| 释义 |
▪ I. claim, n.|kleɪm|
Forms: 4–5 cleym(e, 4–7 claym(e, 6–7 claime, (Sc.) clame, 4, 7– claim.
[a. OF. claime (clame), f. clamer to claim.]
1. a. A demand for something as due; an assertion of a right to something. (Const. as in 2.) to lay claim to: to assert one's right to, claim.
a1300Cursor M. 9304 Sum o þaim Again mi sagh sal sett claim [Trin. cleym]. 1393Gower Conf. I. 250 His claime is unanswerde. c1440Promp. Parv. 80 Cleyme or chalaunge, vendicacio. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxxiv. 48 Ther was clayme and answer made bytwene parties..and right and iudgement gyuen. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 230 To make a clayme to the Crowne of Fraunce. 1584D. Powel Lloyd's Cambria 243 His claime on Jerusalem. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iii. ii. 84 What claime laies she to thee? 1748Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 314 Persons are not to be their own judges in claims of justice. 1796H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 34 Advancing no higher claim. 1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy-bk. Property Law xxiii. 177 Constant claims are set up to the estates of other men by..crafty persons. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. viii. 107 Notice..requiring all persons claiming to vote..to send in their claims within a time limited.
b. spec. in Insurance, an application for the compensation guaranteed by an insurance company, esp. for loss of or damage to property, etc., insured.
1878Chambers's Encycl. V. 602/2 A system of mutual insurance is frequently carried out by associations of ship-owners..—the various claims arising from loss or accident being met by pro rata contributions by members. 1933G. W. Gilbert Motor Insurance v. 82 On receipt of notice of a claim the first step is to make sure that a policy is in force. 1957Encycl. Brit. XII. 457/1 All claims negotiations are conducted by the insurers who may if they wish relieve themselves of all further liability at any time by paying to the insured the maximum sum for which they are liable in respect of any one accident. 1971Reader's Dig. Family Guide to Law 86/2 If the insurance company appears to be taking an unreasonably long time to settle a claim,..a letter of complaint..may persuade them to pay up. 1984in E. Rudinger et al. Which? Bk. Insurance 23 When you make a claim yourself direct with the insurance company, the first person you come across in the chain is the claims clerk at the company's office.
2. Right of claiming; right or title (to something or to have, be, or do something; also on, upon the person, etc., that the thing is claimed from).
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 196 And whilk of vs is doun, & mad is recreant, Cleyme & accioun he lese. 1375Barbour Bruce xx. 48 And all the clame that thai mycht haff In-till scotland. 1491Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 20 §7 All such right, title, interesse, clayme..as they..have in any of the premisses. 1593Nashe Christ's T. 29 b, There is no better clayme vnto wealth, then by the conquest of a strong hand to compasse it. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 197 ⁋8 Success gave a claim to kindness. 1769Junius Lett. xii. 54 Your friends..have the first claim upon your bounty. 1772Pennant Tours Scot. (1774) 33 Has the fairest claim to call itself owner. 1796Jane Austen Sense & Sens. (1849) 9 What possible claim could the Miss Dashwoods..have on his generosity? 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 139 The attempt has every claim to an indulgent..reception.
3. That which is claimed; spec. in U.S. and Australia, a piece of land allotted and taken, esp. for mining purposes. Phr. to jump a claim: see jump v. 9 b.
1792Deb. Congress 1036 The following claims of citizens, reserved by the deed of cession. 1817S. R. Brown Western Gaz. 13 The eastern boundary of the Creek claims is pine land. 1851Austral. & N.Z. Gaz. 15 Nov. 459/1 Many enter upon a claim, dig six or eight feet, and finding little or nothing, leave that spot in disgust. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. iii. vi. 359 The claim upon which he [the Australian gold-digger] purchases permission to dig. 1872R. B. Smyth Mining Statist. 46 In some of the claims to the south the reef is worked with good profit. 1879R. J. Atcherley Boerland 122 In the cooler hours I would be working in the claim.
†4. A call, shout. Obs. rare.
1596Spenser F.Q. iv. x. 11, I cald, but no man answer'd to my clame.
5. In the language of Christian Science, the imaginary disturbance which ‘claims’ to be an ailment.
1898Westm. Gaz. 26 Mar. 3/1 Ailments were referred to as ‘claims’. For instance, the other night this lady's eldest daughter came to her with the information that her sister had got a ‘claim’ of swollen glands... Soon after this, the mother herself was attacked by a claim of influenza. 1907‘Mark Twain’ Chr. Sci. 57 The second witness testifies that the Science banished ‘an old organic trouble’, which the doctor and the surgeon had been nursing with drugs and the knife for seven years. He calls it his ‘claim’.
6. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) claims adjuster, claim clerk, claim inspector (in Dict. Occup. Terms, 1921), claim-form; (sense 3) claim-agent, claim-holder, claim-holding, claim-pegging, claim-shack, claim-shanty, claim-stake; claim-acreage, acreage consisting of miners' claims; claim-jumper (orig. U.S.), one who ‘jumps’ (see jump v. 9 b) another's claim; so claim-jumping vbl. n. and ppl. adj.; also transf.
1903Daily Chron. 1 July 7/6 Ten times larger than the Kimberley mine in claim acreage.
1860Wilkes' Spirit of Times 10 Mar. 14/3 (Weingarten), Claim agent and broker. 1903N.Y. Even. Post 6 Oct. 6 Our pension policy has furnished an enormous incentive to claims agents and Congressmen.
1963J. Prescot Case for Hearing ix. 139 We handled his insurance claim in the office, and I saw the inventory annexed to the claim-form.
1862W. S. Ebey Diary 4 July in Pacif. N.W. Quart. (1943) XXXIV. 41 Every one of the claim holders whipping his man & retaining his claim. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right xiv, All the claim holders had closed round as far as could be seen in every direction. 1902Westm. Gaz. 26 Nov. 11/3 Their total claim-holding having been increased.
1839in Annals of Iowa 3rd Ser. X. 430 To Claim Jumpers... This is therefore to forbid all persons entering or trespassing upon said (land) claim. 1888Critic 14 Apr. (Farmer), The claim-jumper laughed as though he enjoyed it hugely. 1945M. James Cherokee Strip 4 You know what a claim-jumper a cowbird is—laying its eggs in other birds' nests and all.
1846Oregon Spectator 29 Oct. 2/3 In regard to ‘claim-jumping’. 1910J. Hart Vigilante Girl xiv. 186 He has no sentimental prejudices about claim-jumping miners. 1933P. Fleming Brazilian Adv. ii. iii. 205 He spoke with some bitterness of evangelistic claim-jumping, and of the base tricks employed by the rival missions in the race for converts.
1892Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Feb. 7/2 Claim-pegging in the Transvaal.
1916‘B. M. Bower’ Phantom Herd ix. 149 We learned our little lessons when we were building claim shacks for ourselves.
1860Harper's Mag. Aug. 299/2 Claim-stakes and claim-shanties speck the road.
▪ II. claim, v.|kleɪm|
Forms: 4 cleime, clem, Sc. and north. cleme, 4–6 cleym(e, 4–7 clayme, claime, clame, 6 cleame, 4– claim.
[a. OF. claime- accented stem of clame-r (claime-r) to cry, call, appeal, claim:—L. clāmā-re to cry out, call, proclaim, declare aloud, call upon.]
1. a. trans. To demand as one's own or one's due; to seek or ask for on the ground of right.
c1320Sir Beues 3002 He..comeþ..And cleimeþ his eritage. c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 825 On hymself he con al clem. 1340–70Alisaunder 80 Hee fared on in haste, To clayme his kingdome. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 421 Quhat landis clemys he? 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi, I it cleym duely as of debte. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. i. 110 Dowsabell did claime me for her husband. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 32 For none sure will claim in hell Precedence. 1788J. Powell Devises (1827) II. 317 That one has a right to claim a share. 1871R. Ellis Catullus l. 20 What if Nemesis haply claim repayment?
b. with inf. phr. or subord. clause.
1375Barbour Bruce i. 417 This child, that clemys your man to be. Ibid. ii. 104 The Erle off Carryk Clamys to govern the kynryk. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 366 Owre colagis..claymen to be exempt. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (1852) II. 352 He claimed that his word should be law. 1876Green Short Hist. ii. §6 (1882) 89 Every townsman could claim to be tried by his fellow-townsmen.
c. To make a claim for (indemnity), esp. upon an insurance company. Also absol.
1897Act 60 & 61 Vict. c. 37 § 1(2)(b) When the injury was caused by the personal negligence or wilful act of the employer..the workman may, at his option, either claim compensation under this Act, or take the same proceedings as were open to him before..this Act. 1947W. A. Dinsdale Princ. & Pract. Accident Insurance ii. ix. 98A If an assessor is employed, it sometimes happens that the assessor recommends the payment of more than the amount claimed. 1971Reader's Digest Family Guide to Law 86/1 Before deciding to claim for a small amount of damage,..consider whether it might be cheaper to bear the loss yourself. 1982in E. Rudinger et al. Which? Bk. Insurance (1984) 107 There is nothing to force a policyholder to claim indemnity under his policy where there are no personal injuries involved.
2. a. To assert and demand recognition of (an alleged right, title, possession, attribute, acquirement, or the like); to assert as one's own, to affirm one's possession of.
(Sense 1 claims the delivery of a thing, sense 2 the admission of an allegation.)
a1300Cursor M. 3544 Þou sal neuer..In þi forbirth do claim na right. a1400Morte Arth. 1275 Whatt ryghte þat he claymes..Thus to ryot þis rewme. 1465Marg. Paston Lett. 518 II. 214 To hold the court in your name, and to clayme your tytill. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 47 §2 Persones..that claymeth or pretendith any title to the premysses. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 11 Thundring Jove..she claymed for her syre. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 239 Both sides claimed the victory. 1818Cruise Digest I. 67 Every stranger, who claimed a right to any particular lands. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) II. 154 The degree of accuracy which had been claimed for them. 1884Bosanquet tr. Lotze's Metaph. 106 We have not in fact the knowledge which we might here be inclined to claim.
b. with inf. phr., obj. compl., or subord. clause.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 49 Alle..Þat cleymed to hold of him þer heritages. c1393Chaucer Gentilesse 2 That claymethe gentyle for to be. c1430Lydg. Bochas ii. vi. (1558) 4 This Iuge..claimed her his servant by false collusion. c1440York Myst. xxxi. 223 Claymes to be a kyng of Jewis. 1818Cruise Digest I. 487 Her husband claimed to be tenant by the curtesy. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 267 A mere word or symbol claiming to be a proposition. 1876Parker Paracl. i. ii. 18 It is claimed, then, on behalf of Christianity, that there is a Holy Ghost.
c. ‘Often loosely used (esp. in U.S.) for: Contend, maintain, assert’. (F. Hall.)
1864O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 204, I don't claim that they fought well, only as well as they could. 1876Troy Morning Whig 27 May, The man accused his wife of being intoxicated, which she denied and claimed that he was in that condition himself. 1887Troy Daily Times 8 Jan., John Weatherwax..procured a peace warrant for the arrest of his son..who he claims has threatened to kill him. 1922R. Dunn in World's Work July 119/2 Refet Bey..was hopping mad at an attempt which he claimed that the British had made to kidnap him.
3. Of things: To call for, demand, or require; to be entitled to, deserve, have a right to.
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. ii. 130 Octauia..whose beauty claimes No worse a husband then the best of men. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 566 Such wonder claims attention due. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 87 What Doctor Friend has written..claims an attentive reading. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. §20. 334 There is one other point..which claims our attention. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 26 This first life claims a second, else I count its gain no gain.
†4. To call for, cry for, beg loudly. Obs. rare.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B 1097 Lazares ful monye..Drye folk & ydropike..Alle called on þat cortayse [Christ] & claymed his grace.
†5. To call, name, proclaim (with complement); passing in later use into the sense ‘assert a claim to be (some one or something)’. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 12812 Ne prophet sal naman me claim. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 19 Þei with fulle gode wille..cleymed him for þer chefe of West & of Est. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xxii. (1869) 147 Trewaundrie bi name I cleyme it, and Maungepayn I clepe it. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccx. 194 Ye shal not be claymed kyng nother for kyng be hold. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1321 He cleymyd hym-sylf son of þe godhed. 1565Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 481 He..may easily Claime himselfe to be more then a Man. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. x. 30 Nor all, that else through all the world is named..might like to this be clamed.
†6. to claim quit, also to quit claim (a person or thing): to proclaim quit or released; to let go, dismiss, renounce, let off, release, absolve. Obs. See quit-claim.
a1300Cursor M. 2038 (Cott.) If o þi fader þou haue despite, Of his blissing i claim þe quite [Gött. I claime þe of his blissing quite]. c1314Guy Warw. A. 6654 Þai ben out of prisoun y-gon, Oþer quite-cleymed ichon. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 99 Roberd salle cleyme all quite to Henry..Þat Roberd, ne non of hise, salle ask Henry..Þis dette. c1400Destr. Troy 1763 To qwit claym all querels, & be qweme fryndes.
†7. intr. To cry out, call (for, etc.). Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 4481 Cleymeþ he after cloþes?..ȝis..cloþes he askes. c1470Harding Chron. cxcii. ii, The folke..for hym cryed & claymed. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 302 How mayst thou clayme or crye for glory?
8. intr. To put forward a claim, assert a right. † to claim of (quot. 1303), to: to claim, assert a right to. † to claim for (quot. 1400): to claim to be, assert one's right as being. (In later times app. an absolute use of 1 or 2.)
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9561 Ȝyf a chylde be dede bore..And receyve nat þe bapteme, Of heuene may hyt neuer cleme. c1400Mandeville xxii. 238 Alle the Mynstrelle that comen before hym..ben..entred in his Bokes..And aftre that, where that evere thei gon, ever more thei cleymen for Mynstralle of the grete Chane. c1647Bp. Sanderson Episcopacy (1673) 39 All these..do..claim to a Jus Divinum. a1704Locke (J.), How the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by his authority. 1725Pope Odyss. iv. 73 Say from what scepter'd ancestry ye claim.
†9. trans. = reclaim. Obs. rare.
1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. (1551) 69 b When men wer somwhat clamed of their uplandishe behauor.
Hence claimed ppl. a., claiming vbl. n. and ppl. a.
c1440Promp. Parv. 80 Cleymynge. 1611Cotgr., Calengé, claimed, challenged. 1862Ruskin Munera P. (1880) 79 Whatever the claiming value of the currency is at any moment. 1884Athenæum 15 Mar. 346/3 [He] imposed on the claiming master the burden of proving that the slavery of his claimed slaves was derived, etc. |