| 释义 |
▪ I. chrome, n. Chem.|krəʊm|
[a. F. chrome, f. Gr. χρῶµα colour; so called by Vauquelin, 1797, from the brilliant colours of its compounds.]
1. a. The name originally given to the metal chromium.
1800Med. Jrnl. III. 173 Cit. Vauquelin..on a new metallic acid which he discovered in the red lead of Siberia..it had the property of changing all its saline or earthy combinations to a red or orange colour. This property, and that of producing variegated and beautiful colours when combined with metals, induced him to give it the name of chrôme. 1808Henry Epit. Chem. (ed. 5) 260 The emerald derives its colour from the oxide of chrome; and the ruby from the acid. 1832G. Porter Porcelain & Gl. 277 The protoxide of chromium may be used for producing a green colour in glass..Chrome is the natural colouring matter of the precious emerald. 1837J. Macculloch Proofs Attrib. God III. xlv. 182 The existence of Chrome was unsuspected. 1871Hartwig Subterr. W. xxxi. 385 Chrome, like cobalt, is used chiefly as a pigment.
b. = chromium(-plate), plating (chromium 2).
1937Chem. Abstr. XXXI. 2763 Chrome-plated molds for semiautomatic machines of the Kutcher type. 1961Amer. Speech XXXVI. 272 Armenian chrome, the aluminium paint used to cover spots on a truck's chrome when preparing it for resale. 1962Which? (Car Suppl.) Oct. 139/2 The chrome strip on the left rear wing was coming adrift. Ibid. 140/1 Lower chrome strip on running board [was] insecure.
2. a. Applied to the yellow pigment and colour obtained from chromate of lead; as orange chrome, lemon chrome.
b. A chromium compound used in dyeing (e.g. sodium dichromate) or tanning.
1876Textile Colourist II. 210 Caustic chrome, that is a mixture of bichromate of potash and lime. 1893E. Knecht et al. Man. Dyeing 771 Potassium bichromate, K2Cr2O7, known to the trade also as ‘bichrome’, or ‘chrome’. 1906Dyer 20 Jan. 10/1 The dyestuffs are fixed with chrome, and the printing colors are best prepared with the addition of acetate of chrome. 1961Blackshaw & Brightman Dict. Dyeing 38 ‘Chrome’, a colloquial term which is applied loosely to any chromium compound which may be used in textile processing.
c. ellipt. for chrome leather. Also attrib.
1907G. D. Abraham Compl. Mountaineer iii. 29 The leather for the uppers should be the best zug or chrome, soft and absolutely waterproof. 1955Times 4 July 11/5 The British chrome kid tanners are concerned chiefly with certain kinds of Indian goatskins which are especially suitable for the chrome kid industry, for shoes, handbags, [etc.].
3. attrib. and Comb., as chrome alum, a double sulphate of chromium and an alkali-metal, isomorphous with common alum; chrome-black, a colour produced by dyeing goods in a black dye and setting the colours by the use of potassium dichromate and copper sulphate; chrome-blue, a mordant coal-tar dye used chiefly in cotton-printing; chrome brick, a brick made from chrome iron ore; chrome colour, a colour prepared from a salt of chromium; chrome furnace, a furnace in which chrome ores are converted into dichromates; chrome garnet, a pigment prepared from basic chromate of lead; chrome green, (a) the sesquioxide of chromium (Cr2O3), much used as a pigment; also (b) applied to a pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue; chrome handler, one who tans leather by treating it with a solution of chromium salts; chrome ink, an ink made from logwood and sodium carbonate; chrome iron ore (also called chrome iron-stone, chrome iron, chrome ore, and chromate of iron, chromite), the most abundant ore of chromium, consisting chiefly of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) and ferrous oxide (FeO); chrome leather, chrome-tanned leather; chrome maker, one who makes chrome yellow pigments; chrome-nickel steel, a steel containing much chromium and nickel; chrome ochre, an argillaceous mineral containing chromic oxide (Cr2O3); chrome orange, chrome red, pigments prepared from the dibasic chromate of lead (2PbO, CrO3); chrome-spinel, picotite; chrome steel, a hard fine-grained steel containing much chromium; chrome-tanning, the tanning of leather by treating it with an acid solution of potassium dichromate and afterwards with a reducing agent, so that chromic oxide combines with the fibre of the leather, rendering it tough and waterproof; hence chrome-tanned leather; chrome violet, a mordant acid-dye; chrome yellow, the neutral chromate of lead (PbCrO4), used as a yellow pigment; also attrib.
1874Crookes Dyeing 544 *Chrome-blacks are cheap. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 690/2 Chrome Black is an oxidation colour produced by printing with logwood liquor and passing the goods through a bath of bichromate of potash.
1892Dyer 20 Jan. 3/1 *Chrome Blue is sold in the form of a paste of a blue-black color. Its special characteristic is that with chrome mordants it gives very bright blues.
1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §102 *Chrome brick maker.
1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 58 *Chrome Furnace Man. 1899Daily News 20 June 5/5 To make a trial of stopping the chrome furnaces.
1876Encycl. Brit. V. 705/1 Ouvarovite, or *chrome garnet, Si3CaCr2O10.
1879Watts Dict. Chem. I. 934 With Prussian blue it [chrome-yellow] forms a green mixture, called *chrome-green, or green cinnabar. Ibid. I. 949 Chromic oxide..forming one of the most permanent greens, called chrome-green.
1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §333 *Chrome handler; immerses hides and skins in chrome tanning pits, under direction of tanyard foreman.
1880Encycl. Brit. XIII. 80/1 Under the name of *chrome ink a black ink was discovered and prepared by the chemist Runge.
1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 245 The chief ore is *chrome Ironstone, a compound isomorphous with Magnetic Oxide of Iron.
1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 390/1 The stuffing with fat or paraffin of *chrome leather. 1909Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 6/2 A band of specially treated chrome leather. 1955Times 11 July 13/5 The serious position of full chrome leather.
1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §143 *Chrome maker; makes chrome yellow pigments by precipitating lead bichromate from a solution of potassium bichromate by running into it a solution of lead nitrate or acetate.
1908Westm. Gaz. 28 Apr. 4/3 Vanadium and *chrome-nickel steels—the most expensive materials as they are considered to be the most suitable.
1805Jameson Min. II. 523 *Chrome ochre.
1892Dana Min. (ed. 6) 221 Picotite or *chrome-spinel.
1878Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXIV. 772 The history of the discovery of *chrome-steel and ferrochrome by Berthier in 1821.
1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 389/2 Heinzerling's *Chrome-tanned Leather. Ibid. 390/1 Sheep skins in chrome-tanning. 1957Ibid. XIII. 849/2 Chrome-tanned leather has exceptionally good wearing properties. 1903Flemming Pract. Tanning 213 The following process of chrome tanning produces leather that possesses the good qualities of both alum and chrome leather. 1907Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XCII. ii. 54 Chrome-tanning Liquors. 1959Chambers's Encycl. XIII. 456/2 In..chrome tanning for upper leather the hide or skin..is immersed in liquors made from chromium salts.
1892Dyer 20 Jan. 3/1 *Chrome Violet..gives a fine red shade of violet, which is equally as fast to soaping as the Chrome Blue.
1819Blackw. Mag. V. 738 A new and beautiful yellow pigment called *chrome yellow or chromate of lead. 1859Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 562/2 The chrome-yellow colour of the walls.
▪ II. chrome, v. Dyeing.|krəʊm|
[f. prec.]
trans. To treat with a chromium solution, e.g. potassium dichromate. Chiefly as ppl. a. and gerund or vbl. n.
1876Textile Colourist II. 35 Dark Brown for Steaming and Chroming. Ibid. 318 Chromed logwood colours have a tendency to become green. 1892Dyer 20 Jan. 3/2 Chrome Violet may be used in wool dyeing on a chromed wool. 1893E. Knecht et al. Man. Dyeing 352 The principal reason that tartar and tartaric acid have not been universally adopted in chroming is the expense. 1906Dyer 20 Feb. 25/1 On chromed material it yields considerably darker shades. 1947Nature 11 Jan. 53/2 Fundamental work on the chroming of wool. 1968Somerset Life Oct./Nov. 26/2 After washing and shearing the skins are then bleached and ‘chromed’ to ensure that they will never go bad.
Add:2. trans. To add chromium-plated accessories to (a vehicle). Cf. *chromed ppl. a. 2.
1954Amer. Speech XXIX. 94 ‘If it won't go, chrome it,’ i.e. if the car isn't fast, make it look pretty. |