| 释义 |
‖ cloaca|kləʊˈeɪkə|
Pl. -æ.
[L. cloāca, f. cluĕre to purge (Lewis and Short).]
1. An underground conduit for drainage, a common sewer.
1656Blount Glossogr., Cloaca (Lat), the Channel or Sink of a Towne. 1773Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 598 The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacæ. 1832Gell Pompeiana II. xiii. 17 The gutter which communicates with the cloaca.
b. A privy or water-closet.
1840Marryat Olla Podr. xxiv, To every house..a cloaca.
2. Phys. The common excrementory cavity at the end of the intestinal canal in birds, reptiles, most fishes, and the monotremate mammals.
1834Good Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 9 In birds the rectum at the termination of its canal forms an oval or elongated pouch..and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca. 1848Carpenter Anim. Phys., Serpents 79 The intestinal tube..passes backwards..to terminate in the cloaca. 1878Bell Gegenbauer's Comp. Anat. 161 A hind-gut is continued..to open into a cavity common to the openings of the excretory and sexual systems—the cloaca.
3. Path. A passage for morbid matter.
1846tr. Malgaigne's Man. Surgery 172 Across this shell [of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacæ (Weidmann). 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 352 Canals leading from gangrenous cavities to the surface are called cloacæ.
4. fig. A receptacle of moral filth; cf. sink.
1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. iv. (1872) 139 That tremendous Cloaca of Pauperism. 1879Blackw. Mag. Aug. 181 The Stock Exchange has been described..as the cloaca bearing with it all the refuse of mankind. |