| 释义 |
▪ I. quell, n.1 rare.|kwɛl|
[f. quell v.1]
Slaying, slaughter; power or means to quell.
c1420Anturs of Arth. 49 (Douce MS.) Withe gret questes and quelles Bothe in frethes and felles. 1543Grafton Contn. Harding 518 Through al the tyme of hys vsurped reygne neuer ceased theyre quel, murder, death & slaughter. 1605Shakes. Macb. i. vii. 72 His spungie Officers..shall beare the guilt Of our great quell. 1818Keats Endym. ii. 537 Awfully he stands, A sovereign quell is in his waving hands.
▪ II. quell, n.2 rare—1.
[a. G. quelle spring: cf. quell v.2]
A spring, fountain.
1894‘G. Egerton’ Discords 213 She was..the quell of living waters out of which he drew fresh strength for new lays.
▪ III. quell, v.1|kwɛl|
Forms: 1 cwellan, (cwoellan), 3 cwelle, -enn; 3–4 quellen, (5 qvellyn), 3–5 quelle, 5 qwell(e, whell(e, 4, 6 quel, 4– quell. pa. tense 1 cwealde, 3 qualde, quolde, (pl. cwelden, cwaldenn, qualden), 3–4 queld(e; 4– quelled, (4 -id, 6 Sc. -it, -yt). pa. pple. 3 i-queld, 4 quelt, 6 queld, 4– quelled, (5 -et).
[OE. cwęllan = OS. quellian (MDu. quellen, Du. kwellen), OHG. quellen, chellen (MHG. quellen queln, etc. G. quälen), ON. kvelja (Sw. qvälja, Da. kvæle):—OTeut. *kwaljan, causative from the root kwal-: see quale, quele.]
1. trans. To kill, slay, put to death, destroy (a person or animal). Now rare or Obs. (in later use associated with sense 3).
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. xlv. 342 Swelce hwa wille blotan ðæm fæder..his aᵹen bearn, & hit ðonne cwelle beforan his eaᵹum. c1000ælfric Exod. xxix. 16 Þonne þu hine cwelst, þu nymst his blod. c1205Lay. 1752 Heo qualden [c 1275 cwelden] þa Frensce alle þa heo funden. c1250Death 14 in O.E. Misc. 168 Þe feond þencheð iwis þe sawle forto cwelle [v.r. quelle]. c1350Will. Palerne 179 Briddes & smale bestes wiþ his bow he quelles. a1400–50Alexander 1307 He..Bretens doun all þe bild & þe bernys quellis [v.r. whellis]. c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) D vj, If he be much cruell which doth his body quell Who killeth his owne soule is much more cruell. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 20 Like barbarous miscreants, they quelled virgins vnto death. 1658J. Jones Ovid's Ibis 93 Cassandrus..was by his subjects quelled with earth. 1791Cowper Iliad v. 128 Yet him the dart Quell'd not. 1817Byron Manfred ii. i. 85, I never quell'd An enemy, save in my just defence.
absol.1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 885 Þis king..bigan berne & quelle. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. v. i. 292 O Fates..Quaile, crush, conclude, and quell.
†b. To dash out, knock down. (Cf. kill v. 1.) Obs. rare.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 18 (46) They fyghte..And with here axes out þe braynes quelle. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 636 With mony knok the Romanes doun tha quell. a1550Christis Kirke Gr. xxi, The carlis with clubbis coud udir quell Quhyle blude at breistis out bokkit.
c. To kill, destroy (a plant). rare—1.
1778W. H. Marshall Minutes Agric. 6 June 1775 A dry summer, no doubt, quells the roots.
2. To destroy, put an end to, suppress, extinguish, etc. (a thing or state of things, esp. a bad or disagreeable one, a feeling, disposition, etc.).
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 751 Þat syre þat..was borne oure baret to quelle. a1400Ipotis 334 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 345 He wente to helle, Þe fendes pouste for to quelle. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. ii. 13 All her sodaine quips, The least whereof would quell a louers hope. 1650Fuller Pisgah ii. iv. 103 Here some Commentators being not able to quell, never raise this objection. 1678Trans. Crt. Spain 25 This light punishment quelled all the false reports. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 342 The captain quelled this mutiny. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxi. III. 249 An indefatigable ardour, which could neither be quelled by adversity, nor satiated by success. 1832Lander Adv. Niger II. xii. 181 We soon succeeded in quelling their fears. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. viii. 173 All opposition was quelled by fire and sword.
3. To crush or overcome (a person or thing); to subdue, vanquish, reduce to subjection or submission; † to force down to.
1570Satir. Poems Reform. xxiii. 124 Thay did comfort vs, And maid vs fre quhen strangers did vs quell. 1610Healey St. Aug. City of God 650 Pompey the great quelled them first, and made them tributaries to Rome. 1645Milton Tetrach. Wks. (1847) 178/1 (Gen. i. 27) The want of this quells them to a servile sense of their own conscious unworthiness. 1748Gray Alliance 91 With side-long plough to quell the flinty ground. 1838Thirlwall Greece IV. xxxiii. 320 It might enable him to quell the revolted Egyptians. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. viii. 297 The energy of William had thus thoroughly quelled all his foes.
absol.1853C. Brontë Villette xv, He quelled, he kept down when he could.
†4. intr. = quail v. 2, queal v. Obs.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Mar. 8 Winters wrath beginnes to quell [gloss. to abate]. a1599― F.Q. vii. vii. 42 Then came old January, wrapped well..Yet did he quake and quiver, like to quell. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 114 Where ten thousand haue died for want of this exercise, not one hath quelled which hath beene vsed in this manner.
Hence quelled ppl. a.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1324 Quykly of þe quelled dere a querré þay maked. 1821J. Baillie Metr. Leg., Wallace iii, Her quell'd chiefs must tamely bear From braggart pride the taunting jeer.
▪ IV. quell, v.2 rare.
[In first quot. app. repr. an OE. *cwellan = OS., OHG. quellan: in second quot. a. G. quellen.]
intr. To well out, flow.
1340Ayenb. 248 Þe welle eurelestinde þet alneway kuelȝ and fayly ne may. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. i, Out of a low cave..the great fountain rose, quelling and bubbling. |