| 释义 |
churchyard|ˈtʃɜːtʃjɑːd|
Forms: 2 cyrceiærd, 3 chircheȝeard, 4–5 -ȝerd, 5 cherch-, chyrche-, churche-ȝerd, -ȝarde, 5–6 church-ȝerd, 6– churchyard.
[f. church + yard n.2: cf. the Sc. kirk-yard, and northern Eng. kirk-garth, church-garth. The stress is upon church already in Shakes.; yet we usually say St. Paul's Churchˈyard, with stress on yard, as always in Sc.]
1. The yard or enclosed piece of ground in which a church stands; formerly almost universally used as a burial ground for the parish or district, and still so used, esp. in rural districts.
1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1137. §4 Nouther circe ne cyrceiærd. a1225Ancr. R. 318 (MS. Titus) Eode in ring i chirche ȝeard. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvi. 11 Ne corses of poure comune in here kirke-ȝerd [so 2 MSS., 3 have churche-; 2 chirche-]. c1440Promp. Parv. 75 Chyrcheȝarde [Pynson churcheyerde], cimitorium. 1512Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 2 §2 The Churche or Churchyerd or other place preveleged. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. ii. 100 The which at Touraine, in S. Katherine's Church-yard I chose forth. 1607― Cor. iii. iii. 51 Like Graues i'th holy Church⁓yard. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 57 Separate places to bury the dead in, not in churchyards. 1712Addison Spect. No. 419 ⁋5 The Church-yards were all haunted. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 8 He..scarce could pass A church-yard's dreary mounds at silent night.
†2. A burial-ground generally; a cemetery. Obs.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 98 The peple said to alexander that he was euer in the chircheyerd. 1601Holland Pliny II. 92 The other..groweth commonly in church⁓yards among graues and tombs. 1678Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. iii. §12. 474/1 Anicetus..was..buried in the Church-yard of Calistus.
†3. The precincts of a church; a cathedral close. Obs. rare. (Cf. St. Paul's Churchyard.)
1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 393 (Ordin. Worcester), The citezens dwelling wtyn the churche yordes, or ffraunchesis aioynynge to this, the citee. 1577Fletewoode in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. ccii. III. 56 Here fell a mischaunce betwene two..men, and the on of them was killed in Powles churche yarde.
4. Proverb.
1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 124 A hot Christmas makes a fat Churchyard. 1710Brit. Apollo III. No. 106. 2/1 A Green Christmas makes a Fat Church-Yard. Mod. Sc. A green Yule and a white Pace, maks a toom kirk and a fou' kirk-yard.
5. attrib. and in comb. churchyard cough, a cough symptomatic of approaching dissolution.
1602Carew Cornwall (1811) 322 The curate..received him at the church yard style. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 379 A church-yard cough; the Phthisick or Tisick. 1702Steele Funeral i. iii, I always said by his church-yard cough, you'd bury him. 1798Wordsw. We are Seven vi, In the church-yard cottage, I Dwell near them with my mother. 1820Keats Eve St. Agnes xviii, A poor weak, palsy-stricken, churchyard thing. 1863Mrs. Gaskell Sylvia's L. (Hoppe), Jem coughed, poor fellow! he coughed his churchyard cough. 1880Browning Dram. Idylls Ser. ii. Clive 60 After trying churchyard-chat of days of yore. |