| 释义 |
▪ I. chrism|krɪz(ə)m|
Forms: 1 crisma, crysma, 2–6, 8 crisme, 3–5 crysme, 5 cresme, 6 chresme, 6–7 chrisme, 7 chrysme, 7– chrism.
[Found in different forms. L. chrisma (Tertull.), a. Gr. χρῖσµα anointing, unction, f. χρί-ειν to anoint, regularly became in Romanic cresma, OF. cresme (= crême). The L. was adopted directly in OE. as crisma wk. masc., whence ME. crisme. Alongside of this, from c 1300, is found creme (also creyme, crayme, later creame, cream) and rarely cresme, a. OF. cresme, crême. In the 16th c. both the Fr. and the Eng. word began to be refashioned with ch, after the Latin original, giving mod.F. chrême, and Eng. chrism. The other form creme, cream (in 16th c. occas. chreame), then went out of use; see cream n.1]
1. Oil mingled with balm, consecrated for use as an unguent in the administration of certain sacraments in the Eastern and Western Churches.
a1000Ecgberht's Confess. §36 (Thorpe's Laws II. 162) Mid crysman smyreþ his breost. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2458 Cristene folc..ben smered ðor quiles he liuen Wið crisme and olie. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 71 He ordeynede þat every ȝere crisme and oyle shulde be i-halowed in holy chirche. 1398― Barth. De P.R. ix. xxxi. (1495) 367 On Cene thursdaye Crysma is made of oyle and of Balsamo with the whyche chyldern ben cremyd and enoynted. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 20 The holy cresme. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 377/1 He had as leue..be smered with vnhalowed butter as anoynted wyth the holye chrisme. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xv. 105 Afterwarde was added a taper with chresme. 1614Selden Titles Hon. 133 The Chrism vsd in Confirmation, and only perhaps to that purpose, by the Pope. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 176/1 Then is his head..anointed with Chrism, that is Oyle and Balsome. 1825Southey Paraguay iv. 68 The Pastor..there the font beside, With holy water, chrism and salt applied, Perform'd..the rite.
b. fig.
1805T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 36 Who will ever again come into eminent office unanointed with this chrism. 1874Holland Mistr. Manse ix. 49 Strung into energy intense, At touch of an inspiring Chrism That fell on her. 1880R. Broughton Sec. Th. ii. viii, It [dolorous love] can never be..sweet unless it is laved with the chrism of tears.
c. with extended signif.: Unguent.
1833Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound (1850) I. 161 If a man Fell sick, there was no cure, nor esculent, Nor chrism, nor liquid. 1863Worsley Poems & Transl. 10 Smeared face and hands and raiment with a chrism. 1868Plumptre tr. æschylus' Persians 205, I at the altar stood..wishing holy chrism to pour To the averting Gods.
2. A sacramental anointing; unction.
a1300Cursor M. 29200 In funt stane wen we crisme tak. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 314 a, By confirmation and chrisme is receiued the holy gost. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iv. i. §6 That Chrisme, and other such ceremonies are not to be used in Baptisme. 1874H. Reynolds John Bapt. iii. §3. 191 Without ceremonial guarantee, without chrism, ordination, or hereditary rank.
b. spec. The ceremony of Confirmation, esp. as practised in the Eastern Church.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxvi, Their Baptisme in all respects, was as frustrate as their Chrisme. 1709J. Johnson Clergym. Vade M. ii. 98 They..having learn'd the Creeds and received the Crisme, may partake of the holy mysteries. 1725[see chrisom 1]. 1808R. Porter Trav. Sk. Russ. & Swed. (1813) I. viii. 73 There are seven mysteries..in the Greek church, viz. baptism, the chrism, the eucharist, etc. 1882Mrs. Pitman Mission L. Gr. & Pal. 304 Chrism is an ordinance corresponding somewhat to confirmation in the English Church.
c. Extreme unction.
1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. iii. (1636) 161 With us Chrisme or exteme unction, is not accounted a Sacrament.
d. transf. and fig.
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. xi. Lord's Prayer 4 Let that anointing..descend upon us whereby we may be anointed Kings and Priests by a holy Chrisme. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 196 The reception of the Holy Ghost, sometimes called a chrism or unction. 1871Farrar Witn. Hist. iii. 94. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades i. 19 To dream That the long stain of time might fade and merge In one poor chrism of blood.
3. = chrisom 2, 4.
c890K. ælfred Bæda ii. xiv. Ða ærran tweᵹen [beorn] under crisman [primi albati adhuc] forþᵹeferdon. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (1835) 286 She made also crysmys ful dylygently For pore chyldryn whan thai shul crystyn be. 1616Bullokar, Chrisme, sometime it is taken for a white linnen cloth wrapped about an infant after it is newlie christened. 1623in Cockeram. 1704[see chrisom 4 b].
4. attrib. and Comb., as chrism-child, chrism-cloth, chrism-loosing: see chrisom; chrism-liquor, chrism-money.
1609Bp. Hall Dissuasive fr. Popery (1627) 641 Balsam, pure wax, and chrismes-liquor cleere. 1787Archæologia VIII. 224 The chrism money was granted by Ernulf to the monks of his priory.
▪ II. † chrism, v. Obs.
Also 6 chresme.
[a. OF. cresmer, and med.L. chrismāre f. chrisma (see prec.).]
trans. To anoint with chrism. Hence chrismed ppl. a.
a1400Morte Arth. 1065 Þow killide has þise cresmede childyre. 1537Abp. Lee in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. ii. App. lxxxviii. 230 He that is baptized shal never be a Christen man, unles he be chrismed by the confirmation of the Bishop. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xix. 151 They adde furthermore, that..he shall neuer be a Christian, that is not chresmed with the Bishopps Confirmation..By this sentence ar damned al the Apostles..whom it is moste certaine to haue neuer bene chresmed. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 384 The Messiah, that is, the chrismed or anointed. |