| 释义 |
† chesteine, chesten Obs.
Forms: α. 4–5 chastein(e, 5 chasteyn(e, 5–7 chasten, 6 chastayne. β. 4 chesteine, -ene, kesteyn, 4–7 chesten, 5 chestan, 5–6 chesteyn(e, chestayn(e, 5–7 cheston, 6 chestin. See also castane.
[ME. chasteine (commonly chesteine, etc.), a. OF. chastaigne, -aine (= ONF. castaigne, Pr. castanha, Cat. castanya, Sp. castaña, Pg. castanha, It. castagna):—L. castanea chestnut, a. Gr. καστανέα, synonym of κάστανον, καστάνιον, καστάνειον (in full καστάνειον or κασταναῖον κάρυον, lit. ‘Castanian nut’, referred by some to κασταναία a city of Pontus, by others to Castana in Magnesia (Thessaly). The word was already in OE. in the form cisten-, cyst-béam, corresp. to OHG. ˈchestinna (MHG. ˈkestene, kesten, mod. Upper Ger. keste), pointing to a WGer. *kastinna, *kastinja for *kastanja (prob. by assoc. with Germanic suffix -injô-). It is doubtful whether this OE. form had anything to do with the change of ME. chasteine to chesteine, or whether this was merely due to the obscurity of the first syllable while the stress was still upon -teine. In its latest stage chesten, nut was added: see chestnut n.]
1. A chestnut-tree.
a700Erfurt Gloss. 249 (Sweet O.E.T.) Cistim beam. a800Corpus Gloss. 374 Castanea, cistenbeam. c1000ælfric Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 138 Castanea, cystel, uel cystbeam. c1050Cotton Cl. Gloss. ibid. 368 Castaneus, cistenbeam.
c1320Sir Beues 1699 He reinede his hors to a chesteine. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 2064 Wylugh, Elm, plane, Assh, box, chasteyn [v.r. chestayn, chesteyn, chasteine]. c1400Mandeville xxxi. 307 Grete Forestes of Chesteynes. c1420Pallad. on Husb. xii. 253 Chasten wol..of his seedes multiplie. c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Mann. (1570) F iij a, For Chastaynes colde places commonly choseth he. 1570Levins Manip. 60 A chesten, castanea. 1601Holland Pliny I. 472 The Cheston, and the Walnut-trees, or Mast-trees.
2. The fruit of this tree; a chestnut.
1362Langl. P. Pl. vii. 281 (MS. H) Chibolles, chesteyns and ripe chiries monye. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv. xx. (1495) 496 Plente of myle and chestens. a1400Pystel Susane 93. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1375 Medlers, plowmes, perys, chesteyns, Cherys, of which many oon fayne is. c1420Pallad. on Husb. xii. 283 Chasteynes..under sande asonder leyde. c1450Nominale in Wr.-Wülcker 715 Hec castania, a cheston, or the tre. 1542Boorde Dyetary xxi. (1870) 285 Chesteynes doth nowrysshe the body strongly. 1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. (1568) 53 b, Rough without like a Chestin. 1580Baret Alv. B 1395 Browne as a chesten, phoeniceus. 1674Cunningham (of Craigends) Diary (1887) 43 Ther was no chastens gotten.
3. Comb.: chesten-nut (chestnut n.), chesteine-tree.
a1330Syr Degarre 3 Hii leien hem doun..Under a chastein tre. 1382Wyclif Isa. xliv. 14 He..toc the kesteyn tre, and the oek. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 646 Hec castania, chestantre. c1535G. Du Wes (in Palsgr. 1852, 914) Chestayne tree, chataignier. 1580Conveyance in Phil. Trans. LXI. 141 Quandam silvam..voc. Chesten woode. |