| 释义 |
▪ I. choral, a.1|ˈkɔərəl|
[ad. F. choral or med.L. chorālis belonging to a chorus or choir.]
1. a. Of or belonging to a choir; sung by a choir.
choral service: a church service in which the canticles, anthem, etc., are sung by the choir; when the versicles, responses, etc. are also sung or chanted, it is called a full choral service.
1656Blount Glossogr., Choral, belonging to the Chorus or Quire. 1823Byron Juan xiii. lxiii, The distant echo..harmonised by the old choral wall. 1843J. Jebb Choral Service Ch. ii, The highest..mode is that which is properly called Choral or Cathedral Service. 1853Marsden Early Purit. 85 The use of organs was not essential to public worship: nor choral chanting.
b. choral vicar, vicar choral: ‘one of the officers of a cathedral whose duty it is to sing that portion of the music of the services which can be performed by laymen or men in minor orders. In some of the old cathedrals they formed a corporation, often jointly with the priest vicars. In many cathedrals the vicars choral were formerly in priests' orders’. (Stainer and Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms.)
1587Fleming Cont. Holinshed III. 1302/1 The patronage..which he gave and impropriated unto the vicars chorall of his church. 1670Blount Law Dict., Mr. Dugdale (in his history of S. Paul's Church, p. 172) says, There were anciently six vicars choral belonging to that Church. 1878Clergy List, Cathedral Establ., Hereford..College of Vicars Choral.
†c. choral bishop: (see quot.) Obs.
1771Antiq. Sarisb., Lives Bishops 177 Upon St. Nicholas's day, the 6th of December, the children of the Choir elected from among themselves a Bishop whom we shall call the Choral Bishop.
d. Applied to interpretative reading or recitation of poetry, drama, etc., by a group of voices.
1933Amer. Speech VIII. iv. 39/1, I merely raise the question as to whether choral reading belongs in the curriculum, whether it can be a substitute for sound courses in oral interpretation of literature and cultural dramatics. 1936Time Table of Festival of Spoken Poetry (Oxford) 8 Choral Speaking..Teams of 5 or 7 speakers. Test Piece: ‘At Parting’, by Algernon Swinburne. 1937M. Gullan (title) The Speech Choir, with American Poetry and English Ballads for Choral Reading.
2. a. Of, belonging to, or of the nature of a chorus; sung in chorus; containing a chorus or choruses.
1667Milton P.L. v. 162 With songs and choral symphonies. 1795Southey Joan of Arc iv. 154 They raised the choral hymn, ‘Thee Lord we praise, our God’! 1880Rockstro in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 544 Such choral writing as his [Handel's] had not yet been heard.
†b. Forming a chorus or band of singers. ? Obs.
a1711Ken Hymns Festiv. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 208 You Choral Angels at the Throne. 1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 2367 The song of angels, all the melodies Of choral gods.
c. choral society, a society of people interested in choral music.
1858Queen Victoria Let. 29 June in Dearest Child (1964) 118 The Choral Society of Bradford sang in the Great Ballroom two hundred in number and beautifully. 1873C. M. Yonge Pillars of House I. xi. 220 The members of the choir and choral society. 1892― That Stick i. 3 His recreations were of the sober-sided sort—the chess club, the institute, the choral society. 1966‘S. Woods’ Let's choose Executors 10 She had a deep voice, rather pleasant, so that he thought of the local Choral Society.
3. Antiq. Pertaining to, or forming, a chorus, as in the ancient Greek religious festivals.
1669T. Le Blanc in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. xcvii. 8 A custom of forming choral bands of maidens after a victory. 1821Byron Juan iii. xxx, Bounded to her song With choral step and voice, the virgin throng. 1870Bryant Iliad I. iii. 100 Who goes to mingle in the choral dance.
▪ II. † choral, a.2 Obs. rare.
[f. Gr. χώρα country + -al1: see below.]
In Choral bishop, repr. Gr. χωρεπίσκοπος country-bishop, suffragan bishop.
1636Prynne Unbish. Tim. (1661) 51 Popes, Patriarks, Metropolitans, Archbishops and Choral Bishops..usually ordain Ministers. Ibid. 53 The Council of Hispalis ..decrees that Presbyters and Choral Bishops, which are all one.
▪ III. choral, chorale, n. Mus.|kɒˈrɑːl, ˈkɔərəl; often incorrectly kɒˈrɑːleɪ|
[a. Ger. choˈral, in choral-gesang, = med.L. cantus chorāl-is: see choral a.
App. the e has been added to indicate stress on the second syllable (cf. locale, morale); it is often mistaken to mean a separate syllable.]
1. A sacred choral song characteristic of the reformed church of Germany; a metrical hymn set to a tune of simple devotional character, and usually sung in unison. Also used of the tune without reference to the words.
Well-known examples are Luther's ‘Ein' feste Burg’ and Crüger's ‘Nun danket alle Gott’. ‘Choral-gesang’ was originally the Plain-song of the Latin church, which Luther wished to retain. It was only when German metrical hymns gradually superseded in common use the other parts of the service, that the name choral in course of time became restricted to the melodies of these hymns’. J. R. M. in Grove Appx.
1841Longfellow Children Lord's Sup. 44 David's harp in the North-land Tuned to the Choral of Luther. 1855Albrechtsberger's Compos. 188 Fugues contain only the chorale in one part. 1862Lady Wallace Mendelssohn's Lett. 16 Oct. 1830, I finished..a choral in three movements for chorus and orchestra. 1867Macfarren Harmony i. 15 The Lutheran Choral, ‘An Wasserflüssen Babylons’. 1886Spurgeon Treas. Dav. (Ps.) cxxx. 8 This is no cry out of the depths, but a chorale in the heights.
2. (chorale.) A group of singers who sing principally choral music. Chiefly in the names of choirs. U.S.
1942N.Y. Times 22 Mar. viii. 6/4 The Collegiate Chorale, directed by Robert Shaw. 1949Étude Apr. 205/4 Robert Shaw, who ten years ago came east from California to direct the Fred Waring Glee Club, and then his own Collegiate Chorale, with sensational success, is retiring from all activities to devote two years to intensive study of orchestral conducting. 1972South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) 14 Aug. 24/5 The chorale will give a performance. 1985N.Y. Times 27 Aug. a18/4 ‘Every third person you meet on the street in Washington is a chorale conductor,’ said Paul Hill, who conducts the Paul Hill Chorale, a 165-voice amateur ensemble.
▪ IV. choral, v. rare.
[f. choral a.1, or ? chorale. Cf. also carol.]
To sing in chorus.
1825Hone Every Day Bk. I. 1407 They choralled in tender tones ‘Great God!’ |