| 释义 |
chromo-|ˈkrəʊməʊ|
1. Chem. Combining form of chromium, as in chromo-carbon, chromo-chloride, chromo-cyanotype, chromo-glucose, etc.
1845Year Bk. of Facts 234 To distinguish it from the cyanotype process of Sir John Herschell..Mr. Hunt proposed to call it Chromo-cyanotype. 1864Reader 26 Mar. 393/3 The chromo-carbon prints were transferrred to zinc. 1875tr. Vogel's Chem. Light xv. 261 If a pigment impression—that is a chromo-glucose-picture—is produced on glass. 1879Watts Dict. Chem. I. 955 Tartrate of chromium and hydrogen, or chromo-tartaric acid.
2. Shortened form of chromato- [f. Gr. χρῶµα, χρώµατος colour, cf. Gr. ἄχρωµος, πολύχρωµος = ἀχρώµατος, πολυχρώµατος, etc.], as in ˈchromoblast [Gr. βλαστός sprout, germ], ‘a variety of connective tissue corpuscles found under the skin and in the parenchyma of Batrachia, Mollusca, Annelida, and some fishes; it possesses ramified processes, and contains a black pigment’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); chromoˈcollotype, -ˈcollotypy, collotypy in colour; chroˈmometer [see -meter; cf. chromatometer], an instrument for determining by means of colour the presence of minerals in ores; chroˈmometry, the measurement of colour intensity; ˈchromophane [Gr. -ϕανής appearing, showing], ‘a generic term applied to the different colouring matters of the inner segments of the cones of the retina of animals where they are held in solution by a fat’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈchromophore [Gr. -ϕορ-ος bearing, bearer], see quot. and cf. chromogen; chromoˈphoric, chroˈmophorous adjs., colour-bearing or -producing, of the nature of a chromophore; chromophoˈtography, a name for the production of photographs of objects in their natural colours; chromoˈphotolithograph, a photolithograph produced in colours; ˈchromophyll Bot. [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf, after chlorophyll], the colouring principles of plants other than chlorophyll; chromoˈprotein, a compound consisting of a protein and a metal-containing pigment or a carotenoid; chromopˈtometer [cf. chromatoptometry], ‘an instrument for determining the sharpness of the colour sense in man’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence chromoptoˈmetrical a.
1891Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Sept. 1/2 The process of chromo⁓collotype is treading upon the heels of lithography for reproductive work of the cheaper class. 1896Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. Alm. 572 Chromo-collotypy and allied processes.
1876S. Kens. Museum Catal. No. 3720 Weber's Photo and Chromometer. 1879Athenæum 5 Apr. 444/2 An instrument which he has designed for making accurate determinations of the presence of certain minerals in ores, to which he has given the name of a ‘chromometer’.
1871Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXIV. 183 On the Constant Colour and Intensity of the Light from Clouds, for Chromometry.
1885Landois & Sterling Human Phys. II. 963 In the cones are the pigmented oil globules, the so-called ‘chromophanes’.
1879Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. i. 696 The body whose presence, in conjunction with a salt-forming group, determines the possession of tinctorial power, may be conveniently called a chromophore.
1892Chromophoric [see Auxochrome]. 1893Athenæum 15 July 100/2 The dyestuffs..are classed according to the particular chromophoric groups they contain. 1958Van Nostrand's Sci. Encycl. 342/1 Chromophoric electrons, electrons in the double bonds of the chromophoric groups. 1962J. T. Marsh Self-Smoothing Fabrics xviii. 300 Free methyl radicals might possibly react with the quinoid group..and produce a methoxyl group which would destroy the chromophoric structure.
1893E. Knecht et al. Man. Dyeing 404 A colour-bearing (chromophorous) group or chromophor. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 564/2 Such compounds containing chromophorous groups are termed chromogens.
1882American III. 263 A successful chromophotolithograph of the old vellum drawing.
1882Academy 4 Feb. 77 The chlorophyll..is fading before..those other pigments which Mr. Wallace calls collectively chromophyll.
1924Chem. Abstr. 2718 The salt-like character of the mol[ecule]..has now been shown for the chromoproteins, e.g., hemoglobin. 1961Brit. Med. Dict. 307/1 Chromoproteins occur in both animals and plants..and are intimately concerned in respiration. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xvii. 353 The red corpuscles, which constitute the majority of blood corpuscles, largely consist of hæmoglobin, a chromoprotein, i.e. a coloured conjugated protein in which the prosthetic group contains a metal.
1876S. Kens. Museum Catal. No. 3721 Weber's Chromoptometrical Tables.
Add:[2.] chromodynamic a. Particle Physics, of or pertaining to chromodynamics; usu. in quantum(-)chromodynamic.
1979Physical Rev. Lett. XLIII. 668 (heading) Higher-order quantum *chromodynamic corrections in e+ e- annihilation. 1980Sci. News 9 Feb. 85 How the charmonium states change into one another..and differ from one another is extremely important for an understanding of the characteristic called charm and of the chromodynamic force that holds these structures together. 1985Physical Rev. D XXXI. 917 (heading) Color confinement and the quantum-chromodynamic vacuum. 1987JETP Lett. XLV. 515 The QCD structure of a finite hadronic state in deep inelastic scattering is discussed. Special attention is focused on the physics of the chromodynamic coherence.
chromodyˈnamics n. pl. (const. as sing.) Particle Physics = quantum chromodynamics s.v. quantum n. 7 a.
1976Sci. News 26 June 408/3 Theorists postulated intermediate particles that would carry the force between quarks. These intermediates are called gluons. The whole theory is called chromodynamics. 1985Physical Rev. D XXXII. 223/1 This attempt to construct a quark model with chromodynamics for mesons has been reasonably successful. |