| 释义 |
▪ I. quarantine, n.|ˈkwɒrəntiːn|
Also 7 quarantene, 8 -in, 7–8 quarentine.
[In sense 1 ad. med.L. quarentēna; in sense 2 prob. ad. It. quarant-, quarentina, f. quaranta forty.
The source of the -ine spelling in sense 1 is not clear: in the Stasyons of Jerusalem (Horstm. Altengl. Leg. Neue F., 365) the form Quaryntyne (riming with wyne) is used to render med.L. Quarentena, the name given to the desert where Christ fasted for forty days. In sense 1 the prevailing form in 17–18th c. was quarentine, while quarantine has always been the usual form in sense 2.]
1. Law. A period of forty days during which a widow, entitled to dower, had the right to remain in the chief mansion-house of her deceased husband; hence, the right of a widow to remain in the house during this period.
1609Skene Reg. Maj. 56 (Acts Robt. III, c. 20) Anent widowes, quha..can not haue their quarantene without pley. 1628Coke On Litt. 32 b, If she marry within the forty days she loseth her quarentine. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 135 These forty days are called the widow's quarentine. 1865Nichols Britton II. 247 Some other decent house shall be provided for their dwelling, where they may keep their quarantine.
2. a. A period (orig. of forty days) during which persons who might serve to spread a contagious disease are kept isolated from the rest of the community; esp. a period of detention imposed on travellers or voyagers before they are allowed to enter a country or town, and mix with the inhabitants; commonly, the period during which a ship, capable of carrying contagion, is kept isolated on its arrival at a port. Also, a period of seclusion or isolation after exposure to infection from a contagious disease; transf., (a period of) isolation imposed in a similar way on an animal or thing. Hence, the fact or practice of isolating or of being isolated in this way. Freq. in phr. in quarantine. Also fig.
1663Pepys Diary 26 Nov., Making of all ships coming from thence..to perform their ‘quarantine for thirty days’, as Sir Richard Browne expressed it..contrary to the import of the word (though, in the general acceptation, it signifies now the thing, not the time spent in doing it). 1691Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 185 Those that come from Naples..are obliged to perform a quarantine before they come to Rome, because of the plague in that Kingdom. 1722De Foe Plague (1884) 204 The Family were oblig'd to begin their Quarantine anew. 1799E. Stanley in A. Duncan Nelson (1806) 112 Having finished their quarantine of thirteen days. 1836Marryat Midsh. Easy xlii, As soon as their quarantine at the Mother-bank was over, they disembarked. 1855[see ask v. 4 c]. 1859Jephson Brittany vi. 77 The lepers often sought a voluntary death as the only escape from their perpetual quarantine. 1867Even. Standard 6 Aug. 6 A Royal order has been issued imposing forty days' quarantine upon all arrivals in Spanish ports from Algeria, Morocco, and the Roman States. 1879Investigation of Diseases of Swine (Special Rep. No. 12, U.S. Dept. Agric.) 151 All strange hogs must be kept in quarantine for fourteen days before being allowed to run with healthy herds. 1891Boston Jrnl. 7 Jan. 2/3 A rigid quarantine against fire⁓arms and firewater on the reservations of the Northwest is one of the prime requirements of the Indian problem. 1913–14Wellcome's Nurse's Diary 209 Isolation required after exposure to: Asiatic Cholera..12 days' quarantine. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 925/2 Formerly great stress was laid on the value of quarantine; all plant imports were grown in a quarantine ground under the supervision of a Government botanist until it was certain that they had no disease. 1952Oxf. Jun. Encycl. X. 357/2 All dogs..have to be isolated in quarantine for 6 months in case they may be carrying rabies. 1971Sci. Amer. Oct. 49/2 To guard against the possibility..of introducing pathogenic organisms from the moon, the lunar samples were placed in quarantine for seven weeks. 1978W. Garner Möbius Trip (1979) ii. 60 Putting him in emotional quarantine.
b. fig. Any period, instance, etc., of detention or seclusion compared to the above; spec. in international politics, a blockade, boycott, or severance of diplomatic relations intended to isolate a nation, or the isolation caused by such action. † free quarantine, exemption from quarantine.
The specific use arose from a speech by F. D. Roosevelt, President of the U.S. (see quots. 1937).
a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 209 Where she denies Admission, to intrude..Unless they have free Quarentine from her. 1742Young Nt. Th. vii. 1046 Deists! perform your quarentine; and then Fall prostrate, ere you touch it, lest you die. 1855Motley Dutch Rep. ii. i. (1866) 132 Nor could bigotry devise an effective quarantine to exclude the religious pest which lurked in every bale of merchandise. 1937N.Y. Herald Tribune 6 Oct. 1/5 (heading) President calls for ‘quarantine’ of aggressors. Ibid. 1/8 President Roosevelt today challenged the effectiveness of a policy of neutrality in keeping the United States at peace and advocated instead a collective ‘quarantine’ of aggressor nations. 1938Sun (Baltimore) 16 Nov. 1/8 Ambassador Wilson will not return soon to his post... It may even imply a ‘quarantine’ or an effort to quarantine Germany. 1945Richmond (Va.) News-Leader 4 Oct. 2/7 (heading) Argentina faces diplomatic ‘quarantine’ by Pan-America. 1962Daily Tel. 23 Oct. 1/2 Mr. Kennedy announced the following actions in response to the military build-up in Cuba. The blockade against delivery of offensive weapons. The ‘quarantine’ would be extended if necessary, to other types of cargo and carriers. 1975Ibid. 1 Oct. 1/7 A call by the International Transport Workers' Federation..for a 48-hour quarantine of services to and from Spain.
c. A place where quarantine is kept or enforced.
1847Emerson Poems, Monadnoc Wks. (Bohn) I. 435 His quarantines and grottos, where He slowly cures decrepit flesh. 1892Stevenson Across the Plains 171 Somnolent Inverkeithing, once the quarantine of Leith.
3. A period of forty days, in other connexions than the above; a set of forty (days).
1639Fuller Holy War iii. xxii. 147 When their quarantine, or fourty dayes service, was expired. 1722De Foe Plague (1756) 235 Not a Quarentine of Days only, but Soixantine, not only 40 Days but 60 Days or longer. 1883–97Catholic Dict. 772/1 Indulgences of seven years and seven quarantines are often granted for certain devotions.
4. attrib. (sense 2), as quarantine camp, quarantine flag, quarantine-ground, quarantine hospital, quarantine kennel, quarantine law, quarantine officer, quarantine regulation, quarantine station, etc.; quarantine-breaking adj.
1805Med. Jrnl. XVII. 507 The recent extension of the quarantine laws. 1808Deb. Congress U.S. 9 Mar. (1852) 1753 The ship arrived at the quarantine ground, near the harbor of Boston. 1835J. E. Alexander Sk. Portugal xi. 265 After some delay before we could get our yellow quarantine-flag struck, we were allowed to land. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 193/2 The most important disease, with reference to quarantine regulations, is the plague of the Levant. Ibid. 195/1 A quarantine station on a land-frontier. 1852G. Coggeshall Second Series of Voyages xiii. 82 We were requested to proceed immediately to the quarantine ground. 1861–2G. A. Spottiswoode in Vac. Tour. 87 Accommodation..for the director or quarantine-officer. 1867‘Mark Twain’ in Daily Alta California (San Francisco) 18 Oct. 1/4 This kind of conversation did no good, further than to give a sort of dismal interest to our quarantine-breaking expedition, and so we dropped it. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. vi. 200 The yellow quarantine flag was hoisted. 1942E. E. Dale Cow Country 203 Wide strips were left for trails across the Outlet and lands were also set aside for quarantine grounds. 1976T. Heald Let Sleeping Dogs Die i. 11 To prevent it [sc. rabies] being imported all dogs coming in to Britain had to spend six months in quarantine kennels. 1977Hongkong Standard 14 Apr. 8/5 A friend visited the Government Quarantine Kennels at Shatin recently and was distressed and appalled at the neglect of the poor animals awaiting their death, particularly the puppies.
▪ II. quarantine, v.|ˈkwɒrəntiːn|
Also 9 quaranteen.
[f. the n.]
1. a. trans. To put in quarantine. Also transf. and fig.; spec. in sense 2 b of the n.
1804W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) I. v. 89 Where I should be detained, quarantined, smoked, and vinegared. 1860Trollope West Indies xxiii. 365 In going to Cuba I had been becalmed..and very nearly quaranteened. 1860Harper's Mag. June 137/2 Duelling had become epidemic among the midshipmen at the Gosport navy-yard. A determined effort was made..to suppress the practice. The entire body of reefers were ‘quarantined’, i.e. confined to the limits of the yard. 1870W. M. Baker New Timothy i. 13 The business of these [ministers] is with human nature, and from exactly that are they quarantined for years. 1891Cath. News 2 May 5/3 The Comte de Paris was quarantined for a short time at Southampton. 1937N.Y. Times 6 Oct. 1/8 President Roosevelt today pledged his Administration to a ‘concerted effort’ with other peace-loving nations to ‘quarantine’ aggressor nations. 1938[see nose count]. 1938[see quarantine n. 2 b]. 1945Sun (Baltimore) 28 Sept. 11/2 At school, they find themselves ‘quarantined’ and they are the butt of jibes and social ostracism. 1953P. C. Berg Dict. New Words 132/1 Quarantine, v.t., to isolate (a nation). 1962Listener 12 Apr. 623/2 They think that, given the Communist Powers' publicly proclaimed hostility to the West, the whole lot of them should be quarantined, as the U.S.A. quarantines China. 1976O.E.D. Suppl. s.v. L 7, LRL, Lunar Receiving Laboratory (building where astronauts and lunar samples are quarantined for a period after returning from the moon). 1980Early Music Apr. 255/2 In this setting the melody is not quarantined in the tenor register.
b. To prevent by quarantine. In quot. fig.
1850Chamb. Jrnl. XIV. 49 Did any moral taint hang about me that quarantined my entrance into its circle?
c. To isolate (an area) by the imposition of quarantine.
1890Stock Grower & Farmer 24 May 7/3 The state [sc. of Nebraska] is strictly quarantined against all cattle from Texas. 1955Sci. Amer. June 82/2 An outbreak of disease may be localized by quarantining the infected area.
2. intr. To institute quarantine.
1888Harper's Mag. Oct. 738/1 Only two cases had been reported when every neighboring British colony quarantined against Martinique.
3. intr. To go into quarantine.
1928Daily News 7 Aug. 7/3 The Mauretania..is expected to ‘quarantine’ at New York at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
Hence ˈquarantined, ˈquarantining ppl. adjs.; also ˈquarantiner, one who puts, or is put, into quarantine.
1831Scott Jrnl. II. 444 The guardians, who attend to take care that we quarantiners do not kill the people whom we meet. 1884Manch. Exam. 21 Nov. 5/4 The..block in which the quarantined person is located. 1891Lancet 3 Oct. 777 Egypt..always has been..a quarantining country.
▪ III. quarantine
(apple), variant of quarrenden. |