| 释义 |
▪ I. quill, n.1|kwɪl|
Forms: 4–7 quil, 5 quyl, qwil, qvylle, 6 quyll, 6– quill.
[Of obscure etym.: cf. LG. quiele, G. kiel, dial. keil (MHG. kîl), quill (of a feather).]
1.
†a. A hollow stem or stalk, as that of a reed; a smooth piece of stem between two joints. Obs.
1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. vi, They take a quil..or a large can, And in the ende this stone they set. c1440Promp. Parv. 421/1 Qvylle, stalke, calamus. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 84/2 Of a Tree..the Quill, is the Cane, or space between two such joints.
b. A piece of reed or other hollow stem on which yarn is wound; hence, a bobbin, spool, or pirn of any material.
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 613/1 Spola, a Quyl, or a Spole. 1547Salesbury Welsh Dict., Prikied edafedd, a quyll of yorne. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iv. vii. (1611) 204 Hee beareth Argent three Weauer's Shuttles Sable tipped and furnished with Quils of Yarne. 1635Roxb. Ball. (1890) VII. 142 If I should a Weaver have,..Either wind silk, or fill his quills, 'tis either I can fit. 1771Mrs. Delany Lett. Ser. ii. I. 382 Neither by force or art can I get the present quill off the spindle. 1831G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 221 The quantity of silk wound upon each of these quills is necessarily but small. 1886Elworthy W. Som. Word-bk., Quill, to wind the yarn from the hank or skein on to a bobbin, called a quill, for the weaver's shuttle.
c. A musical pipe, made of a hollow stem. In pl. spec. = pan-pipe (U.S.).
1567Turberv. Epit., etc. 56 Assist mee with your skilfull Quilles and listen when I call. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. xi. ii, Who now shall teach to change my oaten quill For trumpet 'larms. 1710Philips Pastorals iv. 28 Yet Colinet..My fingers guided on the tuneful Quill. 1749Collins Superstit. Highlands ii, There, must thou wake perforce thy Doric quill. 1878Browning Poets Croisic xlviii, Joining the Delphic quill and Getic trump. 1883J. C. Harris Nights with Uncle Remus xiii. 69 Uncle Remus declared that Brother Rabbit could perform upon the quills, an accomplishment to which none of the other animals could lay claim. 1886Century Mag. Feb. 521/2 But to show how far the art of playing the ‘quills’ could be carried..see this ‘quill tune’..from a gentleman who heard it in Alabama. 1952B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. (1958) iii. 20 The homemade instruments of the Negro are described in some detail, the tambo, bones, quills, fife, triangle. 1970Western Folklore XXIX. 231 Blues singer Big Joe Williams..recalls..a two-stringed cigar box guitar, a cane fife, a set of pan pipes or ‘quills’, and an upturned bucket, which served as a drum.
d. A piece of cinnamon or cinchona bark curled up in the form of a tube. Also, the extent to which such bark curls up in drying.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) V. 12/2 The bark which is rolled up into short thick quills..was esteemed the best. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 116 The secondary [characteristics]..are exterior coat, fracture, weight, thickness, and quill. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 86 It is known to commerce as cassia, and comes in single quills. 1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 71 The bark which comes from Loxa is in the minutest quills.
e. The whistle of a steam locomotive. U.S.
1945F. H. Hubbard Railroad Avenue ii. 9 With its interpretive tone the ballast scorcher could make that quill say its prayers or scream like a banshee. 1961Listener 24 Aug. 270/2 The fabled Casey Jones..was a ‘quill artist’ of note, who always carried with him his own quill (that is what they used to call a chime in the deep South).
f. An improvised straw or channel through which narcotics may be sniffed or smoked; the narcotic itself. U.S.
1935A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 94/2 Quill, choicest grade opium. 1970C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 95 Quill, folded matchbook cover in which a narcotic is held and smoked or sniffed. 1971Black Scholar Sept. 36/1 He..rolled a ten dollar bill up into a quill and gave the coke and quill to Christine, who snorted up half of the line on the card.
2.
†a. A small pipe or tube; esp. a small water-pipe. Obs.
c1433in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 429 That thei mowe take oonly to their vse a qwil out of the pipe of the conduyt. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 297 He cut off the pipes and quils private men had made to convey Water into their Houses and Gardens. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. vi. 57 We took a slender Quill of Glass which happen'd to be at hand. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 197 The Bore of the Quill ought to be four Times less than the Bore..of the Conduit-Pipe.
†b. A tap or faucet. Obs.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. (1623) 811 With what quill these wines were vented from the setled Lees. 1611Cotgr., Guille, the quill, or faucet of a wine vessel. 1727Boyer Dict. Royal II, The Quill (or Tap) of a Barrel.
c. The hollow steel mandrel of a seal-engraver's lathe, into which the engraving tools are fitted.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2081/2 The quill is of steel, about 2 inches long and ½ inch in diameter.
d. A hollow sleeve rotating in bearings which is used to transmit the drive from a motor to a concentrically-mounted axle.
1910Engineering 12 Aug. 246/3 A gearless concentric motor for each driving-axle is mounted on a quill flexibly connected to the driving-wheels. 1930Ibid. 6 June 722/1 Two new types of drive had been developed... The first consisted of a geared quill surrounding the driving axle and carrying two crankpins, the latter being connected by a flexible linkage to two crankpins on the driving wheels. 1968D. W. & M. Hinde Electr. Traction Systems & Equipment ii. 32/2 A certain amount of experimental work has been carried out with the motor armature shaft of the hollow or quill pattern. 1975Bram & Downs Manuf. Technol. vii. 208 The spindle rotates in the quill to provide the rotary motion for cutting tools.
3. a. The tube or barrel of a feather, the part by which it is attached to the skin. Sometimes extended to include the shaft, or used loosely in the sense of ‘feather’ (esp. one of the strong wing- or tail-feathers) and poet. for ‘wing’.
1555Eden Decades 163 Suche thinges as they make of fethers and quilles impaled with golde. 1575Turberv. Faulconrie 331 The seconde kinde of Teynte which fretteth the principals of a Hawke to the verie Quill. 1593Queen Elizabeth Boeth. iv. met. i. 76 Spedy quilles haue I That fur aboue the Pole do reache. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts 83 A hard reed about the compass of a Goose or Swans quill. 1713C'tess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 216 No Quill, thence pull'd, was shap'd into a pen. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 102 One of the quills was two feet four inches long; and the barrel, or hollow part, was six inches and three quarters. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 114 The bony tail..has a range of large quills, which..assist in supporting the bird.
b. The feather of a large bird (usually a goose) formed into a pen by pointing and slitting the lower end of the barrel.
brother, knight of the quill: see brother, knight. to draw the quill: see draw.
1552[see goose-quill]. 1581J. Derricke Image Irel. (1883) 19 Lorde guide my quiuryng quill. 1591Florio 2nd Fruites 97 A serpents tooth bites not so ill, As dooth a schollers angrie quill. 1663Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. i. iv. 87 The quill that a philosopher writes with, being dipt in ink [etc.]. 1704Swift T. Tub i. (1709) 32 A quill worn to the pith in the service of the State. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 10 June, Let. i, His house is open to all unfortunate brothers of the quill. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. ii. i. 84 The quill..Wherewith his compact with the devil he signed.
c. A plectrum formed of the quill of a feather, used for plucking the strings of a musical instrument; in instruments of the harpsichord type, a piece of crow-quill, fixed on a jack and set in motion by the keys.
1552Huloet, Quyll, with whiche a musician vseth to play to saue his fingers, or any lyke thinge, plectrum. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 84 The world's a well strung fidle, mans tongue the quill. 1697Dryden æneid vi. 879 His flying fingers, and harmonious quill, Strike sev'n distinguish'd notes. 1776Burney Hist. Mus. (1789) I. ix. 150 To produce a clear tone..by the common means of quills or hammers.
d. The float of a fishing-line, made of a quill.
a1639Sir H. Wootton On a Bank 8 (Percy Soc.) VI. 17 There stood my friend, with patient skill Attending of his trembling quill. 1650E. Powel in Walton Angler (1875) 13 This Fisherman..sits by a brook, watching a quill. a1678Marvell Upon Appleton House 649 But now away my Hooks, my Quills, And Angles, idle Utensils.
e. A toothpick made of a quill.
1784Cowper Task ii. 628 He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern quill, is hungry yet.
f. Mining. A blasting-fuse, consisting of a quill filled with powder (Cent. Dict. 1891).
g. Phr. the pure quill: see pure a. 8 d.
4. One of the hollow sharp spines forming part of the covering of a porcupine.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. v. 20 Make..each particular haire to stand an end, Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine. 1675Grew Disc. Tastes Plants vi. §9 As the Quills in the Skin of a Porcupine. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 108 All these quills..incline backwards, like the bristles of an hog. 1855Longfellow Hiaw. iv. 41 Leggings, Richly wrought with quills and wampum.
†5. One of the cylindrical plaits or folds of a ruff (Nares); ? a quilled ruff. Obs.
a1828The Gardener xi. in Child Ballads IV. 213 The lily white to be your smock..And the jelly-flower to be your quill.
6. A quill-gnat (see 8 b).
1899Westm. Gaz. 2 June 3/2 They prefer to kill their..fish with smaller patterns—a red quill, or a Wickham's Fancy.
7. (In full quill-stroke.) A particular stroke in the game of billiards.
1896R. D. Walker in W. Broadfoot Billiards 370 The so-called quill or feather stroke, which was tabooed years and years ago. 1901Q. Rev. Apr. 483 What was known as the feather stroke or the ‘quill’ Mardon considered extremely serviceable.
8. attrib. and Comb.
a. General combs., as (sense 1 b) quill-boy, quill-machine, quill-winder; (sense 3 or 3 b) quill-barrel, quill-case, quill-cleaner, quill-dealer, quill-dresser, quill-employment, quill-end, quill-gun, quill-man, quill-merchant, quill-nib, quill-pen, quill-shaped adj., quill-timber, quill-vendor; (sense 4) quill-darting, quill-like adjs.
1770T. S. Kuckahn in Phil. Trans. LX. 314 An incision just big enough to introduce the end of a *quill-barrel. 1812Southey in Q. Rev. VIII. 351 What quantity of quill-barrel ought to be allowed for a clerk's daily consumption.
1727Boyer Dict. Royal II, *Quill-Boy, Epeulier.
1795J. Woodforde Diary 28 Mar. (1929) IV. 186 Mr. Thorne..applied a Caustic to it just touching the part with it with a small kind of very fine hair pencil in a *Quill-Case.
1968Canadian Antiques Collector Nov. 25/2 It would seem that the ink bottle was usually on the right of the inkstand, the pounce on the left, with the quill standing in the central bottle, which was the *quill cleaner. 1971Country Life 1 July 23/1 This shelf carried writing equipment: inkpot, quill cleaner and sand box.
1670S. Clarke 4 Plant. Amer. 32 *Quil-darting Porcupines and Rackcoones. a1735Arbuthnot & Pope Mem. M. Scriblerus xiv, The quill-darting Porcupine.
1885Census Instruct., *Quill Dresser, Dealer.
1764Antiq. in Ann. Reg. 171/2 The most ancient grant of nobility in France to a *quill employment was to the King's secretaries.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVII. 692/2 The small *quill ends which touch the strings. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 454 Into this the quill end of the feather must be plunged.
1617Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. (1887) 37 What *quill-gon bownces dares shee not let flye?
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxx. 408 The cheeks and lips are completely masked by the heavy *quill-like bristles.
1846G. Dodd Textile Manuf. Gt. Brit. VI. 182 Sail-making. The *quill machines..have a considerable number of quills arranged in a row, and made to rotate rapidly.
1709Steele Tatler No. 19 ⁋2 Small *Quill-men and Transcribing Clerks. 1830Scott Ayrsh. Trag. i. i, Quintin the quillman, Quintin the comptroller.
1813Examiner 8 Feb. 86/1 J. Jones,..*quill merchant.
1853Simmonds Dict. Trade 310 *Quill-nibs. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1848/2 Bramah probably first suggested quill-nibs.
1862Mrs. Carlyle Lett. III. 109 A couple of good *quill-pens of your own making.
1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 86 Cinnamon of Ceylon..is found in commerce in thin *quill-shaped pieces.
1650Fuller Pisgah iii. v. 419 They conceive this third..Temple never had other then paper-wals, inke-mortar, and *quil-timber.
1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 324 The *quill-venders have found their occupation to fall off.
1885Census Instruct., *Quill Winder.
b. Special combs.; quill-back, an American fish of the genus Carpiodes; the spearfish (Cent. Dict. 1891); quill-bark, cinchona bark in the form of quills; quill-bit, a boring-tool for a brace, having a hollow barrel (Simmonds Dict. Trade 1853); quill-coverts, the feathers which cover the base of the quill-feathers; quill drive, (the apparatus for) the transmission of power from a motor by means of a quill (sense 2 d); quill-feather, one of the stiff, comparatively large, feathers arranged in two rows along the edge of a bird's wing; also, one of the similar feathers of the tail; quill-gnat, a species of gnat, or an imitation of it used in angling; quill-jack, a jack fitted with a quill (see 3 c); quill shaft = sense 2 d above; quill-stroke (see 7); quill-tail (coot) U.S., the spiny-tailed duck (Cent. Dict.); quill-tool, -tube (see quots.); quill-turn, -wheel, a wheel for winding spools; quillwork, a type of embroidery, using the quills of a porcupine, done by North American Indians; hence quillworker; quill-wort, an aquatic plant of the genus Isoetes, esp. I. lacustris, Merlin's grass, having quill-like leaves.
1785Gentl. Mag. LV. 61 The red-bark is in much less esteem abroad than the *quill-bark. 1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 72 The root-shoots had scarcely grown to a sufficient size to yield anything but quill bark.
1912Sheldon & Hausmann Electr. Traction 306/1 (Index), *Quill drive. 1927R. E. Dickinson Electr. Trains vi. 111 There are several other forms of suspension; e.g. the quill drive in which the motor-armature is on a hollow ‘quill’ inside which is the axle of the wheel. 1970Lightband & Bicknell Direct Current Traction Motor iii. 47 The great majority of direct-current traction motors in service are either axle-suspended or fitted with some form of quill drive.
1766Pennant Zool. (1768) I. 156 The *quil feathers are dusky, barred with red. 1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 223 The ulna is often impressed by the insertions of the great quill-feathers of the wing.
1867F. Francis Bk. Angling 189 The *Quill gnat..makes its appearance late in April. 1891Field 7 Mar. 342/2 In a disused fly-book..reposes a small collection of quill gnats.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1691/1 The substitution of *quill-jacks for the hammer.
1934Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXVIII. 738 The turbine itself is mounted on a *quill shaft which telescopes the pinion shaft, the latter being attached to the quill shaft at the low pressure end of the turbine. 1949Ibid. LIII. 143/1 As originally designed the gear was a compound epicyclic gear, the sun gear of which was driven by a quill shaft from the front end of the compressor.
1859Sala Gas-light & D. ii. 23 Another is fluting columns with a thin brush called a ‘*quill tool’.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Quill-tubes, those in use with port-fires for firing guns before the introduction of detonating and friction tubes.
1617Minsheu Ductor, A *Quil-turne, that turnes the quilles, or spoyling Wheele. 1886Elworthy W. Som. Word-bk., Quill-turn, the hand-wheel and spindle upon which the bobbin or quill is wound for the weaver's use.
1825Knapp & Baldw. Newgate Cal. III. 379/1 The block of the *quill-wheel.
1843Knickerbocker XXII. 164 The Indians prepare it in bark, curiously ornamented with *quill work and beads. 1908Encycl. Relig. & Ethics I. 827/2 Closely akin to beadwork is quillwork, especially among the Plains Indians (now done in its purity by few except the Eskimos, the tribes of the north-west coast, and the northern Athapascans). 1966L. Cohen Beautiful Losers i. 97 With a bowed head she received the compliments which the quillwork on her deerskin gown evoked.
1976San Antonio (Texas) Express 8 Dec. 5-b/2 *Quillworkers' tools have not changed. Today they still consist of some awls, strands of sinew and a knife.
1787tr. Linnæus' Fam. Plants II. 832 *Quillwort. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 300 Quillwort. At the bottom of lakes. 1864T. Moore Brit. Ferns 103 The European Quillwort, or Merlin's Grass.
Hence ˈquilldom, the province of literature. ˈquill-less a., not provided with quills.
1888Century Mag. XXXVI. 611/1 [A porcupine's] quilless and vulnerable under side. 1891I. Zangwill Bachelors' Club 69, I was recognised in quilldom as..brilliant.
▪ II. † quill, n.2 Obs. rare.
Also 6 quille.
[? a. OF. *quille = F. cueille gathering, harvest, n. f. cueillir (OF. quillir, etc.) to gather, cull v.1]
1. = coil n.3
1588Book of Charges July (Dom. St. Papers, P.R.O. CCXV. 88) A Quille of ropes wayeing xxvli.
2. in the (or a) quill: In a body; in combination or concert. to jump in quill, to act simultaneously or in harmony.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. iii. 4 Let's stand close..and then wee may deliuer our Supplications in the Quill. 1687Hist. Sir J. Hawkwood x. 18 Nor..did they less jump in quill; for just as he was debating this matter with himself, they came down to him, and besought him that he would dismiss them. c1690Roxb. Ball. II. 136 Thus those Females were all in a Quill, and following on their Pastime still.
▪ III. quill, v.|kwɪl|
[f. quill n.1]
1. trans. To form into small cylindrical plaits or folds resembling a quill; to goffer.
1712Steele Spect. No. 478 ⁋12 It might have been as expensive in queen Elisabeth's time only to wash and quill a ruff. 1758–65Goldsm. Ess. v. Wks. (Globe) 296/1 His cravat seemed quilled into a ruff. 1865Art Jrnl. No. 321 91/2 ‘Quilled’ her frills as usual. 1869Mrs. Whitney We Girls v. (1873) 82 Ribbon that she was quilling up.
2. To cut the quills off (a wing). rare—1.
1710–11Swift Lett. (1767) III. 115 As for Patrick's bird..His wings have been quilled thrice, and are now up again.
3. a. To cover with, or as with, quills.
1783Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ode to R.A.'s Wks. 1812 I. 64 Thou'rt like a hedgehog quill'd By the dire shafts of merciless Ridicule. 1814Southey Roderick xvii, His whole body had been gored with wounds, And quill'd with spears.
b. To fit (a harpsichord) with quills.
1785[see quilling vbl. n.].
4. intr. To wind thread or yarn on a quill; to fill spools.
c1640[see quilling vbl. n.]. 1825Knapp & Baldw. Newgate Cal. III. 377/1 Quilling, i.e. putting silk on a shuttle. 1851S. Judd Margaret ii. (1871) 5 The child Margaret sits..with a small wheel, winding spools, in our vernacular ‘quilling’. 1886[see quill n.1 1 b].
5. trans. To write (with a quill), to pen.
1890J. Coghill Poems, Songs, & Sonnets 67 This screed whilk he's juist new dune quillin'. 1945J. Dickson in Sc. Nat. Dict. (1968) VII. 309/3 For each and a' the cheque's been quilled Wi' nae successors. 1977Even. Standard 18 July 13/2 In 1677..Henry Vaughan quilled the immortal lines [etc.].
▪ IV. quill
obs. form of while. |