| 释义 |
▪ I. sib, n.1 Now rare.|sɪb|
Also 1 sibb, 4 syb; (1–3 inflected) 5 sibbe, 5–6 sybbe.
[Common Teut.: OE. sib(b, = OFris. sibbe, OS. sibbia, sibbea (MLG. sibbe), OHG. sippia, sippa (MHG. and G. sippe), ON. *sif (pl. sifjar), Goth. sibja, related to next.]
1. Kinship, relationship.
Beowulf 2431 Heold mec and hæfde Hreðel cyning, ᵹeaf me sinc and symbel, sibbe ᵹemunde. c893K. ælfred Oros. i. ii. 30 Hio ᵹesette..þæt nan forbyrd nære æt ᵹeliᵹere betwuh nanre sibbe. c1050O.E. Chron. (MS. C) an. 1049, Ða wende Beorn for þære sibbe þæt he him swican nolde. 13..K. Alis. 1712 (Laud MS.), For his nexte by syb Cosyn Beeþ jubiter and Appolyn. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 18 Manye of theim were of Sybbe to hym. 1491― Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) ii. 197/2 They hadde noo sybbe or kyndrede togydre; but oonly of that theyr husbondes were brethern germayn. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1186/2 The doughter of pusillanimitie, & therby so nere of sybbe vnto the nights feare. 1549Chaloner Erasm. on Folly C iv, Do you not count hym next of sybbe to a fool? 1804W. Tarras Poems 14 Lat's try this income, how he stands, An' eik us sib by shakin' hands. 1858M. Porteous Souter Johnny 8 Tam could bauldly claim Sib wi' an auld heroic name.
†2. Peace, amity, concord. Obs.
c825Vesp. Ps. xxvii. 3 Ða ðe spreocað sibbe mid ðone nestan. Ibid. xxxvii. 4 Nis sib banum minum. c900tr. Baeda's Hist. iii. xiv. 194 Ne meahte he hwæðere mid þone cyning..sibbe habban; ac swa micel..unsibb betweoh him aras, þætte heo heora weorod & fyrd ᵹesomnodon. c1154O.E. Chron. an. 1140, He helde him for fader, & he him for sune, & sib & sæhte sculde ben betwyx heom. c1205Lay. 11308 Ich þe wulle luuien & halden þe for lauerd mid sæhte & mid sibbe. c1275Duty Christians 98 in O.E. Misc. 144 We schulde among vs habben ay soþe luue and sibbe.
▪ II. sib, a. and n.2|sɪb|
Forms: 1– sib, 1–4, 6, 9 sibb, 4–6 syb (5 sybb), 8 Sc. sub; (1–3 inflected) 4–7, 9 sibbe, 4, 6 sibe, 5–6 sybbe (5 cybbe).
[OE. sib(b, = OFris. (and Fris.) sib, MDu. sib(be, zibbe, OHG. sippi (MHG. sippe), Goth. (un)sibjis. With the n. uses cf. OFris. sibba, sibbe, MDu. sibbe, etc., OS. sibbio (MLG. sibbe), OHG. sippo (G. sippe, sipp) kinsman. See also i-sib a.]
1. a. Related by blood or descent; akin. Now chiefly Sc. or arch., but also used spec. of canaries (see quot. 1882).
Beowulf 387 Hat in gan seon sibbe ᵹedriht samod ætgædere. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xiv. 12 Nelle ðu ᵹeceiᵹa friondas ðina..ne sibbo vel cuðo menn. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 157 Alse þe man doð þe ȝifeð his almes fader oðer moder, suster oðer broðer, oðer oðre swo sibbe þat he aghte mid rihte to helpen to feden. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1468 Ðo wurð Rebecca childre bere,..At on burdene ghe under-stod two ðe weren hire sibbe blod. 13..Cursor M. 20068 (Gött.), Iesu crist..cald til him sant iohan þat was his sibe ner kines-man. a1350SS. Simon & Jude 237 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 140 Þat he suld haue done licheri With ane þat was his sib woman. 1390Gower Conf. III. 332 Bot of hem tuo a man mai liere What is to be so sibb of blod. a1400–50Alexander 586, I of my blode haue, Ane of my sede, I supose, & sibbire of þe twa. c1470Henry Wallace v. 872 Sib sister sone he wes to gud Wallace. a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 100 The deuyll and she be syb. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 299 [He] intendit to marie hir gif he might haue had the popis lecence, because hir husband befoir and hie was sibe. 1816Scott Antiq. xxxiii, By the religion of our holy Church they are ower sibb thegither. 1875R. L. Wallace Canary Bk. iii. 51 He said, very gravely, ‘Weel, sib bred is sib bred, an I thocht that anybody kenned what that was.’ However, I found that the meaning of the words was consanginuity. 1882Bazaar 15 Feb. 175 ‘Sib breed’..is a word used in the North for the particular kind of canary employed for mule breeding, and really means that the birds have been bred in-and-in for a number of years. 1888D. Grant Chron. Keckleton 48 The Brodies, as the sibbest relatives,..had taen chairge. 1891Bazaar 20 Feb., Grand sib hen canaries, pink eyed strain, to breed light mules. 1902Bateson & Saunders Rep. Evolution Comm. R. Soc. I. 4 The possibility..should not be forgotten that the prepotency of the sib-bred hens may have been an original character of their particular strain. 1961R. B. Bennett Budgerigars, Canaries & Foreign Finches xxi. 155 Sib-bred, the young from related birds bred in and in for many years. In-bred.
b. transf. Closely related in some way.
1500–20Dunbar Poems vi. 55 We weir als sib as seue & riddill. 1567Drant Horace, Sat. H vij b, Pithagoras, when shall thy beanes, or colewoorte sybbe of kynde, Refreshe my hungry appetyte? c1620A. Hume Brit. Tongue (1865) 21 For c and k are sa sib, that the ane is a greek and the other a latin symbol of one sound. 1637Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. cvi. 269 Sense of death is a sib friend and of kin and blood to life. 1897Naturalist 84 The singular stability and depth of his conviction, often reiterated to those mentally sib, that Matter was All.
2. a. Related by blood or kinship to (or † with) a person. † In early use also with dative.
c1200Ormin 323 To streonenn streon, to wurrþenn sibb Wiþþ kingess & wiþþ preostess. c1250Gen. & Ex. 228 Ut of his side he toc a rib, And made a wimman him ful sib. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12648 A knyght þer was, hight Quyntalyn, Syb þemperour, & his cosyn. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1199 Largesse..Hilde by the honde a knyght of prys, Was sibbe to Artour of Britaigne. c1440Gesta Rom. lxx. 323 Þou art..wele ny sybbe to my lord, for he is thyne Eem, and þou art his cosyn. 1470–85Malory Arthur iii. iii. 103 This poure man..is not his fader; he is no thyng syb to hym. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. vi, Many one..that neither shall be sib to thy blood, nor any word bear of thy name. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 269 Sicker, I am very sybbe [gloss, of kinne] to you. 1600Maid's Metam. iv. ii, That Shepheardesse so neare is Sib to me, As I ne may (for all this world) her wed. 1808Southey Chron. Cid 244 You are sib to the damsels. 1848Lytton Harold i. i, She is sibbe to Githa, wife of Godwin. 1888H. Morten Hospital Life 43 Remember, I am sib to none but yourself now, and you should be good to me.
b. transf. or fig. Closely related, allied, akin, or similar, to some other thing.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 219 Þe uuemeste bou is sib þe neþemeste rote. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 86 Witeþ wel, þis maundement is sibbe to many synnes. c1430Hymns Virgin (1867) p. xvi, At .xxx. yere he is named a man And syb to the bull of nature stronge. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 469/1 But there is none of those storyes any thing sybbe to saynt Johns ghospel. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 13/1 The English interiection, Fough, which is vsed in lothing a ranke or strong sauour, seemeth to be sib to the other. 1601Holland Pliny II. 101 It must be vsed with moderation, for otherwise it breedeth drowsinesse, sib to the lethargy. 1637Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. Ep. B, Nearer to Sycophancy then to Sincerity, and..sibber to appeaching Hostility, then fraternall Charity. 1760–74Fergusson Rising of the Session Poems (1845) 29 Though a dram to Rob's mair sib Than is his wife. 1786T. Walker Ep. to Burns (Jam.), I'm but a ragget cout mysel', Owre sib to you. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 220 The seeds of an aphorism—at least if it be..sib to an apophthegm—never were in him. 1894W. D. Latto Tam. Bodkin ix. 88 A toom head an' licht heels bein' raither sib to ane anither.
†c. Sc. Having a right or claim to a thing. Obs.
1701Suppl. Dict. Decis. Crt. of Session (1826) IV. 503 Some argued..that creditors seemed to be much sibber to these annual rents than the factors. 1721Kelly Scot. Prov. 197 It is something to be Sub to a good Estate.
3. absol. as n.
a. As pl. Kinsfolk, relatives. Also fig.
a1000Soul & Body 4 Þonne se deað cymeð, asundrað þa sibbe, þa þe ær somud wæron. a1200[see fremd a. 4]. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2503 He bad sibbe cumen him bi-foren, Or he was ut of werlde boren. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7086 Þis child wax so wel & þeu, as iseie fremde & sibbe. c1315Shoreham i. 68 So drawyþ hy affinite Wyþ alle þyne sibbe, Ase þou of hire sibben draȝst. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxv. 115 Nowþer of fader ne broþer, sibbe ne fremmed. 1440J. Shirley Dethe K. James 25 His tirannye ynmeasurable, without pite or mercy to sibbe or to freme. 1755R. Forbes Shop Bill xii, Gloves likewise, to hap the hand of fremt an' sib. 1882Mrs. Raven's Temptation III. 350 All nice people are related to each other, and so are all nasty people—God's sib, and Satan's sib—the two!
b. A kinsman or kinswoman.
a1023Wulfstan Hom. xxx. 146 Þær ne byð sybbes lufu to oðrum. a1300Cursor M. 27174 Quat man he es þat did þe sin,..Sib or fremd, lok quar it es. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 135 Dame purnele, a prestes file [v.r. sibbe], prioresse worth hue neuere. 1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 29 Thee murther he whusted, His syb in her mourning with long coynd forgerye feeding. a1593Marlowe Edw. II, iii. ii, Tush Sib, if this be all, Valoys and I will soone be friends againe. 1625Bp. R. Montagu App. Cæsar 139 So also with our Puritans, very Sibs unto those Fathers of the Society. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. ii. 513 From goody, gossip, cater-cousin and sib. 1894F. S. Ellis Reynard the Fox 213 It is Lapreel the Coney, My old-time sib, my ancient crony.
c. Anthrop. A kinship group among Anglo-Saxon and other Germanic peoples (see quot. 1918); hence used for various other kinds of lineal or cognatic kinship groups. Also as pl., the membership of such a group.
1890F. B. Jevons tr. Schrader's Prehist. Antiq. of Aryan Peoples iv. xii. 398 The Teutonic sib.., as long as it was an agrarian and military unit, is to be conceived as having been purely agnatic. 1901Jrnl. R. Anthrop. Inst. IV. 68 Two brothers, and still more, a father and son, cannot fall into two different sibs. 1918F. S. Philbrick tr. Huebner's Hist. Gmc. Private Law i. iii. 114 The primitive Germans lived in..sibs that based their kinship solely upon descent from a common tribal male ancestor. 1919Amer. Anthropologist XXI. 28 The sib, like the family, is a kinship group... On the one hand, it excludes one half of the blood-kindred—the father's side of the family in matronymic, the mother's side in patronymic societies. On the other hand, it admits on equal terms all kindred of the favored side regardless of degree and even individuals considered blood-relatives merely through legal fiction. 1949G. P. Murdock Social Structure iii. 47 If all persons born with the name Smith in our society regarded themselves as related, they would constitute a patri-sib. Some unilinear societies lack true sibs, possessing only lineages. The great majority, however, possess sibs... A sib normally includes several lineages. 1950A. R. Radcliffe-Brown in Radcliffe-Brown & Forde African Systems of Kinship & Marriage 15 The arrangement of kin by degrees of nearness or distance was based on sib-ship... A man's sib were all his cognates within a certain degree. Ibid., It is evident that no two persons can have the same sib, though for two unmarried full brothers, A and B, every person who was sib to A was sib to B, and A and B were sib-kinsmen of one another. A person cannot be said to ‘belong’ to a sib or be a member of a sib in the sense in which he can be said to belong to a lineage or a clan or a village community. 1967R. Fox Kinship & Marriage i. 50 There are other usages [for clan and lineage] which cause considerable confusion... American writers often use sib as the generic term with patri-sib and matri-sib as the sub varieties. This is quite wrong... The Anglo-Saxon sib..was not a descent group at all. Ibid. vi. 167 The kindred..was known as the sib... Amongst the Teutonic peoples, the sib was the exogamic unit. 1968G. D. Mitchell Dict. Sociol. 160 The British usage confines sib to an ego-centred group of cognates within a certain degree; it is thus synonymous with some meanings of kindred.
d. Chiefly Genetics. A brother or sister, another individual of the same parentage (see also quot. 1933).
1919Genetics IV. 496 The observations..show themselves to be a strictly homogeneous population, with correlation much larger than that between sibs. 1931E. & C. Paul tr. E. Baur et al. Human Heredity xi. 508 The methods..known as the brother-and-sister method or as the sib method. [Note] The word ‘sib’ or ‘sibling’ is coming into use in genetics in the English-speaking world, as an equivalent of the convenient German term ‘Geschwister’. 1933Proc. R. Soc. Edin. LIII. 106 A comparison of the resemblance between ordinary sibs and fraternal twins may be used. [Note] Here and throughout sib is used to denote brothers and sisters of different birth⁓rank. 1937Nature 2 Oct. 573/1 Genetical research shows that height has little value as an indicator of relationships and specific distinctness, since a plant two inches high may be a sib to a plant twenty inches high. 1958Times 18 Jan. 4/3 Among other problems possibly was the danger of sibs—offspring of the same parent—marrying. 1974Nature 12 Apr. 594/2 The foundation stock of the highly resistant flock had parents and sibs that did not develop scrapie.
e. attrib. as sib bond, sib group, sib-mate, sib-mating, sib-pair, sib selection, sib system.
1938Jrnl. R. Anthrop. Inst. LXVIII. 301 With Trobriands and Hopi the successive sib bond exists through females.
1901Ibid. XXXI. 68 The size of the sib group has always been determined by economic facts. 1920R. H. Lowie Primitive Society vi. 107 Sib-mates of the same generation usually call one another siblings, and from this..it is but a step to feeling that marriage between sib-mates would be incestuous. Hence we find as one of the most common traits of the sib the law of exogamy. 1949G. P. Murdock Social Structure iv. 73 They are wives and clansmen of one group of disputant men, sisters and sibmates of the other. 1949R. A. Fisher Inbreeding iii. 47 A mating of parent and offspring interpolated in a series of sib-matings does not advance the inbreeding process so much as a sib-mating would have done. 1971Brit. Med. Bull. XXVII. 45/2 Sib-pair comparisons have also been used to separate the effects of family size..upon intelligence.
1956Genetics XLI. 367 (heading) Isolation of preadaptive mutants in bacteria by sib selection.
1934Nature 19 May 743/1 The sib system, and its attendant naming habits, is the most flourishing part of the old thought system.
▪ III. sib, n.3|sɪb|
Also Sib.
Colloq. abbrev. of sibilant n. 2.
1957D. E. Walker Lunch with Stranger 142 British memoirs published since the war have confirmed both the speed with which the Sibs reached the German High Command and the disruptive influence they had there. 1958Punch 8 Jan. 96/1 A Sib, short for sibilant, is a story or rumour concocted to promote a set purpose, generally the sales of a particular product. 1965B. Sweet-Escott Baker Street Irregular iii. 98 The rumours or ‘sibs’, as they were called, were devised by a high-powered committee in London... Success or failure was judged by the degree to which the sibs were repeated by enemy or neutral newspapers and broadcasting transmissions. 1975P. Fussell Gt. War & Mod. Memory ix. 328 One department [of the Special Operations Executive] did nothing but contrive ‘sibs’—bizarre and hair-raising rumours to be spread over the Continent. |