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▪ I. clinker, n.1|ˈklɪŋkə(r)|
Also 7 (in sense 1) clincard, -art, -ar.
[17th c. ad. earlier Du. klinckaerd (Kilian), in mod.Du. and LG. klinker, f. klinken to sound, ring. The original suffix -ard has been weakened to -er both in Du. and Eng.]
1. A very hard kind of brick of a pale colour, made in Holland, and used for paving.
1641Evelyn Diary (1872) I. 26 That goodly aqueduct [at Amsterdam] so curiously wharfed with Klincard brick [earlier edd. clincars (a kind of white sun-baked brick)], which likewise paves the streets. 1662Gerbier Princ. 33 White or yellow (twice burnt) Flanders Bricks, in Dutch called Clinkart. 1663― Counsel 58 Clinkarts are very fit for the Paving of Stables. 1756M. Calderwood Jrnl. (1884) 63 This sort of bricks they call clinkers, and are as hard as any flint. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 187 In Holland, the streets are everywhere paved with a hard kind of bricks, known under the name of clinkers. 1842Gwilt Archit. 526 Dutch clinkers and Flemish bricks vary little in quality.
2. a. A brick whose surface has become vitrified by exposure to intense heat in the kiln or clamp. b. A mass of bricks fused by excessive heat, and adhering together.
1659T. Willsford Archit. 2 Those [bricks] next the fire are best burnt, and such as have naturally much Niter, or Salt-peter in them, with the violence of heat will run, as if glaz'd over for perpetuity: these some call Clinckers. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Brick, The best and most lasting are those that lie next the Fire, have a Gloss upon them, and are call'd Clinkers. 1842Gwilt Archit. 526 Burrs and clinkers are such bricks as have been violently burnt, or masses of several bricks run together in a clamp or kiln. 1881Mechanic 526 Filled up with rough stones, brick bats, clinkers from the brick fields.
3. A hard mass formed by the fusion of the earthy impurities of coal, lime-stone, iron ore, or the like, in a furnace or forge; a mass of slag.
1769Phil. Trans. LXI. 70 A kind of Clinker, extracted from the ashes of sea coal. 1778Antiq. in Ann. Reg. 151/2 The cinders or clinkers produced in a lime-kiln. 1817Pettigrew Mem. Lettsom II. 263 Like the clinkers or slag..left in the distiller's and brewer's furnaces. 1854Chamb. Jrnl. I. 201 A kind of coal which does not produce clinkers—that is, large cinders. 1877N.W. Lincolnsh. Gloss., Clinkers, iron slag used for mending highways.
4. A mass of hardened volcanic lava.
1850Dana Geol. iii. 162 Lava and scoria in immense masses, piled together in the utmost confusion. They are styled clinkers or clinker fields. 1862― Man. Geol. 694 The hardened crust breaks up like ice on a pond, but makes black and rough cakes and blocks 100 to 10,000 cubic feet in size, which lie piled together over acres or square miles. Such masses are..called clinkers. 1880Q. Rev. Jan. 227 The tents had been pitched among masses of clinkers.
5. a. A scale of oxide of iron formed in forging.
b. A red powder used to polish steel.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 220 The coarsest [red stuff] known as ‘Clinker’, is used for giving a surface to steel after it is tempererd.
6. Comb., as clinker asphalt, clinker concrete, clinker-field, clinker-hill, etc.; clinker-bar (see quot.).
1954Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.) 32 Clinker asphalt, a wearing course consisting of rolled asphalt in which the principal aggregate is clinker.
1850Weale Techn. Dict., Clinker-bar, in steam-engines, the bar fixed across the top of the ash-pit for supporting the rods used for clearing the fire-bars.
1930Engineering 11 July 41/3 Breeze and clinker concrete.
1850Dana Geol. iii. 163 note, The pahoihoi regions of Hawaii are often more extensive than the associated clinker-fields.
1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Clinker-hills, high heaps of iron dross cinders.
▪ II. ˈclinker, n.2
[f. clink v.1 + -er.]
1. He who or that which clinks.
2. spec.
a. pl. Fetters (slang).
b. A kind of West Indian cricket: see quot.
c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Clinkers, the Irons Felons wear in Gaols. 1750G. Hughes Barbadoes 86 The Clinker, or Gully-Bell..is of the Cricket kind, and derives its name from the tinkling noise it makes at night.
c. U.S. slang. In music, a wrong note, a discord.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §578/5 Discord,..clinker. 1946Mezzrow & Wolfe Really the Blues 369 Listen to..Mezzrow's clinkers on the clarinet. 1956M. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) xvii. 202 The individual musicians were always hitting ‘clinkers’ or wrong notes.
3. Comb. clinker-bell, dial.
1847–78Halliwell, Clinker-bell, an icicle. 1888G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sk. in Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Jack Vrost an' the clinker-bells all be a-past.
▸ slang (orig. Baseball and chiefly U.S.). An error; a failure, a ‘dud’; esp. a film, song, etc., of poor quality. Also (occas.): an incompetent or unsuitable person.
1934Sporting News Record Bk. 21 Clinker, error. 1952N.Y. Herald Tribune 29 Oct. 25/1 For an actor who's committed a horrible clinker: ‘You looked great in the rushes.’ 1968Washington Daily News 8 Mar. 68/1 Washington's Bill Bryon, a catcher getting that one extra chance, was the woebegone clinker yesterday in the exhibition opener against the New York Yankees. 1977Zigzag June 36/1 The recent ‘Certified Live’ double..seemed to sum him up, with its several excellent moments counterbalanced by a mass of ordinariness and a few real clinkers. 1983N.Y. Times 25 Dec. xi. 16/5 Peer pressure combines with our fear of being wimpishly irrelevant to prompt most of us to include a few real clinkers in our otherwise carefully considered presents. 2003Observer 2 Feb. (Review section) 7/3 The directorial debut of Bob Dolman, The Banger Sisters, is no better than two major clinkers he worked on as a screenwriter.
▪ III. ˈclinker, n.3
[f. clink v.2 + -er.]
1. He who or that which clinches; a clincher.
1656S. Holland Zara 46 Whether Orlando Smith or Oswald, Clinker.
2. fig.
a. A clenching statement, etc.; a clencher.
1733Swift Life & Char. Dean S—t., A protestant's a special clinker, It serves for Sceptic and freethinker. 1886S.W. Lincolnsh. Gloss. (E.D.S.), Clinker, a clincher, or clencher. I gave him a clinker (i.e. a convincing argument).
b. A ‘clinking’ good thing: applied to persons, animals, and things of first-rate quality. slang (orig. Sporting; cf. clinking ppl. a. 2).
1836Spirit of Times 27 Feb. 13/2 It would just take him to beat any thing that Col. Johnson can start. He is a clinker, I tell you. 1869Daily Tel. 5 Apr. 2/4 Despite the indifferent manner in which Vagabond cut up at the finish of the Metropolitan, quite sufficient was seen of him to prove that at a mile and a half he is a ‘clinker’. 1873J. Wisden Cricket & how to play It (ed. 2) 43 A clinker from Wootton bothered and bowled Mr. Ottaway. 1888‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms i. vi. 81 By George! how fond I am of a good horse—a real well-bred clinker. 1913C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. ii. ii. 165 ‘She was a clinker,’ Alan regretted. ‘I don't suppose we shall ever see a girl half as pretty,’ Michael thought. 1936W. Holtby South Riding ii. i. 91 By God she could ride. A clinker across country.
3. A clinch-nail.
1881G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Clinker, a nail used by shoemakers for protecting the toes of heavy boots. 1888Sheffield Gloss., Clinker, a strong nail for shoes.
¶ In the two following there is probably a mixture of associations with clinker2, and perh. clinker1.
4. A smart sharp blow. dial. and colloq.
a1863Thackeray Mr. & Mrs. Berry i, Berry..delivers a clinker on the gown-boy's jaw. 1879in Shropsh. Word-bk. 1883in Hampsh. Gloss. 1887S. Chesh. Gloss., Clinker, a smart blow, generally on the head.
5. slang. (see quot.) (?) Obs.
c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Clinker, a crafty Fellow. 1725so in New Cant. Dict. 1736in Bailey (folio).
6. Comb. clinker-built a.: applied to ships and boats, the external planks of which overlap each other below, and are fastened together with clinched copper nails: now practised only with small craft. Hence clinker is used in many combinations, sometimes becoming almost adjectival: cf. clincher.
1769Clinker-built [see clincher 6]. 1804Hull Advertiser 21 Jan. 2/3 A boat about fourteen feet long, and six feet wide, clinker built. 1837J. Macculloch Proofs Attrib. God III. 282 The lines on a clinker built vessel..possess a grace or beauty to which no one is insensible. 1883St. James's Gaz. 9 Nov., These old Yorkshiremen are now nearly the only clinker-built vessels of any size left.
1592Wills & Inv. N.C. (1835) 252 To my wiffe my clinkere lightner, with all her geare. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. 181 The clinker arrangement was prevalent..until it was superseded by the now almost universal mode of plating. 1887Daily News 18 Oct. 2/5 The following fixtures were arranged..the University Clinker Fours.
▪ IV. † ˈclinker, v.1 Obs.
[? freq. or dim. of cling; cf. hang, hanker.]
To cause to shrink or shrivel up.
1582Batman On Barthol. xi. iii. 159 Hee [the Nth wind]..maketh the bodies on earth rough, and clinkereth with his coldnesse and drynesse, and maketh sinewes to be constrained. [But the word might be an error for ]
▪ V. clinker, v.2|ˈklɪŋkə(r)|
[f. clinker n.1]
a. To form a clinker in burning.
b. To remove clinkers from (a furnace). Hence ˈclinkered ppl. a., ˈclinkering vbl. n.; ˈclinkerer.
1866Pall Mall G. No. 386. 1453/2 A piece of clinkered coke. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. s.v., Coals are said to clinker when they cake firmly together in burning. 1901Feilden's Mag. IV. 437/1 Long iron bars or clinkering tools. Ibid. 439/1 So that no rush of cold air may take place through the flues while clinkering is going on. Ibid. 439/2 The labour of stoking and clinkering the furnaces. 1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §699 Clinker man (gas works), water gas clinkerer; removes clinker and ashes from producer gas furnace with long iron bar. 1926Spectator 29 May 901/1 At the end of the journey it was found that no clinkering had taken place.
▪ VI. ˈclinker, v.3
[f. clinker n.3]
trans. To secure or strengthen with clinkers. ˈclinkered ppl. a., (shoes) studded with nails, ironed.
1824Heber Narrative (1828) I. 169 A number of canoes..many of them..like those which I have lately seen, clinkered. 1858E. Waugh Chirrup, Young Chirrup donn'd his clinker't shoon. Mod. Newspr., [Rustics] trampling with their clinkered boots over delicate marble slabs. |