| 释义 |
▪ I. skate, n.1|skeɪt|
Forms: α. 4–5 schat(e, 4–9 scate, 7 scaite. β. 6 skete, 6–8 skeat(e, 7 skeite; 6, 8 skait(e, 7– skate (7 skatt).
[a. ON. skata (still in Norw. and Icel. use; Færöese sköta).]
1. a. A fish of the genus Raia; esp. the common species Raia batis, a very large, flat, cartilaginous fish much used for food.
αc1340Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 36, j Schat. Ibid., x schat. c1375Ibid. 46 In vij scates. c1440Promp. Parv. 443/1 Scate, fysche, ragadies. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 764/39 Hic garus, a schate. 1530Palsgr. 266/1 Scate fysshe, raye. 1570Levins Manip. 39/11 A Scate, fishe, batis, raia. 1601Chester Love's Mart. lxxxii, The Skate, the Roch, the Tench, the pretie Wincle. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 119 Yet is it commonly contrived out of the skins of Thornebacks, Scaites or Maids. 1737Ochtertyre House Bk. (S.H.S.) 27 For scate and flounders [{pstlg}]0. 0. 7. 1800Colquhoun Comm. Thames xv. 440 Haddock, Scate, fresh Ling.
β1538Elyot Dict., Raia, a see fysshe called Raye or skete. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 13 Mony kyndes of fische, cheiflie in thrie, Killine, Skait, and Makrell. 1601Holland Pliny II. 439 The fresh gall of a Ray or Skeat..is an excellent medicine for the eares. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 213 One fish like to a Skate we caught. 1701C. Wolley Jrnl. New York (1860) 61 In shape like a Skate or Flare as we call them in Cambridge. 1752Hill Hist. Anim. 308 The variegated Raia, with the middle of the back smooth.., The Skaite. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 422 There is reason to believe that the true Skate produces its young later in the season than either the Thornback or the Homelyn. 1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 667 Of the Skates, Raiidæ, there are five species on our Atlantic coast.
b. With distinguishing adjs.
1611Cotgr., Raye estelée, the starrie Skate. 1668Charleton Onomast. 130 Raia Fullonica,..the Fuller-Scate. Ibid., Spinosa,..the Card-scate. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 421 The Skate. Blue Skate, and Grey Skate, Scotland. 1882Jordan & Gilbert Syn. Fishes N. Amer. 40 Raia erinacea, Common Skate; Little Skate. Raia ocellata,..Big Skate. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 104 Crab-eating Skate, Rhina Skate.
†2. The angel-fish. Obs.
1668Wilkins Real Char. 133 Scate, Angel-fish. 1681Grew Musæum i. v. i. 96 The Scate, or Angel-Fish.
3. attrib. and Comb., as skate-fish, skate-liver oil, skate soup, skate-tailed, skate-toothed; skate-barrow, the egg-case of a skate; skate-bread (see quot.); skate-leech, a leech which infests the skate; skate maid (see maid n.1 7); skate-rumple, the hinder quarters of a skate; skate-shears (see quot.); skate-sucker = skate-leech.
1851Thoreau Jrnl. 27 July in Writings (1906) VIII. 354 Skates' eggs, called in England *skate-barrows from their form, on the sand. 1884Evang. Mag. Aug. 344 The so-called ‘Mermaid's-Purses’..the fishermen call..‘Skate-barrers’.
1681in Macfarlane Geogr. Coll. (S.H.S.) III. 191 *Skatebread, which is a small fish, an inch and a half long.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden O iv b, Like restie bacon, or a dride *scate⁓fish. a1801R. Gall Poems & Songs (1819) 69 Our wames e'en to our rigging-bane Like skate-fish clapping.
1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 404 The best-known example is the *skate-leech (Pontobdella muricata, L.), which is olive-coloured and dusted with whitish grains.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Skate-liver oil, a fish oil often sold for the same purposes as cod-liver oil.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 422 Fishermen distinguish the females..by the names of *Skate Maid, Thornback Maid, and Homelyn Maid.
1824Scott St. Ronan's iii, [An] auld fule.., that may hae some judgment in cock-bree or in *scate-rumples.
1810Niell List Fishes 27 (Jam.), The male..possesses long sharp-edged appendages on the lower part of his body..; and fishers call these appendages *skate-sheers.
1710P. Lamb Royal Cookery 25 *Scate or Thornback-Soupe.
1829Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XX. 289/1 The type of the genus is Hirudo muricata, Lin., well known to fishermen under the name of *Skate⁓sucker. 1882Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 242 The Skate⁓sucker belongs to the genus Pontobdella.
1713Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 181 *Scate-tail'd Sicilian Amaranth.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 393 The..*Skate-toothed shark. 1883Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 296 Smooth-hound,..skate-toothed dog, in allusion to its dentition.
▪ II. skate, n.2|skeɪt|
Also α. 7 scats, schate, 7–8 scate, 7–9 skait. β. 7 skeate, skeete, skite, scheet, 8 skeet.
[Orig. in pl. schates, scates, etc., ad. Du. schaats (pl. schaatsen), MDu. schaetse, ad. ONF. escache (mod. écache) stilt: see scatch1.
The alteration of sense from ‘stilt’ to ‘skate’ in Du. has not been clearly traced. In English the s was from the first apprehended as a plural ending, there being only one example of the pl. scatses: cf. however the Sc. verb sketch, skeetch. The spelling skait was not uncommon in the earlier part of the 19th cent.]
1. a. A device consisting of a steel blade mounted in a wooden sole, and fixed to the boot by means of a screw and straps, used for the purpose of gliding over ice; in later use a similar device made entirely of steel and clamped, strapped, or otherwise attached to the boot. Also = roller-skate n. Chiefly used in pl.
The blades are of varying length and curved or rounded at the toe.
α [1648Hexham ii, Rijdt-schoenen, Riding shoes upon yce, called in Holland Schates.] 1684Ballads Gt. Frost (Percy Soc.) 11 The Rotterdam Dutchman with fleet-cutting scates. 1688W. Carr Rem. Govt. United Prov. 113 The nimble Duchmen on their Scatses. 1701C. Wolley Jrnl. New York (1860) 60 Upon the Ice its admirable to see Men and Women as it were flying upon their Skates from place to place. 1710Swift Jrnl. to Stella 31 Jan., Rosamond's Pond full of the rabble sliding, and with Skates, if you know what those are. 1777Watson Philip II (1793) II. xii. 72 The Hollanders transport themselves..over the ice, with scates. 1806J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life iii. i, Learning to cut the outside edge, on skaits that have no edge to cut with. 1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rural Sports 522/2 After seeing that the strap is properly crossed,..buckle it sufficiently tight to fasten the skate on securely. 1876J. A. Harwood Rinks & Rollers iii. 39 The skates used had four wheels of iron placed in one line from the foot to the heel. 1892‘F. Anstey’ Voces Pop. Ser. ii. 121 Several persons are having their skates put on. 1925Sears Roebuck & Co. Catal. 751 Children's Extension Skates With Steel Self Contained Ball Bearing Rolls. 1959Ice & Roller Skating 20 Wooden wheels are essential for rink skating and the skate should be screwed onto the boot by an expert. 1975Man. Artistic Roller Skating 24 The change-of-edge..should be as short as possible, not materially longer than the length of the skate.
β1662Pepys Diary 1 Dec., Over the Parke, (where I first in my life..did see people sliding with their skeates, which is a very pretty art). 1688Holme Armoury iii. xx. (Roxb.) 239/2 A Dutch Skite, this is a kind of wooden paten. a1700Evelyn Diary 24 Jan. 1684, Sleds, sliding with skeetes, a bull-baiting.
fig.1719E. Baynard Health (1740) 20 Life on smooth skeets slides swiftly by.
(b) In slang (orig. Mil.) phr. to get (or put) one's skates on, to hurry up (see also quot. 1925).
1895W. C. Gore in Inlander Dec. 113 Get your skates on, hurry up. 1919War Slang in Athenæum 8 Aug. 727/2 To evade duty or get clear, you ‘put your skates on’. 1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 260 Skates, to put on, to hurry up. Also to evade duty. To desert. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xxvi. 263 ‘Jack, guy for your b― life. The Squad are here.’.. Said Jack: ‘I very soon put my skates on.’ 1969G. Lyall Venus with Pistol ix. 54 It was Carlos telling me to get my skates on and down to the Doelen plenty chop-chop. 1976W. J. Burley Wycliffe & Schoolgirls i. 33 I'd better be getting my skates on, I'm catching the night train and I haven't done a thing about getting ready.
b. pl. = ski n. 1.
1698A. Brand Embassy China 57 They make use of Scates, by the help of which they pass over the Snow with great Agility. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 215 They make use of skates, which are made of fir, of near three feet long, and half a foot broad. 1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 242 There is no difficulty in travelling over them, even without either snow skaits or sledges. 1849[see 3].
c. U.S. A sledge runner.
1781S. Peters Gen. Hist. Connecticut 320 In the winter, the sleigh is used; a vehicle..carrying six persons in its box, which hangs on four posts standing on two steel sliders, or large scates. 1907St. Nicholas July 781/1 You make a framework of timbers..and stick a skate or runner at each corner.
d. transf. A device with a set of rollers or wheels on which something moves; a device which can be placed under a heavy object to facilitate its movement.
1905Engineering Rev. XIII. 103/1 The Dolter system..consists of a skate suspended from the under part of the car; this makes contact with a small iron block embedded in the road. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 774/2 Skate, sidetracking. (1) A device to move an aeroplane sideways on the ground, for manoeuvring in confined spaces, as when packing into sheds. (2) A shoe for slipping beneath the wheels for handling an aeroplane on soft snow. 1961Daily Tel. 4 Oct. 15/2 An engineering firm has offered to supply skates for the Arch. Ibid., The skates, or tracked skids, are made of steel plates. 1972Police Rev. 10 Nov. 1477/1 It appears that the ‘skates’ shown in..last week's Police Review (page 1405) would combat the above criticisms. 1976Southern Even. Echo (Southampton) 18 Nov. 17/7 Terry Maine..invented a ‘skate’ to go under the damaged wheel—which enables the aircraft to be moved quickly into a hanger for repairs.
e. N. Amer. A set of tackle for halibut-fishing, etc., used chiefly on the Pacific Coast of N. Amer.
1882J. W. Collins in Fishermen's Own Book 96 We set twenty skates of trawl—the whole string. 1897Kipling Capt. Cour. iii. 75 ‘How many skates you reckon we'll need?’ ‘'Baout three. Hurry!’ ‘There's three-hundred fathom to each tub,’ Dan explained. 1960M. Sharcott Place of Many Winds vii. 127 Either the night before or in the morning before the skates of gear are set they must be baited. Ibid. 129 Trolling fishermen often curse the skates of halibut gear. 1972F. Ford Atush Inlet ix. 85 The marker, then the anchor, then two-three hundred yards of halibut line with a baited hook every ten feet, then another anchor and a marker. That's a skate.
2. [from the vb.] An act or spell of skating; one of a series of turns in figure-skating.
1853Kane Grinnell Exped. xxvi. (1856) 214 Took a skate this morning, over some lakelets recently frozen over. 1860All Year Round No. 38. 277 He ceases to complete his skates, he passes from one to the other too rapidly. 1889Advance (Chicago) 11 Apr. 294 Bound for the smooth sheet of ice..for a skate.
3. a. Comb., as skate-grinder, skate-lender, etc.
1849Longfellow Kavanagh xxviii, In his imagination arose images of the Norwegian Skate-Runners. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Skate-maker, a manufacturer of iron sliding shoes. 1860C. A. Collins Eye-witness vi. 84 What becomes of icemen and skate-lenders in summer? 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2192/2 Skate-grinder, a machine for grinding skates.
b. attrib., as skate-blade, skate-iron; skate key, a key for tightening roller-skates; skatepark, a park or rink for skateboarding; skate-sail, a sail rigged up on a skater's back so that the wind may carry him along.
1895Outing XXVII. 202/1 The *skate-blades are fixed to plates which are screwed fast to heel and sole of the skating-boots.
1838J. H. Ingraham Burton I. x. 143 It was placed on runners sixteen inches high, shaped like *skate-irons. 1868B. J. Lossing Hudson 277 Three sled-runners, having skate-irons on their bottoms.
1962‘E. McBain’ Like Love xiv. 193 A little girl..was sitting on the steps tightening her skates with a *skate key. 1977Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring-Summer 509/1 Clamp-on sidewalk skates... Skate key included.
1976N.Y. Times Mag. 12 Sept. 85/2 A $60,000 15 thousand-square-feet-of-concrete *skatepark. 1977Sunday Times 27 Nov. (Colour Suppl.) 27/4 Use purpose-built skate-parks as they have a variety of bowls and slaloms which allow you freedom to develop tricks away from other skaters and spectators.
1882Standard 1 Dec. 5/4 Skimming over the frozen lakes by the aid of the Danish *skate-sail.
▪ III. skate, n.3 slang (chiefly U.S.).|skeɪt|
[Origin uncertain.]
1. A poor, worn-out, decrepit horse.
1894Kipling in Cent. Mag. Dec. 295/2 This yaller⁓backed skate comes to our pastur'. 1923E. Hemingway Three Stories 29 They'd kill that bunch of skates for their hides and hoofs up at Paris. 1935H. Davis Honey in Horn vi. 61 Joel Hardcastle's horses were underfed, badly shod, and skates. 1978E. Tidyman Table Stakes i. iv. 68 The man was a gambler... A pony player. Used to bet thousands on the worst-looking skates you've ever seen.
2. a. A mean or contemptible person. Esp. in cheap skate (also attrib. or as adj.).
1896Cheap skate [see horse n. 18]. 1898F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War 198 If th' skate fr'm Oklahoma is allowed f'r to belch anny in this here assimblage, th' diligates fr'm th' imperyal Territ'ry iv New Mexico'll lave th' hall. 1904J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Eri xxi. 383 Offered me a hundred dollars a week, the skate! 1935D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night xix. 399 ‘It would suit them very well,’ thought Harriet, ‘the cheap skates!’ 1947Partisan Rev. XIV. 259 Samuel lost his temper and told the boss what he thought of him, what a cheap skate he was. 1958New Statesman 4 Oct. 444/2 A cheapskate doctor he employed to save a few dollars gave his wife, Mary, morphine to ease her pains after delivering her youngest son, Edmund, and she has become an addict. 1960H. Pinter Caretaker i. 9 Aston: I saw him have a go at you. Davies:..The filthy skate, an old man like me. 1973J. Porter It's Murder with Dover xii. 119 They were hardened women of the world and knew a cheap skate when they saw one.
b. labour skate (U.S.), a trade-union official.
1930Amer. Mercury Dec. 456/2 Labor-skate, an official of a labor union. 1978Washington Post 27 Jan. d7/3 Most of the crowd consisted of labor skates, members of Jewish groups, and friends of Jackson and Moynihan.
▪ IV. skate, v.|skeɪt|
Also 7–8 scate, 9 skait; 8 skeit, skete.
[f. skate n.2]
1. a. intr. To glide over ice upon skates; to use skates as a means of exercise or pastime. Also with over (cf. row v.1 1 f).
1696S. Sewall Diary 30 Nov., Many Scholars go in the Afternoon to Scate on Fresh-pond. 1730Thomson Winter 632 With him who slides; Or sketing sweeps, swift as the winds, along. 1768Wilkes Corr. (1805) III. 223, I scate almost every day; and amuse myself much with so noble an exercise. 1833H. Martineau Vanderput & S. ii. 38 Because I cannot shoot and skait and swim? 1842Hawthorne in Longfellow's Life (1891) I. 450, I get up at sunrise to skate. 1890Field 11 Jan. 65/3 One Mile Race. G. C. Tebbutt.. skated over.., Verspijk being absent.
b. transf. To slide or glide along; to move lightly and rapidly.
1775C. & F. Davy tr. Bourrit's Journ. Glaciers (1776) 221 Driving his heels more or less into the snow, he skaited, if I may so call it, to the bottom. 1782H. Cowley Bold Stroke for Husband v. ii, Those new shoes! they have made me skate all day, like a Dutchman on a canal. 1847Emerson Poems Wks. (Bohn) I. 425 The train along the railroad skates. 1891Nature 10 Sept. 457/1 Other insects merely dive into the water..or skate upon the surface.
c. fig., esp in phr. (a) to skate over (or on) thin ice; (b) to skate over or skate round (a fact, subject, etc.), to pass by or over hurriedly, to avoid mentioning.
1841–4Emerson Ess., Experience Wks. (Bohn) I. 179 We live amid surfaces, and the true art of life is to skate well on them. 1897Church Times 17 Sept. 283 Cardinal Vaughan is an adept at skating over thin ice. In his address..there were many points which every one knows were weak, but he glided over them with surprising deftness. 1897A. Beardsley Let. 15 Sept. (1970) 368, I hardly like to think now of all the thin ice I must have skated over since March 31st—a miraculous patinage! 1926P. Guedalla Palmerston V. iii. 356 Even Punch regaled its readers with a princely figure of slightly sinister aspect skating perilously on the thin ice of foreign affairs. 1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 30 Mar. 243/1 The Premier did not do more than skate round the problem. 1945E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited i. v. 98 He..could talk at length of..how this or that Jesuit or Dominican had skated on thin ice or sailed near the wind in his Lenten discourses. 1948‘N. Shute’ No Highway v. 123 We both skated over the implications of that. 1957Economist 7 Dec. 860/1 The reason for the outbreak of the second Balkan war in 1913..is gracefully skated over. 1965New Statesman 16 Apr. 622/3 Mr Brown's latest paper on prices and incomes skates carefully around this point. 1971Where Sept. 266/1 It also skates over the fact that it is an offence to be in possession of the drugs listed if they have not been legally prescribed. 1978H. Carpenter Inklings iv. i. 216 He skated on thin ice in the opening chapter of The Problem of Pain, where he offered his readers a ‘proof’ of the existence of God which..tackled this immense issue ‘on the scale of a pamphlet in a church porch’. 1979C. Moule in M. Goulder Incarnation & Myth v. 135 It has been claimed that Mark's christology is authoritative and as much part of the New Testament as Paul's... But this is to skate over the question, What was Mark's intention?
d. colloq. To depart speedily.
1915in C. Johnson Battleground Adventures liv. 418 Holt met the ol' man comin' from the barn as hard as he could run. Oh! he was comin' from thar skatin'. c1926‘Mixer’ Transport Workers' Song Bk. 31 Well, I'm skating. Coming, ‘Slasher’? 1937G. Frankau More of Us v. 63 When one's happy—well, time simply flies. Me for the hay. Let's get our bill, and skate.
e. U.S. slang. (See quots.)
1945L. Shelly Jive Talk Dict. 17/1 Skate, to get away with something. 1977Amer. Speech 1975 L. 66 Skate vi, shirk duties. ‘The new pledges are really skating this week.’ 1979Observer 18 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 56 I'm not a woman's libber but I don't want to skate (shirk).
2. trans.
a. To knock (one) down in skating; to contest (a match), to compete with (some one), by skating.
1788F. Burney Diary April, To skate a man down is a very favourite diversion among a certain race of wags. 1847Mrs. Gore Castles in Air xxxiii, A match was skated upon the lake. 1890Field 1 Feb. 143/2 Whether a race is skated or not.
b. To cause (something) to slide or glide over a smooth surface.
1883Daily News 29 Sept. 3/3 They..turn up on deck early in the morning to ‘skate the chairs’.
c. To slide or glide over. Also fig.
1900[see fenner]. 1970G. F. Newman Sir, you Bastard i. 22 Sneed skated the passing out examination with the highest marks on record. 1971B. Patten Irrelevant Song 27 Quick as the autumn marigold Skates the borders of whitening grass. |