| 释义 |
‖ chiaroscuro|ˌkjɑːrəʊˈskuːrəʊ|
Also 7–9 chiar-oscuro, 8–9 chiaro-oscuro. (Incorrectly 7–9 chiaro-scuro, chiaro scuro.)
[It.; f. chiaro (:—L. clārus) clear, bright + oscuro (:—L. obscūrus) dark; thence F. clair-obscur.]
†1. The style of pictorial art in which only the light and shade, and not the various colours, are represented; black-and-white, or dark brown and white. ? Obs.
1686W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. Expl. Terms s.v., It is taken in two Senses..Painting in Chiaro-Scuro is meant, when there are only two Colours employed. Ibid. 163, I have a Head of his in Chiaro Scuro. 1696Brookhouse Temple Open. 2 The Witnesses before stood in naked and unfinish'd Lines, in Chiar-oscuro, as the Italians call it. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 119 Two pictures in chiaro scuro. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. vi. 81 The paintings of Vandyke for the edifice of Inigo Jones exist only in a sketch in chiaro-scuro.
b. A sketch in black and white; also fig.
1739Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 4 To print off this Chiaro oscuro of my mind.
2. The treatment or disposition of the light and shade, or brighter and darker masses, in a picture.
1686W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. Expl. Terms, Chiaro-Scuro..Secondly..is taken for the disposing of the Lights and Shadows Skilfully; as when we say, A Painter understands well the Chiaro-Scuro. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. let. 19 May, His management of the chiaro oscuro, or light and shadow..is altogether wonderful. 1807J. Opie Lect. on Art iii. (1848) 295 ‘Chiaroscuro’ includes not only light and shadow as it affects each separate part, but the proper division and distribution of the whole surface of a picture into bright or dark masses, whether the darkness be produced by shadow, or by the proper colour of..the objects represented. 1871Athenæum 27 May 661 Their colour is superb, their chiaroscuro masterly and subtle.
b. transf. The effect of light and shade in nature, e.g. in a landscape.
1878H. S. Wilson Alp. Ascents i. 1 Hills, dusky in the after-sunset chiaroscuro of a fine summer evening.
3. fig. Used of poetic or literary treatment, criticism, mental complexion, etc., in various obvious senses, as mingled ‘clearness and obscurity’, ‘cheerfulness and gloom’, ‘praise and blame,’ etc.
1818Hazlitt Eng. Poets xi. (1870) 54 The portentous massiness of the forms, the splendid chiaro-oscuro, and shadowy horror. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. (1858) 113 Our Professor..involves himself, now more than ever, in eye-bewildering chiaroscuro. 1842Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life III. ix. 164, I delight in the bright and the cheerful..Now, these new people have no notion of chiaroscuro. They are all oscuro. 1885Pall Mall G. 4 June 1 Writers..left to the chiaroscuro of the candid friend or the monochrome of undiscriminating reverence.
4. A method of producing wood-engravings.
1758Month. Rev. 348 An improved method..of printing in chiaro oscuro. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Chiaro-oscuro, a system of printing by successive blocks of wood which carry respectively the outlines, lighter and darker shades, etc. Practised in Germany and Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
5. attrib.
a. lit.
b. fig. Partly revealed and partly veiled.
1834M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxiv. (1849) 227 The shading of these chiar-oscuro pictures. 1851Carlyle Sterling iii. v, The singular chiaroscuro manner of procedure..which his anonymous..thunderings in the Times necessitated in him. 1860Geo. Eliot Mill on Fl. ii. vii, Toward them he held only a chiaroscuro parentage. 1870Ruskin Lect. Art vi. 158 The Greek or chiaroscuro school. |