| 释义 |
▪ I. chicane, n.|ʃɪˈkeɪn|
[a. F. chicane.
F. chicane, chicaner, chicanerie, chicaneur, are unknown to the other Romanic langs. So far as the evidence goes, chicanerie is considerably older than chicane, which latter looks like a derivative of the verb. Littré and Devic think the French derived from med.Gr. τζυκανίζ-ειν, var. of τζουκανίζ-ειν to play golf or polo (whence τζουκάνισµα the game, and τζουκανιστήριον a place for playing it, cited from Theophanas a.d. 817, by Sophocles); app. f. Pers. chaugān the crooked stick used in polo. But evidence actually connecting the French with the Gr. word appears not to be known.]
1. = chicanery 1.
1692Locke Educ. Wks. IX. 176 Civil law..concerns not the chicane of private cases, but the affairs..of civilized nations in general. 1698R. Ferguson View Eccles. 5 With Impertinence, Insincerity, and Chicane. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 28 Chicane in furs, and Casuistry in lawn. 1769Robertson Chas. V, V. v. 446 All the subtleties and chicane which the court of Rome can so dexterously employ to protract or defeat any cause. 1807Jebb Corr. I. 350 That church..tried everything that chicane and bribery could do, to gain her. 1873Morley Rousseau II. 56 The whole commerce was a mass of fraud and chicane.
2. (with pl.) A particular instance of chicanery; a subterfuge, petty trick, quibble. Obs.
1676Temple Let. Wks. 1731 II. 369 Sir Lyonell Jenkins told me..of a Chicane made him by Monsieur Beverning upon the Point of first Visit. 1678― ibid. II. 503 A Chicane about Words, whether the French Declaration were in Form, or their Promise in Writing. 1714Mandeville Fab. Bees (1723) II. 78 Cleo. There is a great Difference between that [natural] and artificial Courage. Hor. That's a Chicane I won't enter into. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) II. 488 One who takes advantage of such chicanes, is not commonly regarded as an honest man.
3. In the game of Bridge, the condition of holding no trumps (see also quot. 1964); double chicane, chicane of both partners.
1886Biritch or Russian Whist 4 If one hand has no trumps..this is called ‘chicane’. 1895‘Boaz’ Laws of Bridge 3 Chicane is thus reckoned:—If a player holds no trump, he and his partner score for Chicane twice the value of the trump suit trick. 1900‘J. Doe’ Bridge Man. 8 Double Chicane is scored if neither of two partnered players has a card of the Trump suit... Double Chicane [counts] four by honours. 1929Work Compl. Contract Bridge iii. 17 In addition to chicane, a singleton ace..may be relied upon as insurance against losing tricks in that suit. 1964Official Encycl. Bridge 75/1 Chicane, a term from bridge whist referring to a hand that is void of trumps. It was scored the same as three honors. In contract bridge, the term..is occasionally used to describe a void suit, as ‘chicane in hearts’.
4. Motor Racing. A disguised or artificial construction, esp. a barricaded ramp. Also attrib.
1955Times 23 May 12/6 The Lancia skidded at the chicane, demolished the wall bordering the sea, and dropped into the harbour. 1958Times 8 Apr. 14/2 Led..for three laps; only to crash into the chicane barrier. 1959G. Freeman Jack would be Gentleman viii. 158 The news cameramen crouching down at the chicane for action photographs. Ibid. x. 216 He changed down again as he approached the chicane, snaked neatly through it, and accelerated up to the start.
▪ II. chicane, v.|ʃɪˈkeɪn|
[a. F. chicane-r ‘to wrangle or pettifog it; to spoyle or perplex a cause with craftie and litigious pleading; also to write a verie fast hand’ (Cotgr.).]
1. intr. To employ chicanery; to use subterfuges and tricks in litigation, or quibbles, cavils, shifts, and petty artifices in debate or action; to quibble, cavil.
a1672Wren in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 252 At the Treaty of the Isle of Wight, while they stood chicaning. 1706tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. II. iii. xviii. 250 We ought not to chicane upon the Word Worship. 1748Chesterfield Lett. II. 81 Give me but virtuous actions, and I will not quibble and chicane about the motives. 1793Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) II. 360 The Courts chicane very much here. a1797Walpole Mem. Geo. II, III. 116 Chicaning upon it rather than attacking it openly. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. vii. 604 Mr. Hastings..chicaning about the quality of the Rajah, or his dignity and rank. 1840J. S. Mill Diss. & Disc. II. 168 Chicaning on texts instead of invoking principles.
2. trans.
a. To quibble over, cavil at (a thing).
b. To overreach by chicanery.
c. To enter into litigation with (properly French).
d. to chicane away: to get rid of by chicanery; so to chicane any one into, or out of a thing, etc.
1777Burke Address to King Wks. IX. 186 The very possibility of publick agency..has been evaded and chicaned away. 1824T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 408 Those who read..to understand and not to chicane it. 1835Blackw. Mag. XXXVII. 359 Their ingenuity in having chicaned the landlords of the north. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. V. xxi. vi. 125 By way of codicil, Austria agrees not to chicane him in regard to Anspach-Baireuth. 1863Ouida Held in Bondage (1870) 31 She could not..chicane me into admitting the promise of marriage. |