| 释义 |
ˈcold-short, a.
Forms: 7 colsar, col-, cole-shire, -shore, coldshare, -shore, 7–8 -shire, (8 coal short, 9 cold-shear), 8– cold-short.
[This, and the parallel red-short (also, in later use, hot-short), point by their early forms to adoption c 1600 from Scandinavian, and prob. from Swedish, metallurgical terminology. Cf. Sw. kallskör, Norw., Da. koldskjör (with the parallel Sw. rödskör, Norw., Da. rödskjör, ‘red-short’); the second element is skör, skjör, ‘brittle, friable’, pronounced (ʃœr); thence the Eng. -sar, -share, -shore, -shear, -shire, afterwards altered to -short, which has also the sense ‘brittle, friable’, in dial. and later general use, esp. in reference to pastry, as in short-bread. Cf. hot-short, red-short.]
Said of iron: Brittle in its cold state.
1601Holland Pliny II. 514 In another [place] the mettall is brittle and short [margin Which our smiths cal Colsar yron]. 1637Vernatt & Whitmore Specif. of Patent No. 113 Good and merchantable tough iron and colshire iron [elsewhere coleshire, bis]. 1665D. Dudley Metallum Martis (1854) 31 Nay, the Ploughman often breaks his Share point off if it be made of coldshare Iron. 1674I. Sturdie Iron Ore. i. in Phil. Trans. XVII. 696 Some makes Coldshire-Iron, that is, such as is brittle when it is cold; another sort makes Redshire. 1681A. Yarranton Eng. Impr. ii. 155 The Colshore-Iron which is made in Staffordshire. 1730Beware of Bubbles 2 Mr. Wood in his paper says there are four sorts of Iron viz. Redshort, Coldshort, Best-tough, and Ordinary tough. 1773Jesson & Wright Specif. of Patent No. 1054. 2 When the metal appears to be red short or coal short. 1794S. Williams Hist. Vermont 316 The iron is mostly of the coldshire kind. 1795Pearson in Phil. Trans. LXXXV. 342 The presence of phosphoric acid has been shown to be the occasion of the variety of iron, named cold short; which is brittle when cold, but not when ignited. 1864Percy Iron & Steel 64 Phosphorus even in small quantity has a decided effect upon..iron at ordinary temperatures, rendering it cold-short, i.e. brittle while cold.
fig.1832Carlyle Misc. (1857) III. 166 His feelings have been hammered, till they are cold-short.
Hence cold-shortness.
1887J. A. Phillips Metallurgy 323 The characteristic of Cleveland iron is cold-shortness. |