| 释义 |
Siberian, a. and n.|saɪˈbɪərɪən|
Also 8 Sibirian.
[f. the name of the country Siberia + -an.]
A. adj.
1. Of or belonging to, characteristic of, Siberia.
1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 600 A faithful Muscovite Servant, or rather a Siberian Servant. 1789G. White Selborne cvi, The writer..thinks he never before or since has encountered such rugged, Siberian weather. 1802Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. I. 317 Russia exchanges her precious Siberian furs for tea, silk, and nankeen. Ibid. II. 72 The oak, and the hazle,..cannot exist in a Siberian climate. 1890Gunter Miss Nobody xv, The draughts in the lobbies of this house are simply Siberian.
2. In special applications:
a. In names of animals or birds, as Siberian cow, Siberian dog, Siberian husky, Siberian ibex, Siberian rabbit, Siberian tiger, Siberian weasel; Siberian crane, Siberian crow, Siberian falcon, Siberian finch, Siberian thrush, etc.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 32 The zebu, or little African cow, and the grunting, or *Siberian cow, are but different races of the bison.
1785Latham Gen. Synop. Birds III. i. 37 *Sibirian Crane..inhabits the vast marshes and lakes in Sibiria. 1829Griffith tr. Cuvier VIII. 331 The Siberian Crane,..Ardea Gigantea.
Ibid. VII. 181 *Siberian Crow, Corvus Sibiricus.
1800Shaw Gen. Zool. I. ii. 278 The *Siberian Dog (Canis Sibiricus)..may be sub⁓divided into several races, differing as to strength and size.
1781Latham Gen. Synop. Birds I. i. 113 *Siberian Falcon..has the bill and air of a Kestrel.
1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 130 *Siberian Finch. Dusky purplish; neck above pale yellowish.
1854L. A. Meall Moubray's Poultry 177 Russian or *Siberian [Fowl].
1783Latham Gen. Synop. Birds II. i. 124 *Sibirian Grosbeak.
1809Shaw Gen. Zool. VII. i. 207 *Siberian Hawk. Falco Sibiricus.
1930Amer. Kennel Gaz. Jan. 26/1 The *Siberian huskies are recognized as the ideal dogs for driving. Ibid. Nov. 73/1 The breed of dog known as the Siberian Husky has been recognized by the Stud Book Committee. 1950J. Hambleton Abitibi Adventure 74 In their equipment was included a two-dog team, made up of Siberian huskies, blue-eyed beauties trained for generations to pull their hearts out and to survive the utmost rigors of the north. 1972Even. Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 24 June 14/1 Various types of Northern dogs were used including Siberian Huskies.
1827Griffith tr. Cuvier V. 356 The *Siberian Ibex, Ibex Alpium Sibiricarum.
1881Lyell Pigeons 81 The smooth-legged chequered or spangled ones are known in this country as Ural ice, while the rough-legged spangled birds are called *Siberian ice [-pigeons].
1781Latham Gen. Synop. Birds I. i. 391 *Siberian Jay..inhabits Siberia; but its manners are totally unknown.
1827Griffith tr. Cuvier III. 90 The *Siberian Rabbit (Lepus Tolai).
1901Ibis 417 *Siberian Thrush... The nest was found on the Yenesei River by Mr. Popham in 1895. 1954D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles III. 166 There is some reason to suppose that the Siberian thrush..has occurred in Britain.
1895R. Lydekker Hand-bk. Carnivora I. 150 A specimen of the *Siberian Tiger, apparently the first brought alive to Europe, was exhibited recently in Hagenbeck's menagerie in Amsterdam. 1956M. L. Taylor Tiger's Claw vii. 59 ‘Can you read the Chinese ideogram on his head?’ he inquired of me. ‘It is wang meaning king. In the north it is believed that only Siberian tigers carry this mark.’ 1978Times 27 Oct. 32/8 (Advt.), Large Siberian tiger skin mounted on red satin, {pstlg}600.
1783Latham Gen. Synop. Birds II. ii. 556 *Sibirian Titmouse, La Mesange de Siberie. 1884Coues N. Amer. Birds 267 Parus cinctus, Siberian Titmouse.
Ibid. 284 Motacilla ocularis, *Siberian Wagtail.
1783Latham Gen. Synop. Birds II. i. 456 *Sibirian Warbler, Motacilla montanella.
1800Shaw Gen. Zool. I. ii. 431 *Siberian Weesel, Viverra Sibirica. 1827Griffith tr. Cuvier II. 291 The Siberian Weasel, or Chorok.., resembles the Polecat in size, form, and proportions.
b. In names of plants, trees, or fruits, as Siberian barley, Siberian cedar, Siberian crab (apple), Siberian elm, Siberian iris, Siberian larch, Siberian larkspur, Siberian oat, etc.
1831Loudon Encycl. Agric. (1857) §5083 The *Siberian barley..was introduced to this country in 1768, but is believed to be now lost or merged in the parent species.
1763J. Bell Trav. St. Petersburg I. 250 Towards the Baykall lake, are high hills..covered with tall trees; among which are many..*Siberian cedars. 1838J. C. Loudon Arboretum & Fruticetum Britannicum IV. 2275 The Siberian Stone Pine, or Siberian Cedar..—The cones are said to be longer, and the scales larger, than in the Swiss variety. 1967M. T. Mirov Genus Pinus iii. 233 Russians call P. sibirica ‘Siberian cedar’, which causes a great deal of confusion. 1974Nomencl. Commerc. Timbers (B.S.I.) 69 ‘Siberian cedar’ (UK)... This name is liable to be confusing and its use should be discontinued.
1767Abercrombie Ev. Man his own Gardener (1803) 671/2 The *Siberian Crab; the tree dwarfish and the fruit small. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 142 Nor were all the apples..worth a single dishful of the Siberian crabs of Herne Hill.
1904Outing Oct. 84/2 The English elm and the cork-bark and *Siberian elms are also desirable. 1981Sci. Amer. Aug. 40/3 Many Asian species, such as the Chinese elm..and the Siberian elm.., are comparatively resistant to infection.
1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 48 Another variety that flourishes well, comes from the Foxley apple and the *Siberian harvey.
1802Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. II. 72 The black and white hellebore, the *Siberian iris. 1882Garden 3 June 391/3 Other upright-shaped bouquets are of..Siberian Iris.
1838J. C. Loudon Arboretum & Fruticetum Britannicum IV. 2352 The *Siberian larch was introduced into England by Messrs. Loddiges..about the end of the last century. 1969T. H. Everett Living Trees of World iv. 41/1 The Siberian larch.., a close relative of the European larch, grows to 120 feet tall.
1882Garden 25 Mar. 201/3 The *Siberian Larkspur, with its handsome foliage and tall spikes of dark..flowers.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 578 In the *Siberian or Tartarian oat the grains are thin and small. 1856Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 489/1 Siberian Early White Oat.—This variety is originally from the north of Europe, and was sent to this country in 1839.
1832Planting (L.U.K.) 34 Pinus Siberica, *Siberian pine. 1958N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Sept. 87/1 Siberian pine: Pinus cembra var. sibirica..and P. koraiensis... Shipped from Vladivostok.
1802Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. II. 72 The *Siberian plum, and crab,..form thickets of exquisite beauty.
1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 204 If the *Siberian Sowthistle shuts at night the ensuing day will be fine.
1832Planting (L.U.K.) 125 The *Siberian stone or Cembra pine, is a highly ornamental species in England. 1838Siberian stone pine [see Siberian cedar above]. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 659 Pinus Cembra, the Siberian Stone Pine, has also edible seeds. 1923A. Rehder in L. H. Bailey Cultivated Evergreens v. 303 Siberian Stone P[ine]. A form with shorter leaves and larger cones [than Pinus cembra]. 1967N. T. Mirov Genus Pinus iii. 233 Its ‘common’ English name, ‘Siberian stone pine’, is rather inappropriate.
1763Mills Pract. Husb. I. 475 Another species of vetch, viz. the *Siberian,..bids fair to become, perhaps, the most useful of all for fodder.
1925G. W. Deeping Sorrell & Son xxxvii. 375 A half wild patch of..purple and gold tulips, and burning orange *siberian wallflowers. 1933Jrnl. R. Hort. Soc. LVIII. 172 The Siberian Wallflower..probably merits that name as little as the one by which it is commonly known. 1979C. E. L. Phillips New Small Garden x. 137 The slightly later Siberian wallflower..is a glowing orange ball of fire.
1775Ann. Reg. 150 A field of *Siberian wheat..in..Yorkshire.
c. Miscellaneous, as Siberian oil-seed, Siberian plague.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Siberian oil-seed, a local name in Canada for the Camelina sativa, or Gold of pleasure. 1884Encycl. Brit. XVII. 58/1 Anthrax..is epizootic..in..Siberia, where it is known as the Sibirskaja jaswa (Siberian boil-plague). 1885Western Daily Press 19 Jan. 7/5 The woolsorters' disease, known also as splenic fever, malignant pustule, and Siberian plague.
B. n.
1. A native of Siberia.
1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 605 The Siberian, who was Servant to the young Lord, told us [etc.]. 1782J. Brown Compend. View Religion I. ii. 35 The Siberians..cast their newly born infants into rivers. 1854Orr's Circle Sci., Org. Nat. I. 324 The Arctic Ocean, which washes the sea-board of the Laps and Siberians.
2. pl. Shares in Siberian gold-mines.
1906Westm. Gaz. 21 Nov. 11/1 The catalogue of ‘Siberians’ will..be added to in a day or two by the registration of the Kluchi Gold Mines.
3. A Siberian husky.
1928N.Y. Times 29 Jan. ii. 1/5 Seppala left the line without a word to his furry, sharp-eared Siberians. 1944C. Clay Phantom Fur Thieves 137 The Siberian..was originally bred and raised in Siberia, is smaller in size than a huskie, more stockily built, more heavily furred.
Hence Siˈberianize v., to send to Siberia; to render Siberian in character.
1864Daily Tel. 9 Aug., After a century of Cossacking, bombarding, knouting, and Siberianising. 1880I. L. Bird Japan I. 3 The climate of Northern Yezo is Siberianized by the cold current from the Sea of Okotsk. |