| 释义 |
▪ I. sike, syke, n.1 north. and Sc.|saɪk|
Forms: α. 4– syke, 6 sy(c)k, 9 seyke. β. 7– sike, 8–9 sick (9 saik).
[The northern form repr. OE. síc sitch. Cf. On. sík, Icel. síki, Norw. sik, sike, Da. sig (MDa. siig, sige), in the same sense.]
1. A small stream of water, a rill or streamlet, esp. one flowing through flat or marshy ground, and often dry in summer; a ditch or channel through which a tiny stream flows.
In former times freq. used as a boundary between lands, fields, etc. (cf. sense 2).[c1169in Dugdale Monast. Angl. (1830) VI. 236 Ex alia parte nigræ quercus, usque ad sicam Polterkeved, quæ cadit in Ring. a1214Liber de Melros I. 78 Usque ad primum sicum ex aquilonali parte de Lilisyhates.] αc1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8165 Sykes do ȝe graue & groupe, Þe water þer-inne men schal scoupe. 1375Barbour Bruce xi. 300 The sykis alswa thair doune Sall put thame to confusioune. c1425Cast. Persev. 427 in Macro Plays, Myth I ryde be sompe & syke,..certis þanne schulde I be fryke. c1480Henryson Fables, Trial Fox xxxvi, To fetche watter this fraudfull foxe furth fure, Sydelingis abak he socht vnto ane syke. 1573Nott. Rec. IV. 152 Stakyng of serteyne plankes in the medowes ouer serteyne syckes. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scotl. I. 145 Ouir dykes and dubis, sykes and seuches thay sould spang and leip. 1664–5Act 16–17 Chas. II, c. 11 §1 Forty Acres..in..Thurlby Fenn..are to be left for Lakes and Sykes for the receipt of Waters. 1726C. Threlkeld Stirp. Hibern. 138 Marsh Marygold..in the small Sykes or watery Plashes of moist Meadows..copiously. 1818Scott Lett. II. 4 My lake is but a millpond, my brooks but sykes. a1849H. Coleridge Poems (1850) II. 192 He prized the stream that turned the wealthiest mills Less than the syke that trickles down the fell. 1889Raine Hist. Hemingborough 165 Fenny ground traversed by sykes and ditches.
attrib.1719Min. Baron Crt. Stitchill (S.H.S.) 180 Ground carrying grass tho' never so coarse, such as that called Syke grass.
β1611N. Riding Rec. (1884) I. 219 The passage at Nolet⁓bridge sike..is decayed and many times very dangerous. 1674Ray N.C. Words 41 A Sike: a little Rivulet. 1787Grose Prov. Gloss., Sick, a small stream or rill. 1811Willan in Archaeologia XVII. 157 Bor-sike, the name of a place, signifies the cottage by the sike. 1831Hodgson in Raine Mem. (1858) II. 221 The bed of a sike that runs in the direction of the road. 1896T. Blashill Sutton-in-Holderness 13 Certain low marshy channels called ‘sikes’.
b. A gully; a dip or hollow.
1859W. White Northumbld. & Border 363 On one of the slopes, a syke—that is a gully—was pointed out to me. 1884N. & Q. 6th Ser. X. 455/1 In Yorkshire syke is understood to be a dip in the ground.
†2. A stretch of meadow; a field. Obs. rare.
1479Priory of Hexham (Surtees) II. 6 Idem t[enet] ij sykes prati,..Adam del Hyll t[enet] j syk, et r. p. a. ij d. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 38 The Mount-Sikes is 5 dayworkes, and had in it..seaven score and two grasse cockes..; the waine-way into this close is att the gate a little within the gate of the Greate-Sikes. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 331 A Sike, a Quillet or Furrow.
▪ II. sike, n.2 Now dial.
Forms: 3 sic, 3–4 sik, 3–5, 9 sike; 4–5 syk(e, 9 dial. soik.
[var. of siche n. Cf. Fris. sike a breath.]
A sigh.
a1225Ancr. R. 284 Ȝif eni is þet naueð nout þe heorte þus afeited, mid seoruhfule sikes..grede on ure Louerd. c1310in Wright Lyric P. xxxii. 92 Ich have siked moni syk, lemmon, for thin ore. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 801 With a sik she sorwfully answerde. c1386― Frankl. T. 136 Thanne wolde she sitte adoun..And seyn right thus, with sorweful sikes colde. 14..Hoccleve Minor P. xxii. 364 Vp he threew an heuy syk, And hire awook. 1878N. & Q. 5th Ser. IX. 396 Her give a great sike, and then died. 1885Brierley Ab-o'th-Yate Yankeeland ii. (E.D.D.), A good soik of relief.
†b. Without article: Sighing. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1239 Ðor sat his moder in sik and sor. c1310in Wright Lyric P. xi. 40 Me thuncheth min herte wol breke a two, for sorewe ant syke. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxix. 61 Wiþ syk and serwe..Heo souhte wher heo mihte wiþ him mete.
▪ III. sike, v. Now dial.|saɪk|
Forms: α. 3–4 siken, 4–5 sikyn; 3– sike (5 siȝke), 9 dial. soik; 5–9 sick (9 dial. sic). β. 3 syken, 4– syke (4 zyke).
[var. of siche v. Cf. MDu. versiken to sigh, Fris. sykje to draw breath.]
1. intr. To sigh.
αc1175Lamb. Hom. 43 Summe of þan monne sare wepeð... Summe þer graninde sikeð. a1225Ancr. R. 32 Alle monne sores setteð in ower þouhte, & sikeð to vre Louerd. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 122 Seint Thomas wep In is heorte, and sore bi-gan to sike. a1320Sir Tristr. 2621 Tristrem..sikeþ, for soþe to sain, Wiþ sorwe and michel pain. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1165 Dido, She siketh soore, and gan hire selfe turmente. 1423Jas. I Kingis Q. xliv, Gif ȝe be warldly wight, that dooth me sike. c1450Pride of Life 163 (Brandl), Þou nast no nede to sike sore. 1864Ramsbottom Lanc. Rhymes 17 His mother, eh, Lord! heaw hoo soikt. 1889T. Pinnock Black Country Ann. 67 (E.D.D.), We chaps cast..eyes on the ground an' we siked.
βc1250Owl & Night. (J.) 1352 Þat heo vor summe sottes lore Þe yorne bit and sykeþ sore. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xxix. 85, I syke when y singe, for sorewe that y se. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xix. 16 ‘Now, certes,’ ich seide and sykede for ioye. c1430Syr. Gener. 1046 Priuelie than he gan to syke. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 23 He was seyn often..sykyng alow in his breste as a manne slepyng had wepte. 1515Scottish Field 388 in Chetham Misc. (1856), His servauntes they maie syke, and sorowe for his sake.
b. dial. To sob or cry.
1841Hartshorne Salop. Antiq. Gloss., Sike, to cry, lament, sob. 1851Sternberg Northampt. Dial., Sike, to cry, sob, or violently bewail.
†2. trans. To emit or give (a sigh). Obs.—1
c1310in Wright Lyric P. xxxii. 92 Ich have siked moni syk, lemmon, for thin ore.
▪ IV. sike
var. sic a., sick a. and v. |