| 释义 |
Shoshone, n. and a.|ʃəʊˈʃəʊniː|
Also 9 Shoshonee, -ie; 9– Shoshoni.
[From an unidentified American Indian language; the folk-etymology given in quot. 1918 is rejected by scholars.]
A. n.
1. (A member of) a North American Indian people of Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, and neighbouring states.
1805M. Lewis Jrnl. 19 Aug. in Orig. Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1904) II. xv. 370 The Shoshonees may be estimated at about 100 warriors. 1830Western Monthly Rev. III. 562 The Shoshonee are a numerous and powerful tribe of Indians. 1834A. Pike Prose Sketches & Poems 200 The Shoshones are the Snakes. 1836W. Irving Astoria II. xi. 132 The Shoshonies are a branch of the once powerful and prosperous tribe of the Snakes. 1884W. Shepherd Prairie Exper. 59 The Crows..came down to visit the Rapahoes, Shoshones, and other tribes. 1918J. E. Rees Idaho Chronol., Nomenclature, Bibliogr. 111 The name comes from two Indian words, ‘Shawnt’, meaning ‘abundance’, and ‘shaw-nip’, ‘grass’, which was etymologically changed to the euphonious name ‘Shoshoni’ and in English conveys the thought of ‘abundance of grass’. 1938Bull. U.S. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. No. 120. 238 Shoshoni and Ute were periodically at grips. 1959E. Tunis Indians 91/1 In time, the Shoshone in the far west were following social patterns that had been folk-ways along the Missouri. 1977J. Gunn in Hill & Gunn Individual in Prehistory ix. 190 If it is assumed that Shoshoni ware is truly diagnostic of Shoshoni population movement, these data are incongruent with the proposed 1000-year-later migration of the Shoshoni into the Great Basin.
2. The language of this people, a member of the Uto-Aztecan family (formerly also applied to a grouping of languages including Shoshone).
1843Marryat Travels & Adventures of Monsieur Violet xiv. 33/2, I addressed him in Shoshone, which beautiful dialect is common to the Comanches, Apaches, and Arrapahoes. 1933[see Paiute n. b]. 1977Language LIII. 459 The correlations with Cupan yax ‘to be’, Shoshoni yikwɨ ‘to sit (pl.)’, and a present-tense suffix in Southern Paiute are improbable.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to the Shoshone or their language or a former grouping of languages to which this language was assigned.
1805M. Lewis Jrnl. 17 Aug. in Orig. Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1904) II. xv. 364, I was to bring on the party and baggage to the Shoshone Camp. 1837W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. xvi. 260 There was but little chance of meeting the Shoshonie bands. 1886Outing Dec. 198/2 Dick had..a Shoshone woman for his wife. 1926D. Branch in J. F. Dobie Rainbow in Morning (1965) 128 The precarious, abject living of the Shoshone Diggers. 1956J. Whatmough Lang. xii. 221 A Shoshoni dialect spoken in southwestern Utah. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 16 June 1-a/6 What more fitting tribute to those who fought and died in this struggle, U.S. soldiers, Sioux, Cheyenne, Crow and Shoshone warriors, than to protect it for those who follow us? |