| 释义 |
▪ I. shawl, n.|ʃɔːl|
Forms: 7 schal, scial, chal, 8 shaul, 8– shawl.
[a. Pers. shāl; the word has been adopted in Urdū and other Indian langs., and hence into all the European langs.: F. châle († schall), Sp. chal, Pg. chale, It. scialle, G. shawl (from Eng.), Du. sjaal, Sw. schal, sjal, Icel. sjal, Da. shawl (from Eng.), Russ. shali.
The spurious word shairl (also in comb. shairl-goat = shawl-goat: see below) which is found in many recent Dicts., is due to a misprint in E. P. Wright Animal Life (1879) 165; the index has correctly shawl and shawl-goat.]
1. An article of dress worn by Orientals (commonly as a scarf, turban, or girdle), consisting of an oblong piece of a material manufactured in Kashmir from the hair of the Tibetan ‘shawl-goat’ (see 4 b).
1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. vi. 316 The richer sort have..another rich Skarf which they call Schal, made of a very fine stuff, brought by the Indians into Persia. 1666Havers P. della Valle's Trav. E. India 123 They had such colour'd clothes as in Persia they call Scial, and use for girdles, but the Indians wear them cross the shoulders. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. iii. 37 At all times when they go abroad, they were a Chal which is a kind of toilet of very fine Wool made at Cachmir. 1727A. Hamilton New. Acc. E. Ind. II. xxxvi. 50 And when they go abroad, they [women] wear a Shaul folded up, or a Piece of white cotton Cloth lying loose on the Top of their Heads. 1792tr. Rochon's Madagascar in Pinkerton Voy. (1814) XVI. 760 There are few oriental travellers who are not acquainted with those fine woollen stuffs known in Bengal by the name of shawls, which the Mahometans use for turbans. 1903Sir A. H. Layard Autobiog. I. iii. 145 A thick shawl in endless folds round their waists.
2. a. As the name of an article of clothing worn in Europe and the West, chiefly by women as a covering for the shoulders or, sometimes, for the head; originally applied to the imported ‘cashmere shawl’ (= sense 1 above: see cashmere), but in later use extended to denote an oblong or square piece of any textile or netted fabric, whether of wool, silk, cotton, or mixtures of these.
The imported ‘cashmere shawls’ had usually elaborate patterns, in which a prominent feature was a peculiar ornament shaped something like a pear, with the narrow end continued into a curve. These patterns are often imitated in ‘shawls’ of European manufacture.
1767Sterne Let. to Eliza x, I dreamt..that thou camest into the room with a shaul in thy hand..you folded the shaul about my waist. 1777Phil. Trans. LXVII. 485 The Shauls all come from Cassemire..[their] material the produce of a Thibet sheep. 1782European Mag. II. 68 Many a lady shrouded in a Shrawl [? read Shawl]. 1782–3W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 44 Those fashionable handkerchiefs, which the English ladies have of late years worn under the name of shauls. 1798S. Lee Canterb. T., Yng. Lady's T. II. 544 The servants..were unfolding for her notice a rich, and remarkable Indian shawl. 1817Byron Beppo lxxxv, The Count was at her elbow with her shawl. 1834McCulloch Dict. Comm. (ed. 2) s.v., The finest Edinburgh and Paisley shawls. 1840H. Malcom Trav. 9/1 The thin cotton shawls covering not only the whole person but the head, are lent them every morning to wear in school, and kept beautifully white. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxii. (1878) 552 Miss Oldcastle appeared in her bonnet and shawl. 1902Alice Terton Lights & Shadows Hosp. ix. 139, I just wropped the baby up in a shawl.
b. Worn round the neck as a protection from cold.
1834Baboo I. xii. 208 (Stanf.) Fold your shawl close round your throat. 1837Dickens Pickw. ix, Emma, give Pickwick a shawl to tie round his neck. 1859Sala Gas-light & D. vii. 85 A gentleman with a very shiny hat, a very long shawl, and an indefinite quantity of thick great-coats.
3. [Anglo-Irish.] A common prostitute. Cf. shawlie. slang.
1922Joyce Ulysses 308 Blind to the world up in a shebeen in Bride street after closing time, fornicating with two shawls.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as shawl-cloth, shawl counterpane, shawl girdle, shawl goods, shawl kind, shawl-pin, shawl stuff, shawl turban, shawl-weaver, shawl-work, shawl wrap; shawl girt, shawl-shaped adjs.; shawlwise adv.
1841Moorcroft Trav. II. 169 A strong *shawl-cloth called Patu.
1791Trans. Soc. Arts (1792) X. 196 A *Shawl Counterpane, four yards square.
1844E. Warburton Crescent & Cross (1846) II. xvii. 251 The [Turkish] smugglers gathered round the door of the tent, their *shawl girdles stuck full of pistols and yataghans.
1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. lviii, The wild Albanian kirtled to his knee, With *shawl-girt head, and ornamented gun.
1783G. Forster Journ. Bengal to Eng. xiii. (1798) II. 19 A portion of the revenue of Kashmire is transmitted to the Afghan capital in *shaul goods.
1835Court Mag. VI. p. ii/1 The fronts are trimmed with a lappel of the *shawl kind, of black velvet or silk.
1860Worcester, *Shawl-pin, a pin for fastening a shawl. 1873B. Harte Fiddletown 10 Her shawl pin and a soiled cuff.
1898Daily News 2 Apr. 6/5 The *shawl-shaped capes.
1841Moorcroft Trav. II. 186 An immense variety of articles of *shawl-stuff are manufactured in Kashmir, besides the shawls themselves.
1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. Introd. 31 He wore the Persian dress, with a cap and a *shawl turban over it.
1842G. T. Vigne Trav. Kashmir II. 121 A first-rate *shawl-weaver will occasionally earn one small rupi a day.
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 223 When they wear anything on their heads it is a handkerchief folded *shawlwise.
1909Chamb. Jrnl. Oct. 640/2 These stitches originally were used for *shawl-work.
1879Mrs. A. G. F. E. James Ind. Househ. Managem. 23 You should have your *shawl wraps and rug handy for use on deck when it is chilly.
b. Special comb.: shawl collar (see quot. 1960); also shawl-collared a.; shawl-dance, a dance originating in the East, in which a shawl or scarf is waved; so shawl-dancing; shawl dressing-gown, a dressing-gown having a shawl-like pattern; shawl-goat, a goat of Tibet (Capra lanigera) which furnishes the wool for making the Indian shawls; shawl-handkerchief, a handkerchief resembling a shawl; shawl-loom, a loom for weaving shawls; also, ‘a figure-weaving loom’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); shawl-material (see quot. 1882); shawl-pattern, a pattern resembling or characteristic of that of an oriental shawl; also attrib.; shawl-reticule, ? a reticule made of cashmere bearing a shawl pattern; † shawl-room, the room for depositing shawls at a place of assembly; shawl-strap, a pair of leather straps joined to a transverse handle, for carrying shawls, etc.; shawl-waistcoat, a waistcoat having a pattern resembling that of an oriental shawl; shawl-wool, the wool of the shawl goat; also attrib.
1913T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer 4/3 The graceful *shawl collar is edged with whipcord silk. 1960C. W. Cunnington et al. Dict. Eng. Costume 192/2 Shawl collar, 1820's on..a term denoting a broad turn⁓over collar of a coat or waistcoat, continuous with the lapels, i.e. without a notch between. 1974Country Life 17 Jan. 106/3 Shawl-collar cardigans are the thing to look for.
Ibid. 107/1 *Shawl-collared, kimono-style cardigan.
1813Examiner 15 Mar. 171/1 A conversation.., which naturally concludes with a *shawl-dance. 1897‘Ouida’ Massarenes xxi, She had danced her shawl dance on the brink of exposure and bankruptcy.
1813Examiner 15 Mar. 171/1 There is a lady, whose character is..marked by her skill in *shawl-dancing.
1837Dickens Pickw. xli, The broken-down spendthrift in his *shawl dressing-gown.
1793T. Baird Agric. Middlesex 39 A *shawl-goat from the East Indies. 1893Lydekker Horns & Hoofs 107 The long-haired shawl goat of Tibet.
1838Lytton Alice vii. iv, The rest of the party..unmuffled themselves of cloaks and *shawl-handkerchiefs.
1783G. Forster Journ. Bengal to Eng. xiii. (1798) II. 20 The Kashmirians say, that during their subjection to the Mogul dominion, the province contained forty thousand *shaul looms.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework 445 *Shawl materials. These are a mixture of silk and wool,..employed for the partial making and trimming of dresses.
1838Dickens O. Twist xxii, A coarse, staring, *shawl-pattern waistcoat. 1908Chamb. Encycl. IX. 376 A few words may be said about the patterns of Cashmere shawls... The most characteristic feature..is what has been usually called the ‘cone’ or ‘pine cone’... Sometimes it is simply called the shawl pattern.
1825T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. Passion & Princ. xii. III. 291 An imitation *shawl reticule, as large as a moderate sac de nuit, and containing..pocket-handkerchiefs for the party, hung upon her arm.
1838Lytton Alice viii. ii, The ladies were waiting their carriage in the *shawl-room.
1873‘Susan Coolidge’ What Katy Did at Sch. iii. 42 Tucking the railway guide into a *shawl-strap, and closing her bag with a snap.
1840Thackeray Shabby-genteel Story viii, He had a *shawl-waistcoat of many colours.
1774W. Hastings in C. R. Markham Mission of Bogle (1876) 8 The animals called tús, which produce the *shawl wool. 1841Moorcroft Trav. I. 311 The shawl-wool goat. 1879Proc. R. Geog. Soc. I. 449 The export of shawl-wool (pashm) to India [from Tibet] has fallen off.
▪ II. shawl, v.|ʃɔːl|
[f. shawl n.]
trans. To cover with a shawl, put a shawl on (a person). Also absol. Hence ˈshawling ppl. a. (In quots. fig., of snow.)
1812M. Edgeworth Absentee iii, Her son assisted Grace Nugent most carefully in shawling the young heiress. 1820Byron Juan v. cxlvii, His Highness was..Shawl'd to the nose. 1840Lady C. Bury Hist. Flirt vi, We retired to cloak and shawl ourselves. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxvii, George had meanwhile very carefully shawled his wife. 1880L. B. Walford Troublesome Dau. I. i. 18 Evelyn beheld a slight feminine form, shawled and wrapped to the chin. 1899Blackw. Mag. Feb. 329/1 She shawled her head and her baby in her sea-blue cloak. 1930R. Campbell Adamastor 72 Around your rocks you furl the shawling snow. a1953Dylan Thomas Prospect of Sea (1955) 97 Our snow was not only shaken in whitewash buckets down the sky, I think it came shawling out of the ground.
▪ III. shawl
obs. Sc. form of shoal a. |