| 释义 |
▪ I. chime, n.1|tʃaɪm|
Forms: 3–4 chymbe, chimbe, 4–6 chyme, 4, 7 chim, 5 chymme, (6 cheyme, cheime), 4– chime.
[This and the verb of same form are of somewhat obscure history; but they were evidently derived in some way from L. cymbalum cymbal, in OE. cimbal, cimbala, which would naturally give a ME. *chimbel, *chimble. Cf. also MHG. zimbel, zimel m. and n., zimbele f. ‘a small bell struck with a hammer.’ But while ME. chimbe, chime, chim agrees with the first part of chimbel, the loss of the latter part is not clearly accounted for (cf. however much, lite, badde, from muchel, litel, bæddel). Chimbe may however have been from OF.: Godefroy has a single instance of chinbe = cymbal. As to the passages in which ‘cymbal’ is expressed by chymbe belle, chymme belle, these may indicate that a ME. *chimbel was thus popularly understood and divided, making chimbe or chim a distinct word; but, on the other hand, if chimbe or chim already existed, the analysis of chimbel as chimbe bell would be equally natural. The following are the instances in question:
c1300K. Alis. 1852 Anon he doth his bemen blowe, v.c. [500] on a throwe. His chymbe belle he doth rynge, And doth dassche gret taborynge. c1440Promp. Parv. 75 Ch(y)mme belle [H. P. chyme bell], cimbalum. ]
†1.
a. A cymbal. Obs.
a1300E.E. Psalter Ps. cl. 5 Loves him ever in lande, In chimbes ful wele ringande [Wyclif, cymbalis wel sounende]. a1300Cursor M. 12193 Als a chim [Gött. chime, Trin. chymbe] or brasin bell, Þat noþer can vnderstand ne tell. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11387 Fyþeles, sitoles, sautreours, Belles, chymbes, and symfan. a1340Hampole Psalter cl. 5 Louys him in chymys wele sownand? louys him in chymys of ioiynge.
b. ? Instrumental music. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (MS. Inner Temple cf. Rolls ed. 4209) He couth so mykelle musik and chyme, That the pupille said in his tyme, He was god of fithelers.
2. a. An apparatus or arrangement for striking a bell or set of bells so as to make it or them ‘chime’ or emit a musical sound.
The earliest method appears to have consisted of hammers actuated by pegs on a revolving barrel.
1463Bury Wills (1850) 9, I wille yt John Elys..owyr se the chymes at Seynt Marie awter, and the chymes in y⊇ stepyll, therto make a newe barell wiche is redy, and to make plombes of leed and newe lynes and ropys. Ibid. 28 To kepe the clokke, take hede to the chymes..so that the seid chymes fail not to goo thourgh the defawte of the seid sexteyn. 1541Ludlow Churchw. Acc. 4 Bought a roope for the cheymys. 1593Rites & Mon. Ch. Durh. (1842) 34 And maide a goodly chyme to be sett on the said bells. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 159 When he speakes, 'Tis like a Chime a mending. c1645Howell Lett. ii. xv, Those curious quadrants..chims and dialls..were first us'd by them.
b. spec. (Usu. in pl.) Such an arrangement used as a door-bell.
1934Pop. Sci. Monthly CXXIV. 65 (title) How to make a set of musical electric chimes to replace your noisy old doorbell. Ibid. 65/1 Although expensive to buy, suitable door chimes are easy to construct. 1963‘L. Egan’ Run to Evil vii. 76 The front-door chimes produced only silence.
3. Hence, A set of bells in a church tower, etc., so attuned as to give forth a succession of musical notes, or to be capable of playing tunes when thus struck, or when slightly swung. (See chime v.1 2 b.) Applied also to the small set of hand-bells used in the R.C. Ch. service; the set of bells with their strikers in an organ or musical box, etc.
1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 112 Should that clocke haue a chime? 1804J. Grahame Sabbath 98 Almost beyond the sound of city chime. 1847Tennyson Princ. i. 213 Noise Of clocks and chimes. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., A set of three small bells mounted in a stand for ringing by hand, used in the Roman Catholic church service, is also called a chime, or altar chime.
4. The series of musical sounds, or tune, played on such sets of bells when struck in succession.
1530Palsgr. 205/1 Chyme of belles, gamme. c1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 228 Wee haue heard the Chymes at mid-night. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 331 The chimes, numeri ad quos campanæ pulsantur. 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms iv. 647 Ring on, ye bells! most pleasant is your chime. 1829Hood Eug. Aram xxvi, All night I lay in agony From weary chime to chime. 1847A. Gatty Bell iv. 24 Chimes on the Continent are played by means of a barrel, like that in a hand organ, on which pegs are so arranged as to lift the levers in such harmonious succession that a tune is produced. 1876Green Stray Stud. 3 The chime of a village clock falls faintly on the ear.
5. transf. The sequence of harmonious sounds given forth by any musical instrument; the musical sound, ‘music’ or ‘melody’ of any movement, etc.; harmony, musical concord.
1608Machin Dumb Knt. ii, It was as silver, as the chime of spheres. 1634Milton Comus 1018 She can teach ye how to climb Higher than the sphery chime. 1667― P.L. xi. 559 The sound Of Instruments that made melodious chime Was heard, of Harp and Organ. 1772Sir W. Jones Seven Fount. (1777) 35 The chime of tuneful strings. 1782Cowper Progr. Err. 14 Musical as the chime of tinkling rills.
fig.1819Wordsw. Waggoner Concl. 38 Mighty Fairfield, with a chime Of echoes, to his march kept time. 1838Thirlwall Greece V. xl. 134 The silver chime of his melodious eloquence.
6. a. The rhythm, ‘music’, or ‘ring’ of verse.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Char. Perfect Anagram Wks. (1711) 231 For the use of the anagram..It may be the title or inscription of a tomb..the chyme of verses. 1697Dryden Virg. Eclog. ix. 73 Now the Chime of Poetry is done. 1850Whipple Ess. & Rev. (ed. 3) II. 22 The sinewy vigor and sonorous chime which generally distinguish his style.
b. depreciatively. Mere rime, jingle.
a1674Clarendon Surv. Leviath. 37 Confounding..their understandings, by a chime of words. a1734North Exam. ii. iv. ⁋20 (1740) 242 Nothing but an empty Chime of Words signifying nothing. c1793Southey Devil's Walk 39 In ding-dong chime of sing-song rhyme.
7. fig. A system of which all the parts are in harmony, showing a correspondence of proportion or relation.
c1630Milton At a Solemn Music, Disproportion'd sin Jarr'd against natures chime, and with harsh din Broke the fair Musick. 1633B. Jonson Epithalam., The kindly season of the time..calls all creatures forth, To doe their offices in nature's chime. 1701Grew Cosm. Sacr. (J.), The conceptions of things are placed in their several degrees of similitude; as in several proportions, one to another: in which harmonious chime, the voice of reason is often drowned.
8. fig. Accord, harmony, harmonious correspondence. Phrases, to fall into chime with, keep chime with.
1847Emerson Poems, Woodnotes ii. Wks. (Bohn) I. 428 Primal chimes of sun and shade, Of sound and echo. 1858Sears Athan. ii. xi. 243 Each essential to the other and keeping chime with it. 1858Bushnell Serm. New Life 167 A nature gloriously akin to God in its mold, falling freely into chime with his freedom. 1879H. Maudsley Pathol. Mind viii. 410 Others have found no such happy chime of fact and theory.
9. Comb., as chime-keeper, chime-maker, chime-player, etc.; chime-barrel, a barrel or cylinder (in clocks, a prolongation of the striking wheel), studded with pins placed so as to lift the tails of the bell-hammers in due succession; chime-bell: see above.
1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 332 A chimekeeper, nolarum curator. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., By setting the names of your bells at the head of any tune, that tune may easily be transferred to the chime-barrel. 1872Ellacombe Bells of Ch. ii. 21 In the last century..chime barrels..were more common than at present..various psalm tunes were usually set in them.
▪ II. chime, chimb, n.2|tʃaɪm|
Also 4 chimbe, 6 chyme, 9 chimb.
[ME. chimb(e: cf. OE. ‘cim-stanas bases of a pillar’ alleged by Somner. Also Du. kim, MDu. kimme (*kembe, *kemme, Flem. kemme) fem., edge of a cask, MLG. kimme fem., kimm masc., mod.G. kimme, edge, border (kimm-wasser bilge-water); which appear to point to a WGer. *kimma or *kimba fem. App. related is OE. cimbing, explained as ‘commissura’, ? joining, jointing; cf. Ger. kimmung horizon, mirage, kimmen to notch, provide with a ‘chimb’. The general sense appears to be ‘edge’. In late use the word is often altered to chine.]
1. The projecting rim at the ends of a cask, formed by the ends of the staves. (Also applied loosely by coopers to the staves themselves; quot. 1580 takes it as the ‘head’ of a cask.)
[a800Erfurt Gloss. 291 Commissuras, cimbing. ― Corpus Gloss. 554 Commisura, cimbing. a1000Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 206 Commisura, s. dicitur tabularum coniunctio, ᵹefeᵹ, cimbing, clut, uel flihteclaþ.] c1386Chaucer Reeve's Prol. 41 Almoost al empty is the tonne. The streem of lyf now droppeth on the chymbe [2 MSS. chimbe]. 1513Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 266 Whan ye sette a pype on broche..set it foure fynger brede aboue y⊇ nether chyme. 1671Skinner, Chimb, the Vttermost part of a Barrell. 1721Urry Gloss. Chaucer, Chimbe, the Rim of a Cooper's Vessel on the outside of the Head. The end of the Staves from the Grooves outward are called the Chimes. 1755Johnson, Chimb, the end of a barrel or tub. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 207 A cock is to be fixed in one of the staves, about an inch above the bottom chimb. 1840R. Dana Bef. Mast xxv. 79 A false deck, which was rough and oily, and cut up in every direction by the chimes of oil-casks. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss. (E.D.S.), Chime (pron. choime), a stave of a cask, barrel, etc. 1888Pall Mall G. 11 Sept. 5/1 Seated on the edge of the canoe, which was almost as sharp as the chime of a cask.
2. ‘That part of the water-way [plank which connects the sides of a ship to the deck] which is left the thickest, so as to project above the deck-plank, and is notched or gouged hollow in front, to let the water run free’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., s.v. Chine, to which he refers chime). [So Ger. kimme ‘am schiffe der äuszere rand’, Hildebrand.]
▪ III. chime, v.1|tʃaɪm|
Also 4 chimbe; 4–7 chyme, (6 chim).
[ME. chimbe, chyme, belongs to chimbe, chyme, chime n.1
A corresponding verb occurs in the mod. Scandinavian langs. and dialects. In Swedish dial., Ihre 1766 has kimba ‘to strike the bell with a quick succession of strokes’ as used in Upland; it is now obs. there, but still used in part of Finland (Uleåborg). Kimma (pronounced ˈtʃɪmə) is in Götland ‘to strike a church bell with the clapper instead of ringing’, and in the island of Gotland (pron. ˈkɪmə) ‘to strike a bell with a hammer or smooth stone’. Norwegian (Aasen) has kime |ˈtʃiːmə| in same sense, and Danish kime |ˈkiːmə| to ring an alarum bell, toll a bell, ring chimes. Although thus widely diffused, the word is not in ON., nor even in the lang. of the middle period bef. the Reformation in 1527; Swedish scholars think it possibly from English.]
1. intr. To resound when struck, give forth a musical sound, ring out; to tinkle. arch.
a1340Hampole Psalter (Ps.) xi. 7, Imange all metalles nan is þat swetterly chymes þan syluere. 1393Gower Conf. II. 13 The belle Whiche hath no clapper for to chime. 1600Dr. Dodypoll iii. iii. in Bullen Old Pl. III. 132 Chime, hollow caves, and chime you whistling reedes. 1607T. Walkington Opt. Glass 90 Their eares doe chime and tingle. 1784Cowper Task i. 193 Rills..chiming as they fall Upon loose pebbles.
fig.1833Tennyson Poems 121 To whom..The life before, the life behind, In the ear, from far and near, Chimeth musically clear.
b. trans. (with the sound or music as object). arch.
1613Heywood Silver Age iii. i. Wks. 1874 III. 127 Thou chim'st me spheare-like musicke. 1793Southey Chapel Bell II. 143, I love the bell that calls the poor to pray, Chiming from village church its cheerful sound. 1806A. Duncan Nelson's Fun. 20 The..bell..chiming a funeral peal.
2. intr. To produce a musical sound from a bell (or the like) by striking it (or by other means than ordinary ‘ringing’: see b).
c1440Promp. Parv. 75 Chymyn or chenken wythe bellys [1499 clynke bell], tintillo. 1626Bacon Sylva §124 By Chiming with a Hammer upon the outside of a Bell. 1872Ellacombe Bells of Ch. ii, Chiming in the regular way, i.e. swinging the bells just enough to make the clappers strike.
b. trans. To strike (a bell, etc.) so that a musical sound is given forth. See quot. 1880.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 252 With lifted Arms they order ev'ry Blow, And chime their sounding Hammers in a Row. 1760Goldsm. Cit. W. cxxiii, The man in black sat next his mistress, helped her plate, chimed her glass. 1880Grove Dict. Mus. I. 346 A bell is said to be chimed when she is swung through the smallest part of a circle possible so as to make the clapper strike, or when a separate hammer is fixed apart from her and she is struck by it. There are many different machines by which one man can chime any number of bells.
3. To ring chimes with a set of musically attuned bells.
a. intr.
1530Palsgr. 484/1 It is churche holyday to morowe..in the nexte parysshe, for they haue chymed there all this afternoone.
b. trans. (with the bells as object).
1611Cotgr., Carillonner, to chyme, or knowle, bels. 1639Horn & Robotham Gate Lang. Unl. lix. (1643) §629 The Sexton by chiming the bels in due measure, in the steeple or belfree, calleth the congregation together to divine service. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 454 Eight bells are chimed for an hour together.
4. intr. Said of a set of bells: To ring ? harmoniously, to ring chimes. See chime n.1
1633G. Herbert Temple, Church-Porch lxv, When the bells do chime 'Tis angels musick. 1832Tennyson Pal. Art xl, Those great bells Began to chime. 1833J. Rennie Alph. Angling, A number of little bells are attached in such a manner as to chime in harmony when the nets are moved. 1870E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. III. 84 The bells chimed for early morning service.
b. trans. To indicate (the hour) by chiming.
1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 112, I..might set the clocke..To strike and chime xij.
c. intr. With the hour as subject.
1867Ouida C. Castlemaine (1879) 18 The noon hours chimed from the bell-tower.
d. fig. (trans. and intr.)
1580–3Greene Mamillia Wks. 1881–6 II. 85 Perceiuing Gostino to craue rest and that his drowsie eyes chymed for sleepe. 1596P. Colse Penelope (1880) 171 How sore for sleepe my eielids chim? 1624Massinger Bondman ii. iii, If I did not..Look on my watch when my guts chimed twelve, and wear A state beard..degrade me! 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 693 My guts chime twelve, jam annum esurio. 1768Ray's Prov. s.v. Belly, Your Belly chimes, it's time to go to dinner. 1820Scott Ivanhoe vi, My ears are chiming vespers with the strength of your good wine.
5. trans. To bring or put (into or out of a state or place) by chiming, summon by chiming.
1588Greene Poems (1861) 292 The clock..chimes her fast asleep. 1589― Arcadia (1616) 14 Seeing they were wearie, and that sleepe chimed on to rest. 1647Cleveland Char. Lond. Diurn. 4 One chimes all in, and then the other strikes up, as the Saints-Bell. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 460 Song, fashionably fruitless!.. Chiming her saints to Cytherea's fane. 1820Southey Life Wesley II. 403 His enemies had the indecency to chime him out of the church. 1859Kingsley Plays & Purit. Misc. II. 140 As God's bells chiming him home in triumph.
6. Said of the human voice: To recite or repeat in cadence or mechanically; to prate, din (into the ears).
a. intr.
c1386Chaucer Reeve's Prol. 42 The sely tonge may wel rynge and chimbe Of wrecchednes, that passed is ful yoore.
b. trans.
1697C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 186 Words which the Quakers have Chim'd over and over against us. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 495 Both [the orthodox and freethinkers] expect that a constant repetition of positive assertions chimed into their ears by others, should pass for proof and explanation. Ibid. II. 373 Continual harangues chimed always in the same strain. 1809Byron Bards & Rev. 918 Let simple Wordsworth chime his childish verse. 1814J. Gilchrist Reason Arbiter of Lang. 99 A senseless baby or drivelling idiot chimes over the same word without meaning or reason.
7. intr. Of verses, etc.: To rime or jingle.
a1667Cowley Liberty Wks. (1710) II. 691 In the same Tune it shall not always Chime. 1704J. Trapp Abra-Mulé Prol. 15 His Numbers rarely chime, Nor bless the Gall'ries with the Sweets of Rhime.
b. trans. (causative).
1878Masque Poets 11 Chime word with word and pipe to catch the hour.
8. fig. intr. To accord harmoniously, harmonize, agree.
1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxv, Father, and Son; Husband and Wife, and such other correlative terms..do readily chime, and answer one another in Peoples Memories. 1693South Serm. 455 Let it chime right to the humour which is at present a Gog. 1791–1824D'Israeli Cur. Lit., Anc. Cookery, As in a concert instruments resound, My ordered dishes in their courses chime. 1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. vi. 327 The intention and expectation chime or go together.
b. Constr. with.
1840Dickens Barn. Rudge lvii, There was a freshness in the sound..which chimed exactly with his mood. 1870Lowell Study Wind. 158 A tendency..which chimed with his own private desires. 1870Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cxix. 20 How this fourth of the third eight chimes with the fourth of the fourth eight.
9. chime in. To join in harmoniously or in unison (in music).
1681Ess. Peace & Truth Ch. 9 The whole world was made an Harmonious Scheme; every Being from the least and lowest, to the greatest and highest, chiming into the Consort. 1821Byron Sardan. i. i. 32 The softening voices..Must chime in to the echo of his revel. 1878H. M. Stanley Dark Cont. II. xiii. 366 Uledi, with a cry of Bismillah!..struck his axe into the tree, and two others chimed in.
b. To strike into a conversation with a note of agreement.
1838Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1876) II. 31 ‘He was extremely civil’, Wiseman chimed in. 1863M. Howitt F. Bremer's Greece I. vii. 241 ‘Of course, nobody can doubt it,’ chimed in gravely a highly cultivated Greek.
c. chime in with: † (a) To come into agreement or harmony with; (b) To be in complete accord with. (= chime with, 8 b, but expressing subordinate accord.)
1712Arbuthnot John Bull (1755) 5 Mrs. Bull had been pretty well tuned up by Frog, who chimed in with her learned harangue. 1713Lond. & Country Brew. i. (1742) 79, I must chime in with his Notion. 1820Scott Monast. viii, ‘Indeed’ said Elspeth, trying to catch and chime in with the ideas of the Sub-Prior. 1861Mill Utilit. 71 It would always chime in with our feelings of fitness, that acts which we deem unjust should be punished.
▪ IV. chime, v.2|tʃaɪm|
[f. chime n.2]
trans. To groove or chamfer the ends of cask-staves on the inner surface, and so to form the chime.
1880Times 9 Oct. 10/3 The body thus formed is then taken to the chiming, crozing, and howelling machine, and is afterwards hooped by hand. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 83 Machine for chiming, crozing and howelling casks. |