| 释义 |
▪ I. codling1|ˈkɒdlɪŋ|
Also 4–5 codlyng(e, 5 codelynge, 6 kodlynge, 7 codlin.
[f. cod n.3 + -ling, dim. suffix.]
1. A young or small cod. (In early cookery often treated as a distinct fish; and prob. the name included allied species of smaller size.)
1314in Wardr. Acc. 8 Edw. II, 21/12, 1 codling 12d. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 41 Take turbot, haddok, and gode codlyng. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 642/16 Hic mullus, codlyng. c1475Ibid. 763 Hic crocodolus, a codlyng. 1513W. de Worde Bk. Keruynge B iv a, Makrell & whytynge, haddocke and codlynge. 1648Herrick Hesper., Temple 61 Whose linnen-drapery is a thin, Subtile, and ductile codlin's skin. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 245 Called..Codling, because it is no longer than a Cod, and yet hath the taste of Ling. 1688R. Holme Armoury 324 How several sorts of Fish are named, according to their Age or Growth..A Codd, first a Whiting, then a Codling, then a Codd. 1740R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xxx. 138 The Cod..those that are small are call'd Codlings. 1865J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea x. (1873) 206 Smoked codlings are extensively sold for Finnan haddocks. 1877Blackie Wise Men 71 A single cod contains Some hundred myriad codlings in its roe.
b. attrib.
1496Bk. St. Albans, Fishing 34 To take hym [pyke]..Take a codlynge hoke.
2. In America applied to fishes of the genus Phycis, allied to the cod.
▪ II. codling2, codlin|ˈkɒdlɪŋ, ˈkɒdlɪn|
Forms: 5 querdlyng, qwerdelyng, 6 codlyng, 6–7 quodling(e, quadling, 7– codling, codlin.
[The later forms quodling, codling, are perh. corruptions of the earlier querdling. The latter is explained in the Promptorium as duracenum, app. L. dūracinus, -um ‘hard-berried, hard’, orig. said of the grape, hence of other fruits, as peaches, cherries, etc. Assuming that querdling had a meaning corresponding to this, it has been suggested that it might be a derivative of ME. quert ‘sound’; though this is not very satisfactory either in form or in sense.
Palgrave's explanation pomme cuite, and Skinner's pomum coctile, together with the very frequent references in the 17th c. to the coddling of apples or pippins (see coddle v.1), and the frequent spelling of the latter with qu-, seem to show that the two words were thought to be connected. But the form querdling, the late appearance of the verb coddle, and want of early examples of a descriptive phrase ‘coddling apple’, all tend to indicate that this association was non-original and incidental.]
1. a. A variety of apple, in shape elongated and rather tapering towards the eye, having several modern sub-varieties, as Kentish Codling, Keswick Codling, etc.
From the beginning the name seems to have been applied to a hard kind of apple, not suitable to be eaten raw; hence to any immature or half-grown apple. In the beginning of the 17th c. it was applied to a variety suitable to be cooked while still unripe; but the peculiar codling shape appears to have determined the modern application.
c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 472 Blomes of querdelynges or of other gode frute. c1440Promp. Parv. 420/2 Querdlynge, appulle, Duracenum. 1530Palsgr. 206/2 Codlyng, frute, pomme cvite. 1586Cogan Haven Health cii. (1636) 100 Raw apples and Quodlings are by this rule rejected. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 167 As a squash is before tis a pescod, or a Codling when tis almost an Apple. 1625Bacon Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 556 In Iuly..Early Peares, and Plummes in Fruit; Ginnitings; Quadlins. 1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 206 The Codling, so called from the use it is put unto, is a very necessary apple in the Kitchin. 1712Swift Midas, A codling e'er it went his lip in, Wou'd strait become a golden pippin. 1715Kersey, Codlin, a kind of Apple that is proper to be coddled or stewed. [So Bailey 1721–1800.] 1740Somerville Hobbinol iii. (1749) 158 Green Codlings float In dulcet Creams. 1755Johnson, Codling, an apple, generally codled, to be mixed with milk [‘and, it may be added, an apple not quite ripe’. Todd]. 1802W. Forsyth Fruit-trees 59 The Codlin is generally the first apple that is brought to market. 1879Prior Plant-n., Codlin, originally coddling, from coddle, to stew or boil lightly, a boiling apple, an apple for coddling or boiling, a term used in Shakespeare of an immature apple, such as would require cooking to be eaten, but now applied to a particular variety.
b. The tree which bears codlings.
1657Austen Fruit Trees i. 66 It is the custom to make..hedges of Quodlings, Plums and vines. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 129 The Kentish Codling is very easily propagated by Slips or Suckers. 1879Jefferies Wild Life in S. Co. 176 They [goldfinches] build in the same trees—bushy-headed codlings.
c. hot codlings: roasted apples (formerly commonly sold hot in the London streets).
(Gifford explained quot. 1624 as ‘green pease’ (cf. codling5); but his grounds for this appear insufficient. Cf. however coddle v.1 2, as used of peas; whence, it has been suggested, ‘roasted peas’ may have been called coddlings.)
c1624Ford, etc. Sun's Darling iii. iii, If I be not deceeved, I ha' seen Summer go up and down with hot codlings. a1825Popular Song, A little old woman, her living she got, By selling hot codlings, hot, hot, hot. 1881Daily Tel. 23 Feb., Hot codlings may now be sought for in vain.
†2. fig. Applied to a raw youth. Obs.
1610B. Jonson Alch. i. i, Sub. Who is it Dol? Dol. A fine yong quodling. Fac. O, my lawyer's clarke, I lighted on last night. c1640Shirley Capt. Underwit iv. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. (1883) II. 379 Take a very fine young Codling heire and pound him as small as you can..then you must cozen him. 1663Flagellum; or O. Cromwell, All the Codlings and embryons of Triploe.
3. transf. ‘Codlins. Limestones partially burnt. North’ (Halliwell).
4. attrib. and Comb., as codling-apple, codling-hedge, codling-tart, codling-tree; codling-moth, a species of moth (Carpocapsa pomonella), the larva of which feeds on the apple; codlings-and-cream, a popular name of the Willow-herb (Epilobium hirsutum), from the smell of its flowers, or of its leaves when bruised; codling-shaped a., of the elongated and tapered shape of a codling.
1767Monro in Phil. Trans. LVII. 489 Two dozen of *codling apples.
c1705C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 300 A *Coddling hedge secured a walke of orange and Lemmon trees in perfection.
1747B. Wilkes Eng. Moths & Butterflies i. 5 The *Codling Moth. Mr. Rosel says, The Caterpillar of this Moth feeds on the Kernels of Appels and Pears. The Moth lays her Eggs at the End of June. 1885H. C. McCook Tenants Old Farm 92 The caterpillar of the codling-moth. 1959Southwood & Leston Land & Water Bugs ix. 244 The young larvae of the codlin moth.
1670Ray Catal. Plant. Angl. (Britten & H.), Called..*Codlings and Cream, from the smell of the leaves a little bruised. 1884W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Pl. 29/2 Codlings-and-Cream. Epilobium hirsutum. 1959J. Clegg Freshwater Life (ed. 2) 51 Other plants of the marsh are the Great Willow Herb or Codlins-and-Cream..whose rose-coloured flowers and tall growth make it easy to recognise.
1663Pepys Diary 27 July, We liked very well their *Codlin tarts.
1629MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp. Canterb., When the *quodlinge tree was sold. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. 267 The Branch of a Willow, Codling-Tree or Vine will take root being set in the ground.
1882Garden 4 Feb. 72/2 Most of the *Codlin tribe..keep equally free from canker or mildew.
▪ III. † ˈcodling3 Obs. rare—1.
[f. cod n.1 + -ling, dim. suffix.]
Scrotum; applied erroneously to the inguinal sacs of the beaver: see cod n.1 4 b.
1605Sylvester Du Bartas i. vi. (1641) 50/2 The wise Bever, who, pursu'd by foes, Tears-off his codlings, and among them throwes.
▪ IV. ˈcodling4
(See quot.)
1874Knight Dict. Mech., Codling, a balk sawed into lengths for staves. It is cleft or rived into staves by means of a frow and mallet.
▪ V. codling5
(The alleged sense ‘green peas’ in Halliwell appears to be founded solely upon a conjecture of Gifford's on the following passage, and that in Sun's Darling (codling2 1 c) for ‘hot codlings’, which he also took for ‘peas’. If ‘coddled’ or roasted peas (coddle v.1 2) were ever called coddlings, this may be the sense here; but evidence is wanting. In any case there appears to be a coarse allusion to cod1 4, codling3.)
c1623Ford, etc. Witch of Edmonton ii. i, In the pease⁓field? has she a mind to codlings already? |