| 释义 |
▪ I. clot, n.|klɒt|
Forms: 1–5 clot(t, 4–7 clotte, (3 clute, 3–5 clote), 3– clot.
[OE. clott, clot, corresp. to MHG. kloz, (klotzes), mod.Ger. klotz lump, block (of wood), pointing to WGer. klott-:—OTeut. *klutto- masc. or neuter. This word, of which few examples have come down to us from the earlier stages, is a weak-grade deriv. of the same root which has given Du. klos block, log, and cleat, OHG. chloz, Ger. klosz lump, wedge, ball, etc.; the pre-Teut. forms being *glud-ˈno-, glud-ˈto-, and ˈgloudo- respectively. See also clod.
The root *glud-, gleud-, appears to have been a derivative form of glu-, gleu-, ‘glomerare’: cf. clod, clew.]
1. gen. A mass, lump, rounded mass: esp. one formed by cohesion or congelation.
a1000Gloss in Haupt's Zeitschr. IX. 488 Massa, of clyne vel clottum. c1305Judas Iscariot 25 in E.E.P. (1862) 108 Þe see him [Judas] hurlede vp and doun as a liþer clot. 1387Trevisa Descr. Brit. (Caxton) 6 There the fyre slaketh hit chaungeth in to stone clottes. 1398― Barth. De P.R. xvi. xlvii. (Tollem. MS.), Clot [ed. 1495 clotte] is ordeynid of gaderynge of pouder in a clustre, for erþe bounde and clonge to gederes is a clot. a1400Pistel Susan 111 (Cott. MS.) The columbyne, þe caraway in clottys þey cleue. 1577Harrison England ii. xxiii. (1877) i. 352 The embers..congealed into clots of hard stone. 1598Stow Surv. (1754) I. i. vi. 31/1 Clots of gold. 1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 120 Marle..fetcht out of the ground in clots or lumps. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 189 Assa-Fœtida is a gum in great yellow Clots. 1855Card. Wiseman Fabiola 275 Crumbled like a clot of dust in his hands. 1887Hall Caine Deemster xxv. 161 A great clot of soil might give way above..him.
2. a. A semi-solid lump formed of coagulated or curdled liquid, or of melted material.
[1365Durh. Halmote Rolls (Surtees) 39 Ardebant clotes olei unde malus odor exiet.] 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 206 Whiche threwe..clottes of myre at hym. a1626Bacon (J.), The white of an egg, with spirit of wine, doth bake the egg into clots, as if it began to poch. 1834J. Forbes Laennec's Dis. Chest 63 He expectorated an immense clot of mucus. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 172 The clots which form..constitute the finest and most delicate butter.
b. spec. of blood.
1611Cotgr., Grumeau de sang, a clot, or clutter of congealed bloud. 1676R. Wiseman Surgery (J.), A clot of grumous blood. 1829Hood Eug. Aram xviii, For every clot a burning spot Was scorching in my brain. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 701 They filled a bowl of wine and cast in a clot of blood for each of them.
c. Hence the clot: that part of blood which turns solid, and separates from the serum or permanently liquid part.
1802A. Duncan Annals Med. I. Lustr. ii. 113 When the blood..has given out all the serum..the coagulated mass which swims in the middle, is known by the name of the Clot. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 15 That this ‘buffy coat’ is due to the fact that the blood-corpuscles subside in the liquor sanguinis during coagulation, leaving the upper portion of the clot colourless. 1881Mivart Cat 194 Sometimes the clot is of a lighter colour.
†3. A hardened lump of earth. In this sense still dialectal; in the literary language clod has taken its place. Obs.
a. with clay, earth, etc., expressed.
a1300Cursor M. 24026 (Cott.) O clai þai kest at him þe clote [v.r. clot, clott, clotte]. 1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle i. iv. (1859) 5 A clote of black erthe. 1535Coverdale Job xxviii. 6 Where y⊇ clottes of the earth are golde. 1647H. More Song of Soul i. iii. lxiv, He wox like earthly clot.
b. without qualification: = clod.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 856 Al-þaȝ oure corses in clottez clynge. c1475Hunt. Hare 91 Then euery man had a mall, Syche as thei betyn clottys withall. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §15 This harrowe is good to breake the greatte clottes. 1570Levins Manip. 176/23 A clot, gleba. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 107 Clottes from the faugh field. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. iv. §5 (1681) 45 It must be finely harrowed, and all Clots, Stones, Turfs, etc. picked away. 1876–88in Glossaries of Cumberland, Yorksh., N.W. Linc., Leicestersh., Berkshire, I. of Wight. 1876Mid Yorksh. Gloss., ‘As cold as a clot.’ 1877Holderness Gloss., Clot, a clod of earth..(‘clot of blood’ not used).
c. as collective singular, or as name of the substance: Cloddy earth or clay.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 320 Þy corse in clot mot calder k[l] eue. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xlvi. (1495) 568 Saphire stones the place thereof and clott [glebæ] therof is gold. 1568T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 60 Dead and cladde with clot of clay.
d. A clod with the grass on it; a sod.
1460Medulla Gram. in Promp. Parv. 83 Gleba est durus cespes cum herba, an harde klotte. 1483Cath. Angl. 68 A Clotte, cespis. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Clot, a clod, a sod.
4. fig. A dull fellow, a clod. Still dial. In modern colloq. use: a fool; a ‘chump’. (Often a mild, or even friendly, term of abuse.)
1632B. Jonson Magn. Lady i. i, Feats of fine understanding To abuse clots and clowns with. 1876Whitby Gloss., Clot, a clumsy fellow. 1942T. Rattigan Flare Path i. 97 Johnny, you clot! What about that beer you were going to get me? 1958J. Cannan And be a Villain vii. 166 Damn that clot of a detective. 1958P. Mortimer Daddy's gone A-Hunting xxi. 125 Jolly bad luck, what a clot she is. 1959M. Steen Woman in Back Seat ii. i. 192, I can't stand him! He's the most ghastly clot!
†5. A hill, or ? mound. Obs. rare.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 788 Þe hyl of Syon þat semly clot.
†6. ? The stump of a tree or plant. Obs. rare.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 53 Some of the Leafe some of the Clot, some of the Head, some of both.
7. Comb. clot-bird, -pate, -poll. Also clot-cold adj.; clot-head (dial.) = clot-pate; clot-moulder (see quot. 1921).
1843Civil Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. VI. 349/1 The clot moulders were dispensed with. 1878Cumbrld. Gloss., Clot-heed, a stupid person. 1888Sheffield Gloss. 45 A dead man is said to be clot-cold. 1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §119 Clot moulder;..prepares table and moulds for brick maker; works and forms lumps of clay (‘clot’) for his use.
▸ clot-buster n. Med. colloq. a substance (esp. a drug) that dissolves or breaks down blood clots; a thrombolytic agent.
1984San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 13 Nov. a7 The results of the first human experiment with this product of gene splicing show that it is a powerful *clot buster. 2000B. Rensberger Life Itself x. 208 Some of the newest drugs for treating heart attacks, incidentally, are the so-called clot busters, or thrombolytics.
▸ clot-busting adj. Med. colloq. that dissolves or breaks down blood clots; thrombolytic.
1984U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 30 Jan. 59/2 Still in the experimental stage, the *clot-busting drug has been given intravenously to about 20 patients within 24 hours of strokes. 2003Guardian 10 Jan. i. 14/7 The saliva of Desmodus rotundus, the blood-lapping..predator [sc. the vampire bat] that ranges from northern Mexico to Chile, contains a potent clot-busting substance.
▪ II. clot, v.|klɒt|
Forms: 5–6 clott(e, (6 clutt), 6– clot.
[f. clot n.1]
1. trans. To free (lands) from clods; absol. to crush clods. Still dial. Cf. clod v.
a1500Ortus Voc. in Promp. Parv. 83 Occo, glebas frangere, to clotte [Promp. Parv. MS. K c 1490 has cloddyn]. 1483Cath. Angl. 68 To Clotte, occare. 1549Latimer Serm. Plough Wks. I. 57 The ploughman..tilleth his land..harroweth it, and clotteth it. 1620Markham Farew. Husb. (1649) 35 Harrow it againe, clot it, smooth it. 1623Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons Introd. 44 To 37 women, 2 daies a piece, clotting the meddowes 00 18 06. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Clot, to break up the clods after harrowing, with a beetle or large mallet.
2. a. intr. To form (itself) into clots, lumps, or congealed masses. Cf. clod v. 3.
1530Palsgr. 488/1 This yerthe clotteth so faste that it muste be broken. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 212 The snow doth weary her and clot upon her hinder feet. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Brewing, Boiling hot liquor..will make the malt clot and cake together. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 80 The bed becomes uneasy by the feathers clotting together into hard knobs.
b. Of people: to come together or move in a crowd.
1932W. Faulkner Light in Aug. xiii. 273 So they moiled and clotted. 1943Koestler Arrival & Dep. 81 They..all clotted at the grate, trying to have a look. Ibid. 168 The people were clotting into groups, chattering excitedly.
3. Of fluids, as blood, cream, gravy: To coagulate, curdle, run into clots.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Engrumecer, to clot, to quar like cold blood. 1676Halley in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) I. 242 That sort of ink I find..very apt to clot in the pen. 1801Southey Thalaba ii. xvi, The blood not yet had clotted on his wound. 1886Mehalah 328 Bid her come at once before the gravy clots.
4. trans. To cause to cohere in clots; to mat with sticky matter; to cover with clots of dirt, etc.
1697C'tess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 35 His Hair was all clotted together. 1767Ess. in Ann. Reg. 182/2 Clotting his white hairs with dirt. 1829Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 77 The blood from his wounded ear..clotted the fingers of the robber. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xiv, A new blast storming at it, and clotting the wet hair.
5. intr. ‘To become gross’ (J.).
6. dial. (See quot.)
1878Cumbrld. Gloss., Clot, to throw clods, pelt with clods, etc. They clottit t' lasses wid apples.
7. dial. (See quot.) Cf. clat.
[1847–78Halliwell Cow-clatting, spreading manure on the fields.] 1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Clot, to scatter manure left by animals on grazing land. Clotting-fork, a fork for scattering manure left on grazing land.
▪ III. clot
see clout n. 8. |