| 释义 |
chirurgeon arch.|kaɪˈrɜːdʒən, tʃɪ-|
Forms: α. 3 cirurgian, 4 sir-, 5 cerurgien, 6 ci-, cyrurgyen, syrurgyan. β. 6 (chirurgean(e, chierurgion), 6–7 chi-, chyrurgian, chy-, 6–8 chirurgion, (7 shirurgion), 6–8 chy-, 7–9 chirurgeon.
[In ME., a. OF. cirurgien (= Sp. cirurgiano, Pg. cirurgião):—Romanic type *cirurgi-an-o f. cirurgía: see chirurgy. In later OF. serurgien, contracted surgien, whence Eng. sirurgien, surgien, now corruptly surgeon. The Renascence brought back to Fr. and Eng. (partly also to It.) the spelling chir-, but never to French the pronunciation with k, which has now established itself in Eng., largely because the word being no longer in popular use, the traditional pronunciation has yielded to a new one, founded immediately upon the Gr. The original ending which would normally give mod. chirurgian, was variously perverted in 16th c., and finally settled down in its present form: cf. surgeon. The result of these successive re-formations and perversions is that the modern (kaɪˈrɜːdʒən) is, strictly, a different word from ME. |sɪˈrʊrdʒɪən|, though it would be difficult to draw a chronological line between the two.]
One whose profession it is to cure bodily diseases and injuries by manual operation; a surgeon.
α1297R. Glouc. 566 Maister Philip Porpeis, þat was a quointe man, & hor cirurgian. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋45 (Harl. MS.) A sirurgien..up ros, and to Melibeus sayde, etc. [Of 6-text, 2 MSS. have sirurgien; 2 surgien; 1 surgeen; 1 surgeane.] 14..J. Arderne in Rel. Ant. I. 191 To aske counsell at all the lechez and cerurgienz that he myghte fynd. 1530Palsg. 455, I bynde with a clothe as a cirurgyen dothe his pacyentes sore. 1541R. Copland (title) Guydon's Questyonary of Cyrurgyens, etc. 1549Compl. Scot. xv. 129 Gif ane cirurgyen vald drau part of there blude.
β1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 64 Wes no chirurgeane of his craft so slie. 1547Boorde Brev. Health Pref. 3 b, Chierurgions ought to be wyse, gentyll, sober. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry vi. i. (1660) 379 Bearing of the Worshipfull Company of Barber Chirurgions. 1613Purchas Pilgr. I. vii. vi. 570 The Arts of the Apothecarie and Chirurgian. 1661P. Henry Diary 24 Aug., Sister Mary went to Chester to a Shirurgion. 1667E. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. (1684) 79 The Physicians to..use the assistance only of such Chyrurgeons as are prescribed in the Warrant. 1695New Light Chirurg. Put out Introd. 10 Mr. Harris, Chirurgion to the Regiment. 1708Royal Proclm. 20 May in Lond. Gaz. No. 4440/1 Midshipmen..Quarter-Masters Mates, Chirurgeons Mates. 1715Ibid. No. 5298/3 Alexander Inglis, Esq., to be Chyrurgeon-General of his Majesty's Forces. 1760Johnson Lett. 18 Oct. in Boswell, I am glad that the chirurgeon at Coventry gives him so much hope. 1823Byron Juan viii. xciv, If there might be chirurgeons who could solder The wounds they richly merited.
b. fig.
15..Sc. Poems 16th C. (1801) II. 160 Thou art the chirurgian sure That hailis all eirdly creature. 1631Quarles Samson Div. Poems (1717) 310 Thou great Chirurgion of a bleeding soul. 1670Baxter Cure Ch.-Div. Pref. i. §1 Such excellent Chirurgeons, that they will heal Christs body by separating the members. |