| 释义 |
sinus|ˈsaɪnəs|
Pl. sinuses (7 sinus, 7–9 sinus's, 8 sinusses).
[a. L. sinus a curve, bend, bay, etc.]
1. Path. An impostume, abscess, or sore, forming a narrow suppurating tract and having a small orifice; the cavity or hollow caused by this.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 45/1 If the Sinus be in the legge, & the bottome of the same vnder the Knee. 1693tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), Sinus, is when the beginning of an Abscess or Ulcer is narrow, but the bottom large. 1748tr. Vegetius Renatus' Distempers of Horses 238 When the Pus..has been squeezed out, the Sinus itself, which contained it, is washed. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 124 Sinuses remained where the abscesses had been. 1881Med. Temp. Jrnl. XLVI. 83 There was a sinus discharging pus on the inside of the right thigh above the knee.
2. a. A curvature, flexure, or bend; spec. in Zool., a curved recess in a shell.
1615Crooke Body of Man 995 The third bone hath two Sinus distinguished by a long knot, whereinto the heads of the second bone are receyued: againe the knub of the third bone entreth into the Sinus of the second [etc.]. 1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 177 Howsoever a line be bowed, it makes always a sinus or cavity. 1720S. Parker Biblioth. Bibl. I. 235 There was no Sinus or Inequality, or perhaps so much as one Pore left open, according to this Hypothesis of the Figure of the Ark. a1728Woodward Fossils (1729) ii. 73 Another [echinus], depress'd by some external Force, so as to make a large Sinus on one side. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. iii, The root of this outward ear, the folds, and sinuses thereof..conducting the air towards it. 1822J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 156 A wing or lobe, having a sinus distinct from the notched canal at the base. 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 360 There is a broad notch or sinus in the columella.
b. Bot. One of a series of small rounded depressions on the margin of a leaf.
1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Leaf, A leaf with sinus's at the sides. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxviii. (1794) 437 The sinuses being opposite. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 59 Their sinuses sometimes lengthened into other lobes. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 325 Auricles rounded incurved almost enclosing the deep sinus.
3. Anat.
a. One or other of various irregular venous cavities, reservoirs, or dilated blood-vessels in different organs or parts of the body; a venous channel or receptacle of blood.
These are frequently distinguished according to their extent, particular form, or position.
1672Phil. Trans. VII. 5134 Whether there is any sinus or common Trunk, into which all the veins are gathered. 1731Ibid. XXXVII. 92 We found the Veins much distended with Blood, as were also the Veins and Sinuses of the Brain. 1761Ibid. LII. 267 The brain was..no-ways loaded with blood, either in its proper vessels, or in the contiguous sinuses of the dura mater. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 437 Inferior Longitudinal Sinus.., occupying the lower edge of the cerebral falx. 1851Woodward Mollusca i. 31 Both the arteries and veins form occasionally wide spaces, or sinuses. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. i. 58 The venous system presents many large sinuses in the lower vertebrates.
b. A natural hole, cell, or cavity in the substance of a bone or other tissue, and either closed or having a relatively small opening.
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v., Any Cavity in or between the Vessels of an Animal Body, the Anatomists call a Sinus. 1741A. Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 28 Sinuses, large Cavities within the Substance of the Bones, with small Apertures. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 297 The application of the trepan to the frontal sinuses. 1835–6Todd's Cycl. Anat. I. 434/2 In the bones of the head we find certain cells, called sinuses, which contain air, not marrow. 1871Darwin Desc. of Man I. iv. 121 The frontal sinus, or the projection over the eye-brows is largely developed.
†4. A cavity or hole in the earth. Obs.
a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 299 By the excavation of certain Sinus and Tracts of the Earth,..the Water subsided into those Caverns..prepared for its reception. 1684Phil. Trans. XIV. 513 They meet with [natural cavities in the earth] very frequently, some..running away with small Sinus's. 1784Twamley Dairying Exemp. 145 The Earth..abounding every where with canals and sinuses, wherein the Dew and Rain-water..glide.
†5. A bay, gulf, or arm of the sea; = sine2 1.
1684T. Burnet Theory Earth i. 110 The promontories and capes shoot into the sea, and the sinus's and creeks..run as much into the land. 1693Ray Three Disc. ii. ii. 85 The Sea would rather run into them, and make Sinus's. 1717Berkeley Tour Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 549 A bridge over a narrow sinus of the sea. 1749W. Douglass Summary I. 399 A salt water sinus, commonly called a continuation of Taunton river. 1789J. Williams Min. Kingd. II. 163 The great number of friths, sinuses, or arms of the sea.
6. attrib. and Comb., as sinus affection, sinus aneurysm, sinus infection, sinus phlebitis, sinus pyæmia, sinus thrombosis; sinus-like adj. Also sinus gland Zool. [tr. G. sinusdrüse (B. Hanström 1937, in K. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. XVI. iii. 3)], a structure in the eye stalk or head of crustaceans orig. thought to be a gland but now recognized as a neurohæmal organ in which are stored various hormones concerned with growth, reproduction, and metabolism; sinus probe (see quot. 1884); sinus rhythm, the normal rhythm of the heart, proceeding from the sino-atrial node; sinus venosus [mod.L., f. venōsus venous], a part of some vertebrate hearts into which the veins lead and which empties into the atrium.
1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 940 The presence or absence of sinus aneurysm.
1938Arkiv för Zoologi XXX B. viii. 1 When investigating the nervous system and the organs of sense of the crustaceans, Hanström found (1931–1935) two organs which he called the blood gland (the sinus gland) and the X-organ. 1972M. S. Gardiner Biol. Invertebrates xvii. 714/1 Molting in decapod crustaceans is also influenced by hormones discharged from the sinus glands.
1936Discovery Dec. 380/1, I was suffering from widespread sinus infection.
1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 678/1 Sinus-like spaces surrounding the viscera.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 816/2 Sinus Probe, a vermicular pointed uterine curved probe, used in its peculiar branch of surgical operations.
1911T. Lewis Mechanism of Heart Beat xii. 132 The compensatory pause fails; that is to say, disturbance of sinus rhythm may be demonstrated. 1980Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Mar. 922/2 Ventricular fibrillation was converted to sinus rhythm with a ‘thump’ on the chest.
1836–9R. B. Todd Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 579/2 This division of the auricle into proper auricle and sinus venosus is more distinct in the left than in the right auricle. 1926J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. 199 The ventricle of the frog's heart has its own independent rate of beat when isolated. But in the intact animal this independent rate is all the time being speeded up by the faster-beating sinus venosus. 1970Encycl. Biol. Sci. (ed. 2) 400/2 In the fish, amphibians, and reptiles the contraction starts in the thin muscle wall of the sinus venosus... In birds and mammals the sinus venosus is absent.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 575 The tissue intermediate between the original inflammation and the sinus wall. |