| 释义 |
▪ I. club, n.|klʌb|
Forms: 3–6 clubbe, (3 clibbe), 4 klubbe, clob(e, 4–5 clobbe, 5 clobb, 5–8 clubb, (7 Sc. glub), 6– club.
[ME. clubbe, clobbe corresp. to (and probably ad.) ON. klubba (Sw. klubba, klubb, Norw., Da. klubbe, klub), assimilated form of klumba; f. the same root as clump q.v. Cf. ON. klumbu-, klubbu-fótr, Norw. klumpfod, Sw. klumpfotad, Ger. klumpfusz, Eng. club-foot(ed. The history of branch III is obscure: the theory is that it came immediately from the verb, and that the latter was formed from branch I of the n. But senses 5 and 6 (the only ones whence this development could start) have not yet been found early enough to account for the great extension which branch III attained in the 17th c.]
I. A thick stick, and related senses.
1. a. A heavy stick or staff for use as a weapon, thin enough at one end to be grasped with the hand, and increasing in thickness and weight towards the other end; also a special form for use in athletic exercises, generally called Indian clubs.
c1205Lay. 20968 Alle þa heorede-cnauen, mid clibben heo a-qualden. Ibid. 21504 Mid clubben [c 1275 clubbes] swiðe græte. c1320Sir Beues 2511 His clob was..A lite bodi of an ok. c1325E.E. Allit P. B. 1348 He cleches to a gret klubbe & knokkes hem to peces. a1400Sir Perc. 2018 Ane iryne clobe takes he. 1490Caxton Eneydos xlviii. 141 The geaunte bare a clubbe. 1552Huloet, Clubbe of leade, plumbata. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iv. i. 98 Troilous had his braines dash'd out with a Grecian club. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. 110 The Giant mist but little of all-to-breaking Mr. Great-heart's Scull with his Club. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 345 Another exercise is whirling a heavy club round the head.
fig.1579Fulke Heskin's Parl. 89 Howe soudenly hath M. Heskins forgotten the strong clubbe of his Logike.
b. Used as the symbol of rude physical force: cf. d, and club-law.
1606Hieron Wks. I. 63 To resume their old argument ‘from the clubs’. 1647Ballad, Penit. Traytor xxvii. (Tracts & Broadsides, King's Libr. Brit. Mus.), Thus Law and Equity, in awe were keept here, And Clubs were taught how to controule the Scepter.
†c. prentices and clubs: the rallying cry of the London apprentices. Obs.
1548Hall Chron. Hen. VIII, 9 All the young men..cryed prentyses and clubbes. Then out at euery doore came clubbes and weapons, and the aldermen fled. 1591Shakes. I Hen. VI, i. iii. 84 Ile call for Clubs, if you will not away. 1604Dekker Honest Wh. i. Wks. 1873 II. 64 Sfoot, clubs, clubs, prentices, downe with em, Ah you rogues, strike a Citizen in 's shop? 1822Scott Nigel i.
†d. clubs are trump: physical force is to rule the day or to decide the matter; a punning allusion to sense 8. Also as sure as a club.
1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. iv. ix. 66 His prophesie fell out as sure as a club. 1588Greene Pandosto (1843) 27 Taking up a cudgel..sware solemnly that she would make clubs trump if hee brought any bastard brat within her dores. 1607W. S. Puritan in Malone Shaks. Supp. II. 574 (N.) Ay, I knew, by their shuffling, clubs would be trumps. a1640Day Peregr. Schol. (1881) 55 He is his owne as sure as a clubb.
†e. A heavy, clumsy fellow; a clown. Obs.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 167 a, The fair flatte truthe that the vplandishe or homely and playn clubbes of the countree dooen vse. [1818Todd s.v. Club, An old term for a booby. Grose under Hertfordshire clubs and clouted shoon.]
2. a. A stick or bat used in various games of ball; esp. the stick with a crooked and thickened head, used in golf [= Du. kolf club, bat] and similar games; a hockey-stick.
c1450Nominale in Wr.-Wülcker 738 (Nomina Ludorum) Hec pila, a balle; Hoc pedum, a clubbe [cf. 666 cambok]. 1552Huloet, Clubbe croked at the one end, Vncinus, Vncus, Vngustus. a1614J. Melvill Diary 14 Teached to handle the bow for archerie, the glub for goff. c1625MS. Harl. 6391 in Strutt Sports & Past. ii. iii. §14 The prince [Henry] lifted up his goff-club to strike the ball. 1800A. Carlyle Autob. 343 To bring golf clubs and balls. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. ii. iii. §14 A club or bat. 1889A. Lang in Daily News 30 Apr. 4/8 Golf clubs..are like crooked sticks, the ball being hit from the face of the crook.
b. (See quot.) Cf. club-topsail under sense 20.
1889Century Dict., Club, a small spar to which the head of a gaff-topsail or the clue of a staysail or jib is bent to make the sail set to the best advantage.
†3. A staff or baton used as an official and restrictive ‘pass’. Obs.
1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. xxx. 300 The shrewdest boyes, who vse to waite for the club, and watch their times. a1697Aubrey in Thoms Anecd. & Traditions (1839) 94 In my father's time they had a Clubbe (fustis) at the schoole-doore; and when they desired leave exeundi foras (two went together still) they carried the clubbe.
4. The butt-end of a gun.
1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 66 With the clubs of their muskets [they] made a..dreadful slaughter.
5. transf. Any club-shaped structure or organ; a knob; a bunch; a gradually thickened and rounded end.
1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 286 Upon this Column is a little Club, called the Hammer of the Flower. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 122 The antennæ are club-shaped; the club perfoliate. 1833Marryat P. Simple v, A nose which had a red club to it. 1879C. R. Conder Tent Work Pal. II. 54 Tall spires of asphodel and clubs of snapdragon.
6. A club-shaped knot or tail in which the hair was worn at the back; fashionable in the second half of the 18th c. Hence club-pigtail, club-wig.
1785–95Wolcott (P. Pindar) Lousiad ii. Wks. I. 240 Curl, club, and pig-tail, all sal go to pot. 1786Mackenzie in Lounger No. 89 ⁋8 Their commentaries on walking boots, riding slippers, clubs, buckles and buttons. 1837New Monthly Mag. XLIX. 550 Pig-tails and ‘knockers’ superseded the ponderous ‘clubs’. 1850James Old Oak Chest II. 103 What used formerly to be called a club, otherwise a very thick pigtail, hanging some four inches down his back. 1886S. Longfellow Life Longf. I. ii. 19 A..gentleman..wearing..the old-style dress..his hair tied behind in a club, with black ribbon.
7. Hort. A disease in cabbages or turnips in which an excrescence forms at the base of the stem; club-root; cf. clubbing vbl. n. 2.
1846Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. I. 142 An insect which..insinuates itself into the roots of all the brassica tribe, and causes a disease, usually called the club.
II. In cards.
8. pl. The cards forming one of the four suits, distinguished by the conventional representation of a trefoil leaf in black; in sing. a club-card, a card of this suit.[A translation of the Spanish name basto, or It. bastone (see basto, baston), the ‘club’ figured on Spanish cards. The current English figure is taken from the French, where the name is trèfle, trefoil.] 1563Foxe A. & M. 1298 The beste cote carde beside in the bunche, yea thoughe it were the Kyng of Clubbes. 1593Munday Def. Contraries 49 The inuenter of the Italian Cardes..put the Deniers or monyes, and the Bastons or clubs in combate togither. 1600Rowlands Let. Humours Blood Sat. iii. 58 The Knaue of Clubbes he any time can burne, And finde him in his boosome, for his turne. 1611Cotgr., Treffle, also, a Club at Cards. 1712–4Pope Rape Lock iii. 79 Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, in wild disorder seen. 1784Cowper Task iv. 218. 1801 Strutt Sports & Past. iv. ii. 285 note, The suit of clubs upon the Spanish cards is not the trefoil, but positively clubs, or cudgels. 1910W. Dalton ‘Saturday’ Bridge ix. 119 He leads the king of clubs first. 1966Listener 10 Mar. 366/3 East trumped the diamond and returned a club.
III. A combination, association.[This group of senses is closely connected with the vb.; but the evidence does not make certain what was the exact course of development. In particular, it does not appear whether a club in senses 13–15 was, in its origin, merely a knot or association of persons, or a ‘clubbing’ of the expenses of an entertainment, or of contributions towards it: see the verb senses 4–10, where the earliest example quoted (in 9) is connected with the joint defrayal of expenses. The order here followed is therefore merely provisional.] †9. Combination or union into one mass; aggregate, mass. Obs.
1664Power Exp. Philos. ii. 94 The difference of the Mercurial Cylinder may arise..from the club and combination of all these causes joined together. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 139 This hord of restlesness is evenly dealt out amongst the sundry Clubs and Cantreds of bodies.
†10.
a. A combination of contributions to make up a total sum, e.g. to defray the expense of an entertainment. Obs.
1659–60Pepys Diary 24 Feb., A very handsome supper at Mr. Hill's chambers, I suppose upon a club among them. 1678Butler Hud. iii. i. 596 Who's bound to vouch 'em for his own, Though got by Implicit Generation, And General Club of all the Nation. 1755Mem. Capt. P. Drake I. xvii. 168 He offered to pay the Reckoning, which I would by no Means suffer; but all my Intreaties could not prevent his making it a Club, which I at last agreed to.
†b. The share of such joint expense contributed by, or due from an individual. Obs.
1660Pepys Diary 1 July, Met with Purser Washington, with whom..I dined at the Bell Tavern in King Street, but the rogue had no more manners than to invite me, and to let me pay my club. 1665Ibid. 20 Feb., We dined merry: but my club and the rest come to 7/6d., which was too much. 1705Vanbrugh Confed. i. i, They say he pays his club with the best of 'em. 1707Farquhar Beaux Strat. iv. ii, We must not pretend to our share of the discourse, because we can't pay our club o' th' reckoning. 1727Swift Lett. Wks. 1841 II. 609, I remember when it grieved your soul to see me pay a penny more than my club at an inn. 1792Burke Let. Sir H. Langrishe Wks. VI. 299, I had..paid my club to the society which I was born in some way or other to serve.
†11. A meeting or assembly at a tavern, etc., for social intercourse; a social meeting the expenses of which are jointly defrayed; later, a periodical social meeting of such an association as is described in 13 (to which the name club was soon transferred). Obs. (Johnson's explanation ‘An assembly of good fellows, meeting under certain conditions’, belongs here, unless ‘assembly’ was meant for ‘association’.)
1648Davenant Long Vac. in Lond., Our mules are come: dissolve the club: The word, till term, is ‘Rub! oh rub!’ 1665Pepys Diary 5 July, A house..where heretofore, in Cromwell's time, we young men used to keep our weekly clubs. 1675R. L'Estrange Art Good Husb. in Harl. Misc. (1810) VIII. 63 A mechanick tradesman..in the evening, about six o'clock, he goes to his two-penny club, and there stays for his two-pence till nine or ten..and usually, at parting, or breaking up of these clubs, they divide themselves according to their several inclinations..some go to a tavern, etc. 1711Addison Spect. No 9 ⁋1 Those little Nocturnal Assemblies, which are commonly known by the name of Clubs. 1722De Foe Plague (1884 Rtldg.) 92 This Tavern, where they held their Club. 1764A. Murphy Apprentice, A Farce 8 He went three times a week to a Spouting club. W... What's a Spouting club? G. A meeting of Prentices and Clerks..intoxicated with Plays, and so they meet in Public-Houses to act Speeches. 1791G. Gambado Acad. Horsem. ii. (1809) 72 Many bets are depending on it at our next Club. 1801Macneill Poet. Wks. (1844) 70 Jean, at first, took little heed o' Weekly clubs mang three or four.
†12. A knot of men associated together; a set, a clique; early applied to a private association with a political object; a secret society. Obs.
1682Dryden Medal Ded., What right has any man among you..to meet, as you daily do, in factious clubs, to vilify the government in your discourses? 1683Evelyn Diary 28 June, They [the Rye House plotters] were discovered by the Lord Howard of Escrick and some false brethren of the club. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxviii. §14 Nor is there one of ten thousand, who is stiff and insensible enough, to bear up under the constant Dislike, and Condemnation of his own Club. 1692― Educ. §94 ⁋4 The Dangers [should be] pointed out that attend him from the several Degrees, Tempers, Designs, and Clubs of Men. 1695Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) III. 546 This day one Chapman of the Bridgefoot club was taken into custody for treasonable practices. Ibid. III. 550 One Chapman of the Southwark clubb is bailed on promise to discover the rest of the Jacobite clubb. 1727Swift Gulliver iii. iv. 205 A club of those projectors came to him with proposals. 1730Wesley Wks. (1830) I. 3 He had been rallied the day before on being a member of the Holy Club.
13. a. An association or society of persons of like sympathies, of a common vocation, or otherwise mutually acceptable, meeting periodically (under certain regulations) at some house of entertainment, for social intercourse and cooperation.
As to ‘clubs’ in this sense, which were a great feature of English life in the 18th c., see the Spectator 1721 No. 9. Associations of this sort still exist under the name; but, speaking generally, the 17–18th c. ‘club’ has developed in two directions; that mainly connected with entertainment having become a permanent institution as described in sense 15, while the occasionally or periodically meeting club has usually primary objects apart from conviviality, as in 14. (The first quotation may belong to sense 12.)
1670Collins in Rigaud Corr. Sc. Men (1841) II. 526 Of two mathematical clubs here, one is a large one consisting of divers ingenious mechanics, gaugers, carpenters. c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Club..a Society of Men agreeing to meet according to a Scheme of Orders under a slight Penalty to promote Trade and Friendship. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 21 June, In my absence they had erected a Club and made me one..Our meetings are to be every Thursday: we are yet but twelve. 1714Journey thro' Eng. (1722) I. 289 The Mug-House-Club in Long-Acre; where every Wednesday and Saturday, a mixture of Gentlemen, Lawyers, and Tradesmen, meet in a great Room..Here is nothing drank but Ale, and every Gentleman hath his separate Mug. 1791Boswell Johnson an. 1764 Soon after..was founded that club which existed long without a name, but at Mr. Garrick's funeral became distinguished by the title of the Literary Club..They met at the Turk's Head, in Gerrard Street, Soho, one evening in every week, at seven. 1865O. W. Holmes in Motley's Lett. II. 10 Oct., What a fine thing it would be to see you back at the Saturday Club again.
b. A building, rooms, or other premises occupied or owned by a club; an establishment providing entertainment, etc., to members and guests; also = night-club s.v. night n. 14. Cf. working men's club s.v. working-man b.
1896Daily News 20 May 5/6 Those ‘go-as-you-please’ establishments called clubs. 1922E. O'Neill Hairy Ape (1923) vii. 64 The interior of the room..resembles some dingy settlement boys' club. 1935McArthur & Long No Mean City xx. 312 By the time of the Glasgow Fair..the first of the clubs and recreation halls which now play an important part in tenement life were opened. 1957R. Hoggart Uses of Literacy v. 121 Women, dressed in their best, out on a pub, club or street excursion. 1966K. F. Otterbein Andros Islanders i. 17 In addition to houses, the villages have bars, small grocery shops, churches, clubs (a club is a bar with a dance hall), schools, and society halls or lodges. 1977[see social a. 5 c].
14. a. An association formed to combine the operations of persons interested in the promotion or prosecution of some object; the purpose is often indicated in the title, as Alpine club, athletic club, chess club, cricket club, football club, literary club, natural history field club, tennis club, yacht club, etc.; benefit club, clothing club, coal club, goose club, etc.
Many of these are solely devoted to the object for which they are organized; others combine therewith some of the convivial features of sense 13, or even the permanent organization of sense 15. Here belong the publishing clubs, as the Abbotsford, Bannatyne, Roxburgh, Spalding, etc., which differ from societies with similar objects chiefly in their limitation of membership to a fixed number.
1755(title), The Game at Cricket, as settled by the Several Cricket Clubs. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 2 The solemn public seal of sanction they have received from two clubs of gentlemen in London, called the Constitutional Society, and the Revolution Society. 1812Exam. 11 May 291/1 The benefit club..forms something of a provision against adversity. 1859[John Ball] Peaks, Passes & Gl. 1st Ser. vii, Early in the year 1858, it was resolved to give scope for the extension of this mutual feeling amongst all who have explored high mountain regions, by the formation of the Alpine Club. 1887M. E. Braddon Like & Unlike x, St. Austell had got the commoner into the Jockey Club. 1890Times (weekly ed.) 3 Jan. 15/3 Her Majesty contributes {pstlg}100 annually to the funds of the Royal Clothing Club at Windsor.
b. Short for benefit club. colloq. (Cf. club-feast, -money in 20.) to be on the club: to receive relief from its funds.
c. in the (pudding) club, pregnant; esp in phr. to get or put (someone) in the (pudding) club, to make pregnant. slang.
1936J. Curtis Gilt Kid iv. 38 You were put in the pudden club by the squire's son. 1943M. Harrison Reported Safe Arrival 13 D'jer put a servant-gal in the Club? 1968M. Allingham Cargo of Eagles v. 66 You want an angry husband or a young woman in the pudding club. 1969J. Gardner Founder Member ix. 148 They mean you have to get me in the club. 1969J. N. Smith Is he Dead, Miss ffinch? iv. 20 When the doctor told me I was in the club I told him he was daft—that I'd never—well, you know.
d. fig. A number of people having something in common, sharing an experience, etc.
1944Chatelaine May 51/2 Join the Cotton Club! [i.e. wear cotton dresses]. 1969‘J. Fraser’ Cockpit of Roses vi. 45 Men knew she was available to anyone who cared to take her out for an evening... Peter had avoided joining the club. 1970Calgary Herald 26 Mar. 34/1 Standard equipment for married men who cheat is a wife in poor health who can't face the blow. Welcome to The Club.
e. A group of nations united or associated for a particular purpose, as for trade, defence, etc.
1950Ann. Reg. 1949 235 The Federal Government were given permission..to appoint their own delegate.., an important step in integrating Germany into the Western European ‘club’. 1952Ann. Reg. 1951 166 Recommendations for the formation of a ‘Low Tariff Club’. 1958[see atomic a. 2 e]. 1959Listener 31 Dec. 1140/2 If European membership of the nuclear club increased, the task of the Nato authorities is likely to become impossibly difficult.
15. a. An association of persons (admittance into which is usually guarded by ballot), formed mainly for social purposes, and having a building (or part of one) appropriated to the exclusive use of the members, and always open to them as a place of resort, or, in some cases, of temporary residence; the club may be political, literary, military, etc., according to the aims and occupations of its members, but its main feature is to provide a place of resort, social intercourse, and entertainment.
This is a natural development of the club of sense 13, which gradually grew till it monopolized the whole accommodation of the tavern or house at which it met, and the place became known as a ‘club-house’,—the club often bearing the name of the proprietor of the house. Later, in order to have the management of the house and their affairs in their own hands, some clubs started fully-equipped establishments of their own. The institution has developed into its most completely-organized form in London, where, especially in the vicinity of St. James's (colloquially called ‘clubland’), are to be found the most perfect types of it.
1776Walpole Jrnl. Reign Geo. III (1859) II. 39 Being excluded from the fashionable club of young men at Almack's they formed a plan for a new club..They built a magnificent house in St. James's Street and furnished it gorgeously. 1823Byron Let. Ld. Blessington 5 Apr., In my time Watier's was the Dandy Club. a1837Penny Cycl. VII. 275 The modern subscription houses which go by the name of clubs, such as the Athenæum, the University, the Senior and Junior United Service,—are in no respect clubs, according to the ancient English understanding of the term except that every member must be balloted for, or admitted by the consent of the rest. 1862R. H. Gronow Reminisc. 76 The Clubs of London in 1814—White's, Boodle's, Brookes', or Wattiers',—which with the Guards', Arthur's, and Graham's, were the only clubs at the West End. 1877Trollope Prime Minister ii, The club went on its way like other clubs, and men dined and smoked and played billiards and pretended to read.
b. The building or rooms occupied by such a society, a club-house.
a1837[see above]. 1850Thackeray Pendennis i, Major Arthur Pendennis came over from his lodgings..to breakfast at a certain Club in Pall Mall. 1883Lloyd Ebb & Flow II. 292 They sent for me at my club.
c. the best club in London: a jocular name for the House of Commons.
[1857E. Whitty Friends of Bohemia II. i. 5 Some here [sc. the House of Commons] because it is the right club. ]1865Dickens Mut. Fr. I. ii. iii. 186, I think..that it [sc. the House of Commons] is the best club in London. 1914Chesterton Flying Inn xvii. 195 He saw afar off, sitting above the river, what has been very erroneously described as the best club in London. 1967L. Woolf Downhill all Way i. 33 A backbench M.P. in the 1920s..was, no doubt, a member of what was said to be the best club in London.
16. transf. The name of certain organizations on the continent, esp. those of a political character in France, which, at various times, took a prominent part in political affairs.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 217 When he [Henry VIII] resolved to rob the abbies, as the club of the Jacobins have robbed all the ecclesiasticks. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. i. v. (Clubbism), It..calls itself Club: calls itself in imitation..of those generous Price-Stanhope English, who sent over to congratulate, French Revolution Club..under the shorter popular title of Jacobins' Club, it shall become memorable to all times and lands. 1858Buckle Civiliz. (1869) II. vii. 414 The first clubs which ever existed in Paris were formed about 1782. 1870Daily News 25 Nov., A club here..does not mean what it does in England; it is simply a debating society open to all the world, where the Frenchman can indulge his love of oratory and of wordy contest.
17. Applied to ancient associations.
1837Thirlwall Greece IV. xxviii. 36 These clubs were of long standing at Athens. 1838Arnold Hist. of Rome (1846) I. xvi. 334 The young patricians, organised in their clubs, supported each other in their outrages.
IV. attrib. and Comb.
18. attrib. Of or pertaining to a club or clubs.
1637T. Goodwin Aggrav. of Sin (1643) 53 They would perswade them to it by a clubb argument, drawn from avoiding persecution. 1791Burke Let. Member Nat. Assem. Wks. 1842 VI. 51 The scheme of parochial and club governments takes up the state at the wrong end. 1859Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 226 He writes his letters on the club paper, pops them into club envelopes, seals them with the club seal, and despatches them..by the club messengers. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. ii. 39 One of my club gossips.
19. General combs., as
a. (in sense 1) club-bearer, club-fellow, club-method, club-stick; club-armed, club-high, club-like, club-tailed adjs.; (sense 2) club-face, club-head, club-maker, club-shaft; club-pigtail, club-wig (see 6);
b. (in senses 13–17) club-dinner, club-hour, club-monger, club-night, club-room, club-time, etc.; (sense 14) club-book, club button, club-girl, club-mate, club necktie, club tie; (sense 15) club bore.
1655–60Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 3/1 The *Club-Arm'd Traveller.
1552Huloet, *Clubbe bearer, clauator. 1855C. Kingsley Heroes, Theseus ii. 206 Corynetes the club-bearer.
1852C. M. Yonge Two Guardians xx. 397 Marian went on a voyage of discovery among the *club books downstairs, and brought up a book of travels, and a novel. 1864Bagehot Coll. Works (1965) II. 290 A large part of old novels may very fairly be called club-books; they speak out plainly and simply the notorious facts of the world, as men speak of them to men.
1910H. G. Wells New Machiavelli (1911) iii. i. 309 Most clubs have a common link, a lowest common denominator in the *Club Bore, who spares no one.
1894To-day 17 Mar. 182/2 Yachting suits of blue cheviot with *club buttons.
1836–48B. D. Walsh Aristoph. 114 note, A *club-dinner, it appears, was an ordinary affair.
1928Daily Mail 25 July 15/4 Much has been heard in recent years of the ‘shut’ and ‘open’ *club-faces.
1891Hardy Tess III. vi. 1. 170 The field in which, as a *club-girl, she had first seen Angel Clare.
1890H. G. Hutchinson Golf iv. 78 The *club-head wants to be travelling, when it meets the ball, in the direction in which it is intended the ball should go. 1903Westm. Gaz. 17 July 3/2 To bring the club-head down on the back of the ball and between it and the rim of the cup.
1847Carpenter Zool. §649 The Palpicornes also possess antennæ with a *club-like termination. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 385 Swollen in a club-like manner.
1890H. G. Hutchinson Golf ii. 55 Then arose a great master *club-maker. 1909Westm. Gaz. 11 Jan. 12/2 Besides being a very fine player, Stephenson is a first-class club-maker.
Ibid. 25 Oct. 14/2 The club..had been used to an old *club-mate acting as umpire. 1960T. Mclean Kings of Rugby xi. 185 As clubmates, Briscoe and McCullough, were as yet wanting in subtlety.
1817Cobbett Wks. XXXII. 72 Loyal *club-mongers communicate their schemes to the government. 1885Whitaker's Almanack 129 The ventures of speculative ‘Club-mongers’ are dying out.
1916A. Bennett Lion's Share xxxii. 234 The owner..was wearing one of his most effulgent and heterogenous *club neckties.
1764A. Murphy Apprentice 19 It must be almost Nine. I'll away at once; this is *Club-night.
1783Gentl. Mag. LIII. ii. 814 No wine was to be drunk out of the *club-room. 1830Blackw. Mag. XXVII. 47, I took up the..Morning Herald from the club-table in the club-room of the country town of O ―.
1906Westm. Gaz 12 Oct. 3/1 A little twist in the hand, with the *club-shaft.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. i. v, The *Club-spirit is universal.
1880Q. Rev. Jan. 32 Rhetoric which sends mobs yelling to the tar-barrel or the *club-stick.
1846Ld. Campbell Chancellors, Thurlow V. clv. 489 When I myself first began the study of the law, the modern *club-system was unknown.
1794W. Roberts Looker-on III. 386 Your *club-tailed coach-horses.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 222 Puffs, Bows, *Club Ties, etc. 1935G. Greene Basement Room 102 The rather exclusive club tie, freshly ironed. 1949M. Muggeridge Affairs of Heart ix. 177 A club tie, old and frayed.
1711Budgell Spect. No. 77 ⁋1 A little before our *Club-time last Night we were walking together.
20. Special combs. (in a few of which the vb. stem seems to be the source): club antenna, an antenna with a thickened or knobbed extremity; club armchair, chair, a thickly upholstered armchair of the type often found in clubs; club car U.S., (a) orig. a railroad coach provided with special facilities, and reserved for the use of the members of a club operated by the railroad company; (b) now, any passenger coach furnished with chairs rather than coach seats, and sometimes with other special facilities such as a buffet; club class, a class of fare between first class and tourist class on a passenger aircraft, etc., and designed esp. for the business traveller; club doctor, the doctor provided by a benefit club; club-drub v., to beat; club-ended a., thickened or knobbed at the end; club-farm, a farm on co-operative principles; club-feast, (a) a feast at a club; (b) an annual gathering in connexion with a benefit-club; club-fender, a large fender (fender n. 3 a) with a padded top; club-fungus, a fungus belonging to the family Clavariaceæ; † club-grass, (a) = club-rush; (b) bookname for Corynephorus, a genus of rare grasses; club-hand, a rare deformity of the hand, similar in nature to club-foot (Syd. Soc. Lex.); club-head, a club-shaped or club-like head; so club-headed a., † club-headpiece; club-land, see 15; (also clubland); hence, any area in which there is a large number of clubs; these clubs or their members collectively; also attrib.; club leader, a leader of a youth club; † club-lome (loom), a weapon or tool consisting of a club; club-master, † (a) one who uses physical force; (b) the manager of a club; ˈclubmobile U.S. [cf. automobile n.], a large vehicle equipped to supply refreshments, recreational facilities, etc., to troops, workers in isolated areas, etc.; club-money, (a) money contributed towards a ‘club’ (cf. 10); (b) subscription to a benefit club or provident society; (c) money paid by a benefit club or provident society; † club-musket, the use of a musket as a club; club-root, a disease of turnips, etc., anbury; club sandwich (orig U.S.), a thick sandwich containing several ingredients, as chicken or turkey, lettuce, tomato, mayonnaise, etc.; also fig.; Club Soda chiefly U.S., a proprietary name for a variety of soda-water; now also used generically; club-start, -tail, dial. names of the stoat; club-tie, a tie that binds a club of hair (cf. 6); club-tooth, a tooth of a wheel which is thicker towards the outer end; club-topsail, a large topsail extended beyond the gaff by means of a small spar or ‘club’; club-walk, -walking, a procession by the members of a local club or clubs; esp. the annual festival of a benefit club or friendly society; so club-walker; † club-weed, a name for Matfelon, or Knap-weed; club-wheat, a variety of wheat; club-woman (orig. U.S.), a woman who is a member or habituée of a club or clubs; club-wood, a name of casuarina. Also club-fist, -foot, -haul, -man, -moss, etc.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., *Club antennæ..of butterflies. 1885Pall Mall G. 3 Mar. 4/1 Brown creatures, each with six legs and a pair of club antennæ.
1962M. Kelly Due to Death v. 83, I have an affection for large comfortable lies. They're like *club armchairs.
1893Engineering News II. 298/2 The Harlan & Hollingsworth Co...shows a ‘*club’ car..on the Central R.R. of New Jersey. One side of the interior is fitted with chair seats. 1895Wait Car-Builder's Dict. 31 Club car,..a buffet-parlor car built and owned by railroad companies but kept expressly as a private car for members of a club. 1926T. W. Van Metre Trains, Tracks & Travel v. 143 A combination baggage and passenger car is usually called a club car. The passenger compartment of a club car is often fitted with chairs instead of ordinary coach seats, and some of them are equipped with a buffet-broiler. 1948New Yorker 25 Sept. 27/1 The new Twentieth Century club car has a shower, a barber, a valet, a service bar, [etc.]. 1979P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express i. 20, I went to the Club Car and had a morning pick-me-up.
1919G. B. Shaw Heartbreak Ho. Pref. p. xxiii, Fat old men, sitting comfortably in *club chairs.
1978Times 15 June 4/7 *Club class would be available to full economy-fare passengers and would be intended mainly for businessmen. 1985Observer (Colour Suppl.) 14 Apr. 7/1 Alfa Romeo paid for everything from the British Airways club-class smoked salmon to the very superior class of shower cap at our luxury hotel.
1872Geo. Eliot Middlem. vii. lxxi. 163 Doctor Gambit..is our *club doctor. 1905A. Bennett Tales Five Towns i. 186 Will ye let your Lucy run quick for th' club doctor?
1875Browning Aristoph. Apol. 183 In dealing with King Multitude, *Club-drub the callous numsculls!
1885Duke of Argyll in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 477 *Club-farms..are as yet, purely experimental.
1915Phillpotts & Hastings Angel in House 11 The fireplace..has round it a *club fender on which people may sit comfortably. 1917G. B. Shaw What I really Wrote (1931) 193 The whole thing was mere postprandial brag, war-game and club-fender gossip. 1959House & Garden Sept. 69/1 Antique club-fender, brass with leather seat.
a1909C. MacMillan Minn. Plant Life viii. (Cent. Dict. Suppl.), Not all of the *club-fungi are unbranched.
1787Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 73 Club-rush, Aglet-headed Rush, Common *Club-grass.
1870Holmes Surgery (ed. 2) III. 667 This explanation does not apply to the *Club-hands.
1713Derham Phys. Theol. viii. vi. (R.), In its aurelia state it hath quite a different body, with a *club-head.
Ibid. (J.), Small *club-headed antennæ.
1698Vanbrugh æsop ii. ii, Clap me at the head of the state, and Numphs at the head of the army; he with his club-musket and I with my *club-headpiece, we'd soon put an end to your business.
1885Whitaker's Almanack 129 The vapid conversation now to be heard in *Club-land generally. 1886Pall Mall G. 4 Oct. 6/1 Clubland proper is still and will remain pretty much what it was in the days of Major Pendennis. 1894Brewer's Dict. Phr. & Fable 264/2 Club-land, that part of the West End of London where the principal clubs are situated; the members of such clubs. 1912‘Saki’ Chron. Clovis 242 The brains of clubland were much exercised in seeking out possible merit. 1916in H. Barnett Canon S.A. Barnett (1918) II. xxxiv. 72 The influence of Canon Barnett impressed itself strongly in East London clubland. 1953R. Usborne Clubland Heroes 5 The heroes of the books I am examining were essentially West-End Clubmen, and their clubland status is a factor in their behaviour as individuals and groups. 1970Guardian 22 Apr. 8/6 SET and rising land values in Central London are choking clubland like unwelcome smoke from a cheap cigar.
1889in H. Barnett Canon S.A. Barnett (1918) II. xxxiv. 70 The work of *club leaders lies in stimulating healthy political and social life. 1958New Statesman 8 Feb. 181/1 The post of Full-time Club Leader as under: Richmond-Ham Youth Club.
a1400Sir Perc. 2053 The gyant with his *clobe⁓lome Wolde hafe strekyne Percevelle sone.
1661Gauden to K. Chas. II, 4 The many and long tragedies suffered from those *club masters and tub-ministers.
1943J. Steinbeck Once there was War (1959) i. 96 A *clubmobile is parked, a bus converted into a kitchen for the cooking of doughnuts and coffee and run by two Red Cross girls. 1944Amer. Speech XIX. 78/1 A Clubmobile, a miniature Red Cross club on wheels, was demonstrated March, 1943... It can be used as station wagon, stretcher, ambulance, or clubmobile.
1836–48B. D. Walsh Aristoph. 114 note, The person who managed the arrangements of the feast collected the *club-money. 188819th Cent. Mar. 460 What about club money? I know you belong to a provident society. 1903G. B. Shaw Man & Superman iii. 107, I saw a man die..a London bricklayer's labourer... He left seventeen pounds club money. 1913D. H. Lawrence Love Poems 55 An' there's compensation, sin' it's accident, An' club money—I nedn't grouse.
1677Ld. Orrery Art of War 30 To fall in at *Club Musket. 1690J. Mackenzie Siege London-Derry 34/1 Our men pursued them so close, that they came to Club-Musquet with it. 1698[see club-headpiece].
1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. II. 11 Unfounded popular prejudices about *club-root, anbury, blight, honey-dew, etc. 1848Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. vi. 326 The disease called fingers-and-toes, anbury, or club-root.
1903R. L. McCardell Conv. Chorus Girl 69 All we need is a *club sandwich and a bottle of beer. 1945New Yorker 25 Aug. 14 This is a club-sandwich sort of story, combining a hotel, a secretary, and an electric fan. 1966G. Black You want to die, Johnny? v. 88 It was a club sandwich, three layers.
1877Trade Marks Jrnl. 26 Dec. 1812/2 (in figure) Cantrell & Cochranes Super carbonated *Club Soda (specially prepared) Works—Dublin & Belfast. 1906Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 10 Apr. 1947/2 Cantrell & Cochrane, Limited, Dublin, Ireland, and New York, N.Y. Filed Sept. 1, 1905. Used ten years..Club soda. 1920Ade Hand-Made Fables 146 The Victim of the Club Soda Habit was saved from further Humiliation. 1983N.Y. Times Mag. 28 Aug. 16 It [sc. soda] can also be a generic word for carbonated water, what others call club soda, clear soda, white soda or, in New York, seltzer.
1877Holderness Gloss., *Club-start, a species of pole-cat.
1877N.-W. Lincolnsh. Gloss., *Club-tail, a stoat.
1875McCosh Scott. Philos. vii. 62 Cocked hats perched on powdered hair or wig with dangling *clubtie or pigtail.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 62 [The] *Club Tooth..[is] the form of tooth mostly used for lever escape wheels of foreign watches.
1886Outing (U.S.) IX. 19/1 The Mohawk was lying..with all after canvas set, even to her enormous *club top-sail.
1936G. M. Young Victorian Eng. xii. 77 The maypole had gone: the village feast and the *club-walk were going.
1874Hardy Madding Crowd ii. iii. 39 There were..more people all the week long than at Weatherbury *club-walking on White Tuesdays. 1891― Tess I. ii. 15 The May-Day dance..was to be discerned{ddd}in the guise of the club revel, or ‘club-walking’, as it was there called. 1899Daily News 23 May 2/3 The *club walkers of the country.
a1500Gloss. in Archæol. xxx. 405 *Clubbe-weed, Matfelon.
1888Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Apr. 57 The prices of No. 2 *Club wheat at Calcutta.
1777G. Forster Voy. round World II. 18 Their weapons were all made of the *club-wood, or casuarina.
1895S. Hale Lett. (1919) 294 She..is a ‘*club-woman’,—and she early secured me to ‘attend a meeting’ of her club. 1904Daily Chron. 8 Oct. 8/4 There is no fear that the English clubwoman will ever oust the home-loving woman from her place. 1962Punch 25 Apr. 637/1 My wife, a brand new club-woman with her subscription barely dry on my cheque⁓book counterfoil.
▸ colloq. (often humorous). join the club: (used to acknowledge that one shares the esp. unwelcome feeling or predicament just described) ‘me too’, ‘you're not the only one’.
1973P. O. Donnell Silver Mistress viii. 146 ‘Do you have the feeling that..you'll wake up at home any minute?’ ‘You too?.. Join the club.’ 1984San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 27 July c1 The explanation of how this little Formica heaven came to locate in a former plumbing warehouse in La Jolla comes from owner Giovanni Ronci. And if that name throws you, join the club. 1993S. Hutson Heathen (BNC) 251 ‘I'll tell you something, I'm scared and I don't mind admitting it.’ ‘Join the club’, Donna said flatly. 2001L. Rennison Knocked out by Nunga-Nungas 83 Ellen didn't know, she was in a state of confusiosity. Join the club, I say.
▸ club kid n. orig. and chiefly U.S. a young person who attends or belongs to a club; spec. one who frequents night clubs, esp. dressing and behaving in a provocative or extreme manner or style.
1985Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 18 Feb. 24 d, It was frustrating for the freshmen..who were starting to succeed individually, and then the *club kids came in. 1993Urb 7 July 47/1 Call the Club Kids... Their fashion—colorful and eclectic, glamorous to gruesome—affects what you wear as high fashion designers look to them for creative inspiration. 2001C. Glazebrook Madolescents 301 He's gone for the total NY Club Kid look, a spider's web sloppy top, latex pedal-pushers and stilettos.
▪ II. club, v.|klʌb|
[f. club n. (in branch I). The order of the senses from 3 onward is not satisfactorily traced: after the formation of the n. in branch III, the vb. and n. appear to have reacted upon each other so as to produce a network of uses, the mutual relations of which cannot be shown in any lineal order.]
1. trans. To beat with a club or as with a club; to knock down or kill with a club.
1593[see clubbing vbl. n.]. 1641Burroughs Moses his Choice 748 In the Originall it is, I beate my body black and blew, I club it downe. a1661B. Holyday Juvenal Sat. ix. 170 He'l..clubb my brains out. 1699Sir T. Morgan's Progr. France & Flanders in Somers Tracts (1751) III. 158 The strongest Soldiers and Officers clubbing them down. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 205 They fell to battering us with the stocks of their musquets, we despised this way of clubbing us. 1753W. Douglass Brit. Settlem. N. Amer. 280 People forceably turned them out of Possession of their Lands: this they call clubing them out. 1886Stevenson Dr. Jekyll (ed. 2) iv. 37 Mr. Hyde broke out of all bounds and clubbed him to the earth. 1887Spectator 4 June 760/1 The rioters clubbed the horses on the face.
2. to club a musket: to use the butt-end of it as a club. (Cf. club-musket in club n. 20.)
1808J. Barlow Columb. vii. 358 Reseize the musket bare, Club the broad breach, and headlong whirl to war. 1843Lever J. Hinton vi. (1878) 36 Muskets were clubbed or bayonets fixed. 1876Green Short Hist. viii. 540 The Royalist foot, after a single discharge, clubbed their muskets and fell on the centre under Fairfax.
3. To gather or form into a club-like mass; spec. to dress the hair into a club (cf. club n. 6).
1625[see clubbed 4]. 1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1798 The females..tie a lock of it on the crown, while a few, after our custom, club it behind. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 20 They..wore their hair clubbed, atop, Chinese fashion. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. X. xxi. iv. 28 He wears his hair..clubbed, and dressed with a high toupee.
4. To collect, gather together, or combine into one mass or body, to mass.
1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. Introd., Fain to club quotations with Men whose learning and belief lies in marginal stuffings. 1828E. Irving Last Days 137 The unholy church, which clubbeth certain into a religious world, and treateth the rest as if they were under the sentence of excommunication. 1883Manch. Exam. 24 Oct. 5/1 Clubbing together the contingents of these six counties. 1884Payn Thicker than Water xvi. 125 London which is equal to half a dozen great towns clubbed together.
5. intr. To form themselves into a club or mass.
1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, xli, The high renowne Of Citty's valours Clubb'd into his Den. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 87 Two such worlds must club together and become one. 1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 97 They could sensibly perceive them [i.e. the oblong particles] to gather together, and club to make greater bodies. 1862Johns Brit. Birds 350 At this season the old Black Cocks club together.
b. Of shot fired from a gun: To keep together in a mass or cluster instead of scattering. (Said also of the gun.)
1830Mech. Mag. XIII. 420 Clubbing or balling is supposed by many to occur only with cartridges..all guns are liable to club or cluster (which..is similar to firing several bullets or slugs).
6. trans. To conjoin, combine, or put together into a common stock, or to a common end.
1656S. Holland Zara (1719) 96 They saw the fish-finders corroborated in one lump, clubbing all their nets and strength to boot. 1656Beale Chess 1 Some of the most learned and experienced besiegers, meeting and clubbing their inventions together. 1697Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. ii. (1709) 81 How they should club their particular Informations into a common Idea, is inconceivable. 1700W. King Transactioneer 34 We club Notions, laying them up in a kind of Joynt-Stock. 1840Carlyle Heroes iv. (1858) 292 They clubbed their small means together.
7. intr. To combine together (or with others) in joint action; to combine as partners or as members of a club (sense 12).
1651Charleton Ephes. & Cimm. Matrons (1668) 60 Convinced of her impotency to club with him in the Act of procreation. 1652Brome Joviall Crew Ded., Fortune and Nature scarce ever club'd so well. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 44 Those two that clubb'd with Mahomet in making the Alchoran. 1704W. King Mully of Mountown, Oh! may thy codlins ever swim in Cream!.. Thy White-wine, Sugar, Milk, together club, To make that gentle viand Syllabub. 1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. ii. vi. 62 (Subtle Rebekkah) that club'd with her beloved Son Jacob, to Cheat..his own Father and Brother. 1767Franklin Lett. (1833) 104 Perhaps as in some other cases, different causes may club in producing the effect. 1829Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 914 They were endeavouring, by clubbing and caballing, to make themselves perpetual petty despots.
8. To combine in making up a sum (as the cost or expense of an entertainment, etc.) by a number of individual contributions; to go shares in the cost of anything. Const. with others, for an object.
1655R. Younge Agst. Drunkards 18 Who constantly clubs it, first for his mornings draught, secondly at Exchange time, thirdly at night when shops are shut in. 1662Pepys Diary 24 Nov., How he did endeavour to find out a nine⁓pence to club with me for the coach. 1677A. Yarranton Engl. Improv. 99 As I have club'd with you for Supper, so I pray let me club a little with you in Discourse. 1709Tatler No. 137 ⁋3 We resolved to club for a Coach. a1734North Lives II. 175 These Six-clerks clubbed and made a present to his lordship of {pstlg}1000. 1883A. Dobson Old World Idylls 20 Timorous cits on their pilgrimage Would ‘club’ for a ‘Guard’ to ride the stage.
b. to club together.
1840R. Dana Bef. Mast xxvi 87 Several of us clubbed together and bought a large piece of twilled cotton. 1860Adler Fauriel's Prov. Poetry v. 75 Other cities..clubbed together to support a professor in common. 1889Boy's Own Paper 10 Aug. 714/1 We..clubbed together to purchase an American clock.
9. trans. To contribute (as one's share) towards a common stock. Also absol.
1632Sherwood, To clubbe, mettre ou despendre à l'egual d'un autre. 1670R. Lassels Voy. Italy I Pref., Though yong men be not able to..clubb wit equally with these men. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1704) 341 Indeed every part of the Body seems to club and contribute to the seed. 1708Motteux Rabelais iv. xx. (1737) 87 Let every Man club his Penny towards it. 1743Blair Grave, And yet ne'er younker on the green laughs louder, Or clubs a smuttier tale. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xxiii, This scheme towards the execution of which my companion clubbed her wardrobe. 1831A. Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Admin. (1837) II. 173 At the public-house he would club his mite with others for a tune.
10. To make up, put together (a sum) by joint contributions.
a1764Lloyd Poems, Author's Apol., How Virgil, Horace, Ovid join, And club together half a line. 1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. I. ix. 143 They..clubbed up a comfortable maintenance for the prebendary's widow. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. ii. x. (1876) 257 Twenty-eight of these weavers..agreed to club together a small sum in order to purchase some tea and sugar from the wholesale shop.
b. To defray by a proportional charge upon each individual liable; as ‘to club the expense’.
11. Mil. (trans.) To throw (a body of soldiers) into a confused and disorganized mass. Also as a fig. expression to club the battalion: see quots.
1806Windham Speeches Parl. 3 Apr. (1812) II. 334 There is an expression known in the army, applicable to what happens sometimes under an unlucky field-officer, and is called ‘clubbing the battalion’. Ibid. 335 The Honourable Gentlemen..have completely ‘clubbed the battalion’. 1847Thackeray Burlesques, Phil. Fogarty ii, In one instant thirty thousand men were in inextricable confusion. ‘Clubbed, by Jabers!’ roared out Lanty Clancy. 1868Kinglake Crimea (1877) III. i. 116 The force, though clubbed and broken into clusters of men.
12. Naut. To drift down a current with an anchor out.
1850in Weale Dict. Terms; and mod. Dicts.
▸ intr. colloq. To visit or go to a nightclub or nightclubs, esp. to dance. Usu. in pres. pple., esp. in to go (out) clubbing. Cf. earlier clubbing n. and nightclub v.
1975New Rev. May 22/2 Took him ‘clubbing’ the first evening... ‘About four night-clubs.’ 1987Sunday Times 4 Oct. (Colour Suppl.) 102/3 If we're going out, we tend to go clubbing in Glasgow, which is where I'm from. 1992Daily Tel. 24 Mar. 4 We are not a glitzy duo who go out clubbing every night. 1995Alternative Press May 47/3 They were the first of the ‘baggy’ bands, combining rock and dance music into a new, sweaty whole that raved and clubbed and lived on Ecstasy. 2000Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 6 Aug. 11/2 Students, neds, lawyers, yuppies, they all go clubbing. |