| 释义 |
▪ I. chloro-1|ˈklɔərəʊ, ˈklɒrəʊ|
before a vowel commonly shortened to chlor-1.
[a. Gr. χλωρο- combining form of χλωρός green, pale green, as in χλωρόκοµος green-leaved, χλωρο-µέλαν pale black.]
An element in many modern scientific terms, chiefly of Botany and Mineralogy. Besides those explained in their alphabetical places, are the following: chlorocarpous |-ˈkɑːpəs|, a. Bot. [Gr. καρπός fruit: see -ous], ‘having yellow or greenish fruit’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); chloroˈcruorin (see quot.); chloroˈgenic acid, Chem. [Gr. -γενικος producing] = caffetannic acid (see caffeic), so called from colouring ferric salts green; chlorogenin |-ˈɒdʒɪnɪn|, Chem., a substance obtained from madder, which forms a green powder; chloˈromelan, chloroˈmelanite, Min. [Gr. χλωροµέλαν- pale black] = cronstedtite; chlorophæite |-ˈfiːaɪt|, Min. [Gr. ϕαιός brown], a hydrated silicate of iron, occurring in amygdaloid, of a dark green colour, changing on exposure to brown or black; ˈchlorophan |-fæn|, Phys. and Chem. [Gr. -ϕανης, -ϕανος showing], ‘the greenish-yellow form of chromophane’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈchlorophane |-feɪn|, Min. [as prec.], a variety of fluor spar which exhibits a green phosphorescent light when heated; chlorophanerite |-ˈfænəraɪt|, Min. [Gr. ϕανερός manifest + -ite], a variety of glauconite or green earth occurring in eruptive rocks; chloˈrophanous a. [Gr. -ϕανος showing: see -ous], ‘of a yellow or yellowish appearance’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈchlorophyte [Gr. ϕυτόν plant], any plant having a successive evolution and green parts or expansions (Syd. Soc. Lex.); chlorosperm |-spɜːm|, Bot. [Gr. σπέρµα seed], a sea-weed belonging to the division Chlorospermæ or Chlorosporæ, characterized by green spores; chlorospinel |-ˈspɪnəl|, Min., a variety of spinel of a green colour, due to the presence of copper; chloroˈtannin, Chem., ‘a term for tannin when coloured with chlorophyll’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈchlorotile, Min. [Gr. τίλος fibre], ‘a hydrous arseniate of copper, occurring in capillary green crystals’ (Dana 1879); chloroˈxanthous, a. [Gr. ξανθός yellow: see -ous], ‘of a green or olive and yellow colour’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1881Syd. Soc. Lex., Chlorocruorin, a green substance which, according to Ray Lankester, is the cause of the green colour of the blood of some species of Sabella. 1832Shepard Min. 124 Chloromelan (see Cronstedite). 1887Athenæum 3 Sep. 317/3 Magnificent specimens of Oriental jade, together with chlormelanite, amber, and callaïs. 1822Cleveland Min. 476 Chlorophæite. 1843Portlock Geol. 227 Chlorophæite..is a common mineral in the Irish trap. 1802W. Nicholson Jrnl. Nat. Philos. I. 151 On the Chlorophane, and a supposed new Variety of Barytes. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 160 Chlorophane gives out abundantly an emerald green light by the mere heat of the hand; and after being exposed to the sun, or even to a candle, continues to shine in a dark place for some time. 1857Shepard Min., Chlorophanerite. 1857Berkeley Cryptog. Bot. §88 Species possessing the true green of Chlorosperms and the rosy purple of Rhodosperms. 1884Public Opinion 3 Oct. 426/1 The green varieties, called Chlorosperms, have their abode in shallow waters. 1850Dana Min. 371 Chlorospinel is a grassgreen spinel.
▪ II. chloro-2 Chem.
Combining form of chlorine, chloride, chloric, chlorous, used (chiefly before a consonant) in forming names of chlorine compounds and substitution products: see chlor-2. a. esp. in names of substitution products formed by the action of chlorine on other bodies specified; e.g. chloroˈbenzene, formed from benzene by the substitution of one or more chlorine atoms for hydrogen atoms; so chloro-benzamide, chloro-benzide, chloro-benzil, chloro-benzoic, etc.; chlorocyanamide, chloro-cyanilide; chloro-ethane; chloromethane, chloro-methyl, etc.; chloro-propionic, etc.; chloroproteic, chloroquinone, chloro-salicin, chlorotoluene, chlorovaleric, etc. b. chloro-aurate, a compound of chloride of gold with a basic chloride or a hydrochlorate; chlorobromide, a compound containing chlorine and bromine in union with a metal or organic radical, as chlorobromide of silver; chlorobromiodide, a similar compound containing chlorine, bromine, and iodine; chlorobromoform, a liquid (HCCl2Br) intermediate between chloroform (HCCl3) and bromoform (HCBr3); chlorocarbonic acid, a synonym of carbonyl chloride or phosgene gas (COCl2); chlorochloric, name given to a supposed acid, of composition Cl6O13; chlorochromate, a salt of chlorochromic acid, an oxychloride of chromium (CO2Cl2); chlorocyanic acid, early name of cyanogen chloride, CNCl; chlorohydric, etc., chloroiodide: see chlor-2; chloroˈmanganese, commercial name of manganese chloride, used as a disinfectant; chloroˈmercurate, a compound of mercuric chloride with a basic metallic chloride or a hydrochlorate; chloroˈpalladate, a compound of chloride of palladium analogous to the prec.; chloro-perchloric, name of an acid of supposed structure Cl6O17; chloroˈpicrin, a colourless oily liquid formed by distilling picric acid with chloride of lime; chloroˈplatinate, a compound of tetrachloride of platinum, analogous to chloroaurates; so chloroˈplatinous a.; chloroˈstannate, a similar compound of chloride of tin; chlorosulphuric acid, old name of sulphuryl chloride.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 417 Auric chloride combines with a number of metallic Chlorides, forming a series of double salts, called *Chloro-aurates.
Ibid. 813 *Chloro⁓benzoic Acid treated with sodium amalgam and water is converted into benzoic acid.
Ibid. 427 The *chlorobromide is prepared by treating tetrammonio-platinous chloride with bromine.
1881Athenæum 15 Jan. 98/3 On some *Chloro⁓bromiodides of Silver.
1882― 16 Dec. 818/2 The author has detected carbon tetrabromide, bromoform, and *chloro⁓bromoform.
1819J. G. Children Chem. Anal. 7 Acid Gases..hydrochloric, carbonic and *chlorocarbonic acids. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 363 Chloro-carbonic acid has an intolerably pungent odour, and excites a copious flow of tears.
1876Harley Mat. Med. 138 Euchlorine, an explosive yellow gas, composed of a mixture of chlorine and *chlorochloric acid.
1854Ronald Chem. Techn. I. 371 We have heard that *chlorochromic acid has been dispensed with in the purification of the paraffine. 1871Schellen's Spectrum Anal. 434 The absorption spectrum of the vapor of chlorochromic anhydride.
1819J. G. Children Chem. Anal. 323 *Chlorocyanic acid was first observed by Berthollet, and called by him ‘oxyprussic acid.’
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 579 *Chloroethane is often called Hydrochloric ether.
1856Kane Arct. Exp. II. xi. 34 A *chlorohydrated tincture.
1848Dana Zooph. 714 Dissolved in *chlorohydric acid.
1853R. Hunt Man. Photogr. 246 The *chloroiodide of lime may be formed in the same manner.
1884Health Exhib. Catal. 63/1 *Chloromanganese..Camphoric Anti⁓septico, Salicylic Acid.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 549 Chlorine and Methane, exposed to diffuse daylight, yield the compound called *chloromethane or methyl-chloride.
1843Graves Clinical Med. 33 The chlorure platinosopotassique now considered as a compound of chloroplatinous acid, and the chlorobase of potassium, must then be called *chloroplatinate of potassium. 1854Orr's Circ. Sc., Chem. 333 The chloroplatinate of ammonia..is a yellow salt. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 422 Double salts called platino-chlorides or chloro-platinates.
1847–9Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 164 This substance [i.e. Chlorite of protein] is sometimes called *Chloroproteic acid.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 444 Stannic chloride forms with alkaline earth-metals, crystalline double-salts, called Stanno-chlorides or *Chlorostannates.
1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 401 Some chemists have..proposed to call it the *chloro-sulphuric acid.
c. Also in some names of minerals containing chlorine; as chloroˈcalcite [calcite], a native chloride of calcium from Vesuvius; named 1872 (Dana); chloroˈthionite [Gr. θεῖον sulphur], a doubtful mixture of chloride of copper and sulphate of potassium from Vesuvius; named 1873. |