| 释义 |
collateral, a. and n.|kəˈlætərəl|
Also 4 collaterale, 5 -alle, 6–7 -all, colaterall.
[ad. med.L. collaterāl-is, f. L. col- together with + later-stem of latus side: cf. lateral, and F. collatéral.]
A. adj.
1. Situated or placed side by side (with one another); running side by side, parallel.
In Geometry and Crystallogr. applied to two faces having a common edge.
1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 238 Collateral is sayde of one that is nye a nother by the tone syde of hym. 1527R. Thorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 253 Betwixt two Collateral lines. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. xxvii. 40 Parted into many collaterall or side braunches. 1601Shakes. All's Well i. i. 99 In his bright radience and colaterall light, Must I be comforted, not in his sphere. 1613R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3), Collaterall, on the other side, ouer against, as two lines drawne equally distant one from another. 1667Milton P.L. x. 86 From his radiant seat he rose Of high collateral glorie. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. vi. §10 (1681) 108 Leave some Collateral shoots to attract the Sap. 1709Berkeley Th. Vision §85 We neither see more visible points, nor are the collateral points more distinct. 1836W. Irving Astoria II. 114 The Rocky mountains..occur..singly or in groups, and occasionally in collateral ridges.
b. Const. to.
1833De Quincey Wks. (1863) XIV. 181 We approached London by rural lanes..collateral to the main roads.
†c. = Lateral, side-. Obs.
1649Bulwer Pathomyot. ii. i. 50 Collaterall Nods, such as wee use when the partyes to whom we make the signe are on one side of us. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 195 From this canal a collateral cut to Naas is completed.
d. Phys. collateral arteries: ‘a term applied to branches of arteries which follow more or less the course of the parent vessel’. collateral circulation: ‘circulation carried on through lateral or secondary channels after stoppage or obstruction in the main vessels’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). So collateral fluxion, collateral hyperæmia, etc.
a1788P. Pott Chirurg. Wks. III. 377 Collateral branches of sufficient size to carry on the circulation. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 228 The adequateness of the collateral arteries for the supply of the limb. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 691 The Dorsal Artery of the Thumb..terminates by anastomosing with its external collateral artery. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. I. 26 The ‘collateral circulation’..set up when a main artery is tied.
e. Bot. Side by side. collateral bundle: a fibro-vascular bundle in which the wood- and bast-elements (xylem and phloem) are placed side by side.
1857Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 89 Sometimes the multiplication [of organs] is collateral, a pair of stamens, for example, standing in place of one. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 326 Euphorbiaceæ..Ovules 1–2, collateral. 1878Macnab Bot. ii. (1883) 45 Many monocotyledons and dicotyledons have collateral bundles.
† f. collateral winds: those blowing from points of the compass intermediate to the cardinal points. So collateral points, collateral quarters. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xi. iii. (Tollem, MS.), Wyndes beþ twelue; foure þerof ben clepid cardinales, chef wyndes, and viii collaterales, side wyndes. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. (1872) 61 Ther is iiij. callit vyndis cardinal, and the tothir iiij. ar callit vyndis collateral. 1664J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 104 Not only from the West, and other principal, but from the collateral Regions of the Heaven also. 1751Chambers Cycl., Collateral winds, are those blowing from collateral points.
2. fig. Accompanying, attendant, concomitant.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 297 A collateral conforte crystes owne ȝifte. c1430Lydg. Bochas viii. xii. (1554) 183 b, Who that did unright By oppression or by collateral wrong. 1613Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 189 That cannot be discerned by sight, but by a colaterall proofe, the measuring of them. 1644Milton Judgm. Bucer (1851) 299 Not as a Learner, but as a collateral Teacher. 1752Hume Pol. Disc. iii. 52 We mistake, as is usual, a collateral effect for a cause. 1870Echo 12 Nov., Anyone who studies these reports in the light of collateral knowledge of prisons.
†b. Ranking side by side with, co-ordinate. Obs.
1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 238 The father and the holy goste were with oure lorde..and therfore they are called hys collateral fellowes. 1641Milton Ch. Discip. ii. Wks. 1738 I. 23 The King..shall rid his Kingdom of a strong sequester'd and collateral Power. 1650Exerc. conc. Vsvrp. Power 5 A King, an House of Peers, and an House of Commons sitting in a collaterall, or coordinate rank. 1656Trapp Comm. Matt. xvi. 24 That [Peter] might not be made collateral, a very copesmate, to Christ himself.
c. Parallel in time, order, tenor, or development; corresponding.
1653Milton Hirelings (1659) 33 Neither doth the collateral place..make other use of this story. 1728Newton Chronol. Amended iii. 292 The two collateral Empires of the Babylonians and Medes. 1755Johnson Dict. Pref., When the radical idea branches out into Parallel ramifications, how can a Consecutive series be formed of senses in their nature collateral? 1774J. Bryant Mythol. II. 415, I should therefore from the collateral histories imagine, etc. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 601 The lower part of a rainbow appears broader than the upper part..the breadth of the moon and of the rainbow in this case are doubtless collateral phenomena.
3. Lying aside from the main subject, line of action, issue, purpose, etc.; side-; subordinate, indirect.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 262 For to tellen forth in especial..And levyn al other thinges collateral. 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. ii. iii. 89 b, Little grand mootemen, who..for every collaterall trifle run over all the 633 titles of Brookes abridgement. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. v. 206 If by direct or by Colaterall hand They finde vs touch'd. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. To Rdr. 4 Collateral things, not being the principal Subject of the Discourse. 1783Burke Sp. E. Ind. Bill Wks. IV. 7 Though there are no direct, yet there are various collateral objections made. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. ix. 347 One of the collateral causes of the Norman Conquest.
b. Const. to.
1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 549 In pursuing of actions collaterall to the History. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 106 This..being but collateral to my work of Examining the Preface. 1796Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 148 For any thing which in the late discussion has appeared, the war is entirely collateral to the state of jacobinism.
4. Descended from the same stock, but in a different line; pertaining to those so descended. Opposed to lineal.
collateral ancestor: a brother or sister of a parent, grandparent, or other lineal ancestor.
1375Barbour Bruce i. 56 He..That..cummyn wes of the neist male, And in branch collaterale. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. Prol. 14 Qwhen þe succession lynealle Endit, þe collateralle Ressawit..þe Crowne. 1531Dial. on Laws Eng. ii. l. (1638) 154 A warranty of an ancestor collateral to the disseisee. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. vi. §39 King Edward dying Childlesse..left the Land at a Losse for an Heir in a direct Line, & opened a Door to the Ambition of Collaterall Pretenders. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 81 The heirs of a man's body, by which only his lineal descendants were admitted, in exclusion of collateral heirs. a1847Barham Ingol. Leg., Spectre of Tappington, The property passed..to a collateral branch of the family.
b. transf. and fig.
1589Nashe Martin's Months Minde 13 Another rabble, of the same house and famelie, in the collateral line of leudnes. 1866Felton Anc. & Mod. Gr. I. iii. 32 Languages..allied by collateral affinities.
5. Law. In various technical phrases:
collateral assurance, assurance made over and above the principal deed; collateral security, any property or right of action, given as additional to the obligation of a contract or the like; so collateral bond, collateral surety; collateral fact, a fact not considered relevant to the matter in dispute in an action; collateral issue, where a criminal convict pleads any matter allowed by law, in bar of execution, as pregnancy, pardon, diversity of person, etc., whereon collateral issue is taken, and tried by a jury instanter (Wharton); collateral warranty: see quot.
1534Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 3 §21 Any colaterall writing or suertie made for such pension. 1552Huloet, Collateral bonde, satisdatio. 1570Act 13 Eliz. c. 8 §3 Contracts and Assurances, collateral or other. 1574tr. Littleton's Tenures 132 a, Called collaterall warrantie. In so much that hee yt made the warrantie is collaterall to the title of the tenementes. 1607J. Cowell Interpr. s.v., To bee subject to the feeding of the Kings Deere, is collaterall to the soyle within the Forest. 1623in New Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1885) 505 Collaterall Covenauntes bondes and assurances so to bee made. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 106 As incorporeal hereditaments are in their nature collateral to, and issue out of, lands and houses, their owner hath no property..or demesne, in the thing itself, but hath only something derived out of it. Ibid. II. 301 Collateral warranty..a younger brother released to his father's disseisor, with warranty, this was collateral to the elder brother. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. iii. ii, With a few pair of point ruffles, as a collateral security. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 84 The foreign inspectorate..on which England and France had insisted as a collateral security.
B. n.
†1. A person associated with another in some office or function; a colleague, an assessor. Obs.
1513–75Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 104 Collaterallis to him wes the bischopis of Dunkell and Dunblane, with thair rockattis and huidis. a1639Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. iv. (1677) 197 The Prince was received by the Archbishop of St. Andrews, whose Collaterals were the Bishops of Dunkeld, Dumblane, and Ross. 1726Ayliffe Parerg. 140 Canons are Collaterals unto Bishops, as Cardinals are to the Popes.
†2. An equal in rank; a rival. Obs.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. x. (1632) 249 The fifteenth king..besides fiue other collateralls, that by intrusion put on the Crowne. 1660Milton Griffith's Serm. Wks. (1851) 391 Your conceited Sanctuary..degrades God to a Cherub, and raises your King to be his collateral in place.
†3. A contemporary. Obs. rare.
1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. xxvi. §6 (R.) Most of the kings have their beginnings placed in some other year of their collaterals than the Scriptures have determined.
4. An accompanying circumstance. rare.
a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 36, I hope these are Collaterals of no danger. 1819J. Lawrence in Monthly Mag. XLVII. 128 What can we say of time and space, but that they are the synonyms or collaterals of existence.
5. A collateral kinsman.
1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 699 All collaterals, viz. Uncles, Aunts, Brothers and Sisters. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) II. vii. 281 Collaterals of mature age or distinguished merit were often preferred to those..nearer the throne in direct descent. 1811Morritt Let. 28 Dec. in Lockhart Scott, A greedy collateral who inherited the estate.
b. A collateral line of descent. rare.
1698Sidney Disc. Govt. i. §15 (1704) 28 All the Sons of Shem and Japhet, and their Descendants in the Collaterals, were to be prefer'd before him [Ham].
6. Anything given as collateral security. Orig. U.S.
1832Congress. Deb. App. 62/2 May 13, 15 days $20,000 collateral. 1887Fall River Advance 23 Apr. 1/2 Russia wants to borrow 100,000,000 roubles. Let the Czar send along his collaterals. 1932‘D. Frome’ By-Pass Murder xxviii. 248 He did not want, for professional reasons, to put up any of his own collateral. 1958Economist 22 Nov. 17/1 Automobiles are frequently accepted as collateral when personal loans are extended for their purchase. |