| 释义 |
▪ I. siege, n.|siːdʒ|
Forms: 3–7 sege (5 cege, seche), 4–5 segh(e; 4 seeg, 6–7 seege, seage, 6 saige; 4–5 sige, 5– siege, 5–6 syege, 5–8 seige; 5 sedche, 6 sedge, syedge, 7 seidg(e, si(e)dge, segge.
[a. OF. sege, seige, siege (mod.F. siège):—pop. L. *sĕdicum, f. *sĕdem (L. sēdem, sēdes) seat. Hence also MDu. siege, siegye, siedse seat, siege.]
I.
1. †a. A seat, esp. one used by a person of rank or distinction. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 238 Þeos sege & teos seoue crunen haueð þi diciple þeos ilke niht of earned. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 228 Seue taperes weren in þe queor..And foure-and-twenti segene;..And þe Abbodes sege was a-midde þe queor. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 93 ‘Oure syre syttes,’ he says, ‘on sege so hyȝe’. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 221 Þerynne is..dyuers oute goynges, benches, and seges [L. sedilia] all aboute. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 3259 He..ledde hym to his tente,..And in his real seege and his chaiere As blyue hym sette. 1470–85Malory Arthur iii. ii. 101 The Bisshop..blessid the syeges with grete Royalte..and there sette the viij and xx knyghtes in her syeges. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 153 The scribe in writing..Sitting in his siege acloyde with couetise. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ii. 39 Guyon..From lofty siege began these words aloud to sound. 1614Lodge Seneca 148 The sieges in a Theater ordained for Knights, appertaine to all Knights of Rome. a1616B. Jonson Masque Oberon 213 note, The Knights masquers sitting in their severall sieges.
fig.1604Shakes. Oth. i. ii. 22, I fetch my life and being, From Men of Royall Seige.
†b. An ecclesiastical see. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2813 Change worþ of bissopriches & þe digne sege iwis Worþ ybroȝt to kaunterbury, þat at londone nou is. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7760 He sente to Rome, to seint Romeyn,..He kepte þe sege of the apostoylle. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints ii. (Paul) 398 Quhen pape cornel þe sege of rowme gouernyt wele. c1400Apol. Loll. 50 So þat ani þing be askid for bischoppis, abbots, or oþer personis, to be putt in þer segis. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 21 The kirk of Alexandrye..said that sanct Petir maid his sege thare and his charter. 1547Bk. of Marchauntes c vj, A woman which held and possessed the pontifical syedge two yeres. 1579Fenton Guicciard. ix. (1599) 367 A day wherein..are offered the tributes which are due to the seege Apostolike.
†c. Sc. A bench or form; a class. Obs.
1560Bk. Discipline in Knox Hist. Ref. (Wodrow) II. 213 In the first Colledge..of the Vniversitie thair be four classes or saigeis. a1614J. Melvill Diary (Wodrow) 69 Upon this premonition he continowes halff a yeir as guid a bern as was in the seage.
†d. A class or category. Obs.—1
1630R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 109 Wee shall first proceed with such as follow, being ranked in the same siedge, because recreations of the same nature.
e. Siege Perilous: the vacant seat at King Arthur's Round Table which could be occupied without peril only by the Knight destined to achieve the Grail. Also fig.
[c1230La Queste del Saint Graal (1967) 4 Et einsi alerent tant qu'il vindrent au grant siege que len apeloit le Siege Perilleux. Ibid. 7 Tuit li compaignon de la Table Reonde furent venu et li siege aempli, fors seulement cil que len apeloit le Siege Perilleus.] c1470Malory Works (1967) I. 102 But in the Sege Perelous there shall nevir man sitte but one, and yf there be ony so hardy to do hit he shall be destroyed, and he that shall sitte therein shall have no felowe. 1870Tennyson Holy Grail 43 There stood a vacant chair... And Merlin call'd it ‘The Siege perilous’, Perilous for good and ill. 1922J. Buchan Huntingtower xiii. 256 There in a coign of the old battlements he would prove an ugly customer to the pursuit. Only one at a time could reach that siege perilous. 1959P. Le Gentil in R. S. Loomis Arthurian Lit. in Middle Ages xix. 261 Three scenes, the fateful occupation of the Siege Perilous and the two visits to the Grail castle, constitute the main pattern.
2.
†a. A place in which one has his seat or residence; a seat of rule, empire, etc. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. pr. iv. (1868) 13 Is þis þe librarie wyche þat þou haddest chosen for a ryȝt certeyne sege to þe in myne house. c1400Mandeville (1839) xix. 211 In that Cytee was the firste Sege of the Kyng of Mancy. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 194/2 He ordeyned and Instytuted Parys to be the chyef syege of the royame. 1592Warner Alb. Eng. viii. xliii. 206 He [Constantine] made his siege Bizantium, that retaines his name ere since. 1630R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 138 They may be fitly compared to the Hedge-hogge, who hath two holes in his siedge: one towards the South, another towards the North.
fig.1566Painter Pal. Pleas. i. 56 He fixed her so fast in the siege of his remembraunce, as if he had been a yonge man. 1591Lodge Catharos vi. 56 The braine, which according to some Philosophers is the siege of humane seed.
†b. The place in which a thing is set, or on which a ship lies. Obs. rare.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 2183 Þe dore..fleȝ Out of þe Hokes & fram hir sege x. vet y-mete wel neȝ. 15..Ship Laws in Balfour's Pract. (1774) 622 (Jam.), Gif the ship be on ane hard saige, the master sould gar the shipman amend it incontinent, that the ship tak na skaith.
c. The station of a heron on the watch for prey. Hence, a group or flock of herons.
A siege of herons is included in most of the old lists of ‘companies of beasts and fowls’.
c1452in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1909) iii. 51 Sege of Betowrys. Sege of hayrynnys. Sege vnto a Castelle. 1575Turberv. Faulconrie 113 Having found the Hearon at siege you must get you with your Falcon up into some high place. 1633Massinger Guardian i. i, A hearn put from her siege..shall mount So high [etc.]. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1677) 205 If you finde a wild Hern at Siege. 1801J. Strutt Sports & Pastimes i. ii. 28 A sege of herons, and of bitterns. 1937J. W. Day Sporting Adventure 106 They [sc. herons] are about in pairs instead of the ‘sieges’ of half a dozen or more which one met only a month ago fishing on the tide line. 1977Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 5 June 3/2 A siege of herons flying home against a sunset sky.
†3.
a. A privy. Also to go to siege, to go to stool, to ease oneself. Obs.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 12 (Add. MS.), Ȝif he may noȝt go to sege onys a day, helpe hym þereto oþere wit clysterye, oþere with suppositorye. c1440Alph. Tales 122 Þis clerk..slew þaim bothe, & cut þaim in pecis & keste þaim in a sege. 1544T. Phaer Pestilence (1553) O j b, He ought euery day to goe to siege once. 1555Bp. Bonner Prof. & Necess. Doctrine U j, Dooe they passe into the seage from us as other meates doe?
b. Evacuation. Obs.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 954 in Babees Bk., Aftur slepe and sege, honeste will not hit denay. 1539Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 55 b, If he which oftentymes unconstrayned hath had great sieges, be sodeynly stopped. 1578Lyte Dodoens 574 The juyce of the wilde Letuce..scoureth by siege the waterie humours. 1605Timme Quersit. i. v. 19 The philosophicall salt is of greatest virtue and force to purge:..whether it bee the belly, by siege;..or the body, by sweate. 1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 244 Clogging medicines..are..carryed off by seidge. 1700T. Brown tr. Fresney's Amusem. 97 The Patient should swallow as much Aqua Fortis, as would dissolve the Knife.., and bring it away by Seige.
c. Excrement, ordure. Obs.
1515Barclay Egloges ii. Wks. (1570) B iv, The lordes siege & rurall mens ordure Be like of Sauour. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 3 Make pillets thereof..and put that into the bodye; the same retayneth the sege. a1610Healey Theophrastus (1636) 72 Then he tels you that his Sieges were blacker then broth. 1662J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 183 Less is discussed out of us, with a small and more hard siege or excrement.
d. Comb., as siege-hole, siege-house. Obs.
1440Coventry Leet Bk. 194 The sege houses in þe West⁓orcherd were graunte to hym. 1477–9Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 87 For clensyng of the Sege holis, xviij d. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 170 b, A segehouse wold be vnder the open aire betwene two wallis. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. l. 353 It is hid in a..Siege-house or Jakes, where people Seldome come.
†4. The anus or rectum. Obs.
1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 5 The same refrayne the vp braythinge into the head and driue downward to the siege. 1578Lyte Dodoens 37 It helpeth..the inflammation of the eyes, and fundament or siege. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 144, I beheld them excluded by the passage of generation, near the orifice of the seidge. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. v. Wks. 1851 III. 213 His body was diseas'd in his youth with a great soreness in the Siege.
5. techn.
a. The floor of a glass-furnace.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 577 The central space is occupied by the grate-bars; and on either side is the platform or fire⁓brick siege. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 136 The rocky crust of clay left by the old pot on the furnace siege.
b. A hewer's table or bench.
1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. (1858) 329 To roll up a large stone to the sort of block-bench, or siege, as it is technically termed, on which the mass had to be hewn.
II.
6. a. The action, on the part of an army, of investing a town, castle, etc., in order to cut off all outside communication and in the end to reduce or take it; an investment, beleaguering. Also const. of. Also transf. and fig.
In early use sometimes approaching the concrete sense of ‘investing force’. For the phrases to lay and to raise a siege see lay v.1 19 and raise v.1 29.
a1300Cursor M. 7070 Her-of thar naman be in were, For⁓qui þe sege lasted ten yeire. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1909 Ariadne, Nysus doughtyr stod vp-on the wal, And of the sege saw the maner al. 1415Hoccleve Min. Poems ii. 197 Rede the storie of Lancelot de Lake,..The seege of Troie or Thebes. c1489Caxton Blanchardyn lii. 200 He was not seen of theym that were atte the syege. 1515Scot. Field 48 in Chetham Misc. II, Now leve we our king lying at the sedge. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 42 After many battels and sundry sieges, he subdueth them. 1609Dekker Peace is Broken Wks. (Grosart) IV. 165 So many troubles..following both the armies (by meanes of the tedious Siege). 1653Holcroft Procopius, Goth. Wars i. 12 Why fear you this seige.., secured by these walls and souldiers? a1738Swift Hen. I, Wks. 1768 IV. 275 In hopes to draw the enemy from the siege of so important a place. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1851) I. 237/1 He returned to the siege of Chalcedon. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iii. x, We must..instant pray our Sovereign Liege, To shun the perils of a siege. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. (ed. 3) 383/2 The penetrating power of the arms which would now be used at a siege is far greater than it used to be. 1911Times 5 Jan. 6/2 (heading) Foreign opinion on the Stepney siege. 1980Daily Tel. 5 June 8/6 Police forced their way into a flat..after a man had barricaded himself in... During the two-hour siege the man's wife sustained a broken nose.
fig.c1600Shakes. Sonn. lxv, O how shall summers hunny breath hold out Against the wrackfull siedge of battring dayes. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl D j b, Ile lay hard siege to her. 1644Digby Nat. Bodies iv. §4. 29 So that noe part of the body..be free from the siege of the dense body that presseth it. c1700Dryden Theo. & Hon. 33 Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 93 ⁋3 Interest and passion will hold out long against the closest siege of diagrams and syllogisms.
b. Without article. to lay siege to: see lay v.1 19.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vii. (Jacob) 443 To Ierusaleme..[he] com..& gret sege gert till It lay. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxix. 38 Sone Sire Rollo wiþ his Route Bi-sette þat Citee wiþ sege a-boute. 1436Hen. VI in Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., Var. Coll. IV. 199 Kyng Edward..lay at sege at the seid towne. 1513Wriothesley Chron. (Camden) I. 9 The King of England that tyme lyenge at seege before Turney in France. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 5 That castle to assaile..And lay strong siege about it. 1673Temple United Prov. Wks. 1720 I. 26 He took the Place, after three Years Siege. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. xvi, If my Liege May win yon walls by storm or siege. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 415 Since the king declared Paris in a state of siege. 1873H. E. H. King Disciples, Ugo Bassi vii. (1877) 258 Though choleric at times, Still a good ruler for a state of siege.
c. A period of illness, struggle, or difficulty. U.S.
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxvi, From this [work] we escaped, having had a pretty good siege with the wooding. 1898E. C. Hall Aunt Jane 9 She was as pale and peaked as if she had been through a siege of typhoid. 1929Randolph (W.Va.) Enterprise 11 Apr. 1/1 The..Literary Society had another heavy siege Tuesday night of this week. 1952R. Chandler Let. 31 July (1966) 27 She is weakened by a long siege of bronchitis. 1975Publishers Weekly 11 Aug. 113/1 After her own siege with breast cancer, the author consulted with other victims.
7. attrib. and Comb., chiefly designating apparatus, etc., used in carrying out a siege, as siege-artillery, siege-carriage, siege-gun, siege-machine, siege-park, etc.; also siege-craft, siege-day, † siege-garland, siege-operations, siege-ward; (in transf. senses) siege action, siege tactics.
1977Evening Post (Nottingham) 24 Jan. 5/8 The threat to car jobs in the Midlands grew today as delivery drivers began another week of ‘*siege action’ at three big Leyland factories.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. iv. iv, Fire and thunder of *siege and field artillery. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 625 Siege-artillery, the ordnance..used for overpowering the fire and destroying the defences of a fortified place.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2175/1 It is mounted on a *siege-carriage, and forms part of the train of an army.
1898Athenæum 29 Oct. 603/1 There is..a treatise on *siegecraft in the Vatican Library.
1884Mil. Engin. I. ii. 17 Separate intermediate depôts..containing the necessary supplies for a ‘*siege day’.
1601Holland Pliny I. 116 The same was called also an Obsidionall coronet or *siege-garland.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Siege-gun, a heavy gun..used to batter down or effect a breach in an enemy's wall. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2175/2 Siege-gun carriages differ from those of ordinary field-pieces in being stronger and heavier.
1852Grote Greece ii. lxxxii. X. 621 Having provided himself with fresh *siege-machines.
1862Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xii. ii. III. 194 There ensured a ringing frost;—not favourable for *Siege-operations.
1870Pall Mall G. 13 Oct. 11 If..the German *siege-park is composed of some four or five hundred guns. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v. Park, A siege park comprises the guns collected together at the commencement of the investment of a fortress.
1977P. Hill Fanatics 109 Those two have been trained in *siege tactics.
1859G. R. Gleig Life Wellington xviii, He had no *siege-train at hand, nor any other means wherewith to approach the place in regular form. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. (ed. 3) 384 Siege Train, the men, guns, and material collected together for the conduct of a siege.
Ibid., *Siege Wagon, a general service wagon fitted with movable trays for shot and shell.
c1450Lovelich Grail xiii. 353 They..sien there Tholome..That Comeng was tho to the *segeward.
1879Man. Artill. Exerc. 135 Five-feet *siege wheels with metal naves.
1888Century Mag. Sept. 660/1 Pope..surrounded the place by *siege-works in which he could protect his men.
b. siege economy, an economic situation in which the availability of imported goods is severely restricted by import controls and the export of capital is curtailed; siege mentality, a defensive or paranoid attitude of mind based on an assumption of hostility in others.
1962S. E. Finer Man on Horseback vii. 92 By 1940 the parties had been dissolved, the zaibitsu harnessed to a siege economy. 1979H. S. Kent In on Act xii. 131 The phrase ‘siege economy’ is sometimes used today to conjure up a last desperate plight in which, under the protection of high tariff walls, we would try to grow our own food, labour grimly in our mines and make the things we needed most; and so control our foreign trade as to bring in the additional supplies that we could not do without.
1969J. L. McKenzie Roman Catholic Church iii. iv. 222 This revival could not have come about without relaxation of the ‘siege mentality’. 1976Deb. Senate Canada 8 Mar. 11590/2 With the growing siege mentality in the suburbs of our major urban areas, the people know that crime is not under control.
▪ II. siege, v.|siːdʒ|
Forms: 4–5 (6 Sc.) sege, 5 seyge, 5 (6–7 Sc.) seige, 6 Sc. saige, 4– siege; 6 sedge, 6–7 siedge.
[f. prec., or aphetic f. assiege v.]
1. trans. To besiege, beleaguer, lay siege to.
13..K. Alis. 2667 (Laud MS.), Quyklich to Tebe toun Hij wenten & seged it enviroun. 1390Gower Conf. I. 348 Anon this Cite was withoute Belein and sieged al aboute. c1440Alph. Tales 226 Þer was..neuer cetie þat he segid bod he wan it. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 1662 The cuntre rais, quhen thai herd off sic thing, To sege Dowglace. 1515Scot. Field 23 in Chetham Misc. II, Then our king..Saith ‘I will sedge it aboute, within this seaven daies’. 1549Compl. Scot. 89 The kyng of France vas past ouer the alpes to seige paue. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 165 There plant thy Cannon, siedge her round about, Be sure (my Boy) she cannot long hold out. 1637Heywood Dial. iii. Wks. 1874 VI. 141 Great Babylon, Mighty in walls, I sieg'd, and seised on. 1762Gentl. Mag. XXXIII. 333/1 'Tis not for me our arduous toils to shew; Nor tell 'midst dangers how we sieg'd the foe. 1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. iv, They sieg'd him a whole summer night. 1893Nat. Obs. 7 Jan. 184/2 He lived in the Castle when the French sieged it.
†2. To place; to seat (oneself). Obs. rare.
c1425Wyntoun Orig. Cron. iii. ix. 1086 Qwhar euir þat stane ȝe segit se, Þar sal þe Scottis be regnande. 1594R. C[arew] Godfr. Bulloigne (1881) 74 Part on the right, part on the left this band Siedgeth it selfe, their wreakfull king before. Pluto sits in the mids.
Hence sieged |siːdʒd| ppl. a.
1567Golding Ovid's Met. v. (1593) 125 A chil-cold swet my sieged limmes opprest. 1592W. Wyrley Armorie 140 These two could not agree, which he should part To sucker sieged frends. c1611Chapman Iliad v. 205 Since in a sieged towne, I thought our horse-meate would be scant. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xviii. 415 Who, to remove the foe from sieged Harflew, sent, Affrighted them like death. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. vii, In sea-storms and sieged cities and other death-scenes. |