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▪ I. skep, n.
Forms: α. 1 sceppe, 4 scep, 4, 7 scepp, 5 scappe, 8 Sc. scape; 4–6 skeppe, 5–7 skepp, 4– skep (9 skape, skeb). β. 4–7 skepe, 6 skeipp, 8 scepe. γ. 4, 7 skippe, 5 skyppe, skype, 7– skip (9 skib).
[a. ON. skeppa (Norw. skjeppa, Sw. skȧppa, Da. skæppe) basket, bushel, obscurely related to OS. scepil, MLG. and MDu. schepel (Du. schepel), OHG. sceffil (G. scheffel), of the same meaning.
In early documents the Eng. word also appears in the Latinized forms sceppa, (e)scheppa, eskeppa, etc.]
1. A specific quantity of grain, malt, charcoal, etc., being the amount contained in a basket or other vessel of a certain size; a skepful.
α1100in Napier Contrib. O.E. Lex. 55 Þæt is iii sceppe mealtes & healf sceppe hwæte. Ibid., An sceppe malt & iii hund hlafe. [1216Acc. Exch. K.R. (Bd. 505 No. 5), Item Brasium pro dominicis. De Penred xviij. schepp[e]. 1225Whitby Cartul. (Surtees) I. 220 Solvere annuatim..sex sceppas pacabilis farinae de avena. 1234Pipe Rolls Cumberland & Westm. (1905) 55 Reddit compotum..de xxxiiij. escheppis et viij. strakes avene. 1353in Test. Karleol. 2 Item..duas eskeppas farinæ, duas eskeppas ordei. 1371in York Minster Fabric Rolls (Surtees) 9 In vj scheppis de charcole emptis. ]c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 22 He seide he ouȝte an hundrid skippis of corn. Þis mesure of corn is more þan a quarter. [1470–1Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 216 Et in ij skeppis carbonum vocatorum charcole.] 1496Nottingham Rec. III. 295 For a skep of light brede. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §166 Fyue barley loues, wherof was lefte .xii. coffyns or skyppes of fragmentes. 1570Levins Manip. 70 A Skeppe, a measure of corne. 1669W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. lxi. 437/1 And for every skep of sand did he not come upon Gods ground? 1824Examiner 9/1, 3 skeps of vegetables besides potatoes. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 119 A hogshead is then placed by the copper, and one or two skeps of chaff thrown in.
attrib.1859A. Jeffrey Roxburghshire III. vii. 125 The skep measure is said to have been borrowed from the English practice. It contained twelve bushels.
2. A basket or hamper, varying in form and use in different localities.
Also, in local use, a coal-scuttle.
αa1300Cursor M. 4741 Len vs sumquat o þi sede,..Len vs sumquat wit þi scep. c1340Nominale (Skeat) 533 Bolenge et corbelchon, Bultyngcloth and skeppe. 1419Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 228, j skepp de virgis. c1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 209 A better craft is for this besinesse: Let make a skeppe of twygge a foote in brede. 1519Maldon (Essex) B. 160 Oon quarte pott, ii0 pynt potts, ii0 skepps to bere malte in. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 35 A pitchfork, a doongfork, seeue, skep and a bin. 1600Holland Livy 46 A great number of people sent thither at once to carrie it away in baskets and skeps. c1680W. Linnett in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 493 Wheelbarrows, skepps, ladders, sieves, and other necessaries. 1787W. H. Marshall E. Norfolk (1795) II. 388 Skep, a coarse round farm⁓basket. 1823–in many dialect glossaries. 1863Mrs. Gaskell Sylvia's L. (ed. 2) I. 34 The skeps and baskets and three-legged stools were all cleared away. 1893H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norf. 37 Bullock-tenders always call their baskets skeps.
Comb.c1440Promp. Parv. 457/2 Skeppe makere, corbio.
βc1375Sc. Leg. Saints xviii. (Egipciane) 1257 He let hyre se sic met as with hyme had he In a skepe. 1397in Finchale Priory Charters (Surtees) p. cxviii, Item j skepe pro elemosyna. 1483Cath. Angl. 341 A Skepe, canistrum, cofinus. 1563Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 207 One mavnde, j straw skeipp & j hopper. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. Gloss., A Skepe, or Scuttel, a flat and broad Basket, made to carry Corn withal.
γ1435Tintinhull Church-w. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 176 Item pro uno skyppe, iiijd. c1460Promp. Parv. (Winch.), Mawnd, skype, sportula. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. viii. 231 Mettall..tied together in a cloth in manner of a skippe. 1691Ray S. & E.C. Words 114 A Skip.., a Basket, but not to carry in the Hand. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Skip,..a wicker basket, wider at top than bottom, almost uniformly a bushel measure. 1887E. F. Byrrne Heir without Heritage I. vii. 122 Silky bundles of finished work lay in skips by the side. 1894Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. June 237 Increased demand for crates, skips, and baskets.
b. Mining. (See quots. and cf. skip n.2)
1860Mining Gloss. (ed. 2) 44 Skep, or Skip, a square box (usually wrought iron) in which the coals are sent up to the pit's mouth. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 224 Skep, a bucket or tub a pit-horse drinks out of.
3. A beehive. Also fig.
1494Deed (P.R.O., A 6660), The same Kateryne shall have fre yssve to goo and come to hyr hyve skeppys beyng wtin the Meese and Yards. 1585Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 45 Euen as they do swarme about their king The hunnie Bees,..When he delyts furth of the skepps to spring. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 231 The making of conuenient Skepes or Bee-hyues. a1640J. Day Parlt. Bees (1881) 21 Honey and waxe I will bequeath to build A skep. 1716Hist. MSS. Comm., Moray P. 150 Being informed that your Lady wanted some huny I have caused smoak a scepe. a1774Fergusson Ode to Bee Poems (1789) ii. 31 Yet thir, alas! are antrin fock That lade their scape wi' winter stock. 1818Scott Rob Roy xvii, Andrew..often cast a parting glance upon the skeps, as he called the beehives. 1842Borrow Bible in Spain 119 He conducted us to a place where there were several skeps of bees. 1884Pall Mall G. 21 Aug. 2/2 A rustic who keeps his bees in a flat-topped straw skep.
▪ II. skep, v.
[f. prec.]
1. trans. To cause (bees) to enter a skep; to hive. Also fig.
1825in Jamieson Suppl. 1866G. Easton Autobiogr. (1867) x. 135 Whist! we are skepping the bees. 1891Scott. Leader 21 Oct. 7 If they put a hive over them they would..have ‘skepped’ nine-tenths of so-called Liberal Unionists of Scotland.
2. intr. Of bees: To enter a skep. rare—1.
1842Dumfries Herald Oct., Flowers as thick as swarms of bees a-skepping.
Hence ˈskepping vbl. n.
1883J. Martin Remin. Old Haddington 322 The keeping and skeping of bees. |