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sidereal, a.|saɪˈdɪərɪəl|
Also 7–9 siderial (7 syd-); 7–8 sydereal (7 -all).
[f. L. sīdere-us, f. sīder-, sīdus constellation, star + -al1.]
1. Of or pertaining to the stars.
1647H. More Pref. to Antipsychopannychia, Upon which pure bright sydereal phantasms unprejudiced reason may safely work. 1651― Enthus. Tri. (1712) 32 That a Man has a sydereal body besides this terrestrial which is joined with the Stars. 1692J. Salter Triumphs of Jesus 24 Display your Glories ye Syderial States. 1739H. Coventry Philemon to Hydaspes iii. 76 [A] most expressive, as well as permanent Symbol of the Sidereal Splendors. 1792Phil. Trans. LXXXII. 26 Among the changes that happen in the sidereal heavens we enumerate the loss of stars. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. iii, What thinks Boötes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith in their leash of sidereal fire? 1868Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. i. vii. 137 That general Astronomy which includes our whole sidereal system. 1874Farrar Christ I. iii. 29 That any strange sidereal phenomenon should be interpreted as the signal of a coming king, was in strict accordance with the belief of their age.
2. Star-like, lustrous, bright. rare.
1634Bp. Hall Contempl., N.T. iv. xiv. 201 With what a blushing astonishment doth she behold his sydereall countenance cast upon her. 1649J. H. Motion to Parl. 30 Provoking some sydereall and flaming soules to display themselves in their full..lustre.
3. Of periods of time: Determined or measured by means of the stars. In sidereal day, sidereal month, sidereal year, sidereal time (see quots.).
1681Wharton Disc. Yrs. & Months Wks. (1683) 71 The Sydereal year is the space of time, in which the Sun returns to the same star from whence he departed. 1715tr. Gregory's Astron. (1726) I. 242 The Astronomic Year is also twofold,..namely, the Sydereal and Tropical. The Sydereal Year..is 365 Days, 6 Hours, and 10 Minutes nearly. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exper. Phil. IV. xlii. 127 There must be one more siderial day in a year than there are solar days. 1812Woodhouse Astron. viii. 50 A clock regulated by the transit of fixed stars, or adapted to sidereal time. 1846A. Young Naut. Dict. 95 The interval between the departure and return of a meridian to the sun is called a solar day; in the case..of a star, a sidereal day. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. §434 The sidereal month is the interval between two successive conjunctions of the moon with the same fixed star.
b. Of a clock: Showing sidereal time.
1812Woodhouse Astron. Pref., An observation expressed by..the seconds of a sidereal clock.
4. Of planetary or lunar motion: Relative to the stars.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 554 Its annual sidereal revolution is calculated, by Laplace, to be performed in 1681 days, 17 hours, 57 seconds. 1833Herschel Astron. viii. 252 The sidereal periods of the planets may be obtained..by observing their passages through the nodes of their orbits. 1868Lockyer Guillemin's Heavens (ed. 3) 66 note, This revolution is called a sidereal revolution in contradistinction to the ‘synodic revolution’, because, relatively to the Sun, the planet again occupies the same portion of the heavens.
5. Concerned with the stars.
1833Herschel Astron. 372 Chap. xii. Of Sidereal Astronomy. 1853― Pop. Lect. Sci. v. §28 (1873) 204 Thus opening another chapter in the history of sidereal mensuration. 1870tr. Pouchet's Universe (1871) 519 The nebulæ mark the limits of sidereal investigation.
Hence siˈderealize v.; siˈdereally adv.
1816G. S. Faber Orig. Pagan Idol. I. 34 That very goddess, whose peculiar symbol was a ship.., is yet asserted to be sidereally the moon. 1873Pater Renaissance viii. 150 German literature transformed, siderealised, as we see it in Goethe, reckons Winckelmann among its imitators. |