| 释义 |
▪ I. † chaw, chawe, n.1 Obs.
(Also 6 cheaw, chew.)
[App. a by-form of jaw, modified by association with the vb. chew or its by-form chaw; it was contemporary in origin with the latter.]
1. Usually in pl. Jaws, chaps, fauces.
1530Palsgr. 507 Get me a kaye to open his chawes. 1535Coverdale Job xxxiii. 1, I will open my mouth, and my tonge shal speake out of my chawes. 1540Earl of Surrey Poems 66, ‘How no age’, My withered skin How it doth shew my dented chews..And eke my toothless chaps. 1548Olde Erasm. Par. 2nd Tim. 25, I was delyuered from the moste rageing lyons cheawes. 1557Primer M ij, How swete be thy wordes to my chawes. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. 64 From the chawes of the greedie lions. 1601Holland Pliny (1634) I. 328 Any greater load than they can bite betweene their chawes. 1611Bible Ezek. xxxviii. 4 [also xxix. 4], I will..put hookes into thy chawes [mod. edd. jaws]. 1626Raleigh's Ghost 116 The same little beast..also entering into the chawes of the Crocodile.
b. rarely in sing. A jaw.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 30 All the poison ran about his chaw. 1601Holland Pliny (1634) I. 337 The Camell..hath no fore-teeth in the vpper chaw.
2. Comb. chaw-bone = jaw-bone.
1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. iii. x. 77 a, The Chaw-bone of a serpent. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus iii. 6 (1619) 663 The Lord opened a chawbone. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams i. (1692) 144 To break the chaw-bone of the lye.
▪ II. chaw, n.2 now vulgar.
[f. chaw v.]
An act of chewing; also, that which is chewed, e.g. a quid of tobacco.
1709W. King Voyage to Cajamai Pref. in Useful Trans., Tabacco..being twisted like a Cord serves for a Chaw. 1772Gentl. Mag. XLII. 191 The tars..Took their chaws, hitched their trousers, and grinn'd in our faces. 1833Marryat Peter Simple xiv, The boy was made to open his mouth, while the chaw of tobacco was extracted. 1948D. W. Ballantyne Cunninghams (1963) i. xxix. 122 Barry held out a bag of chaws.
▪ III. chaw, v. (now vulgar).|tʃɔː|
Also 6–7 chawe.
[A by-form of chew (OE. céowan), found since 16th c. The form is not easily accounted for, but it agrees with mod.Du. kauwen, Ger. kauen, LG. kauen, kawen, as distinct from MHG. kiuwen, OHG. chiuwan, MDu. kuwen; and it is not far phonetically from another variant chow, chowe, used in Eng. in 16th c., and now in Sc. and some Eng. dialects; see chow. Chaw was very common in 16–17th c.; it occurs in Udall, Bradford, Levins, Golding, Marbeck, Baret, Breton, Drayton, Marston, Dekker, Topsell, Donne, Ben Jonson, Markham, Boyle, Fuller, Cogan, Harris, etc. in addition to the authors cited below. It is now esteemed vulgar, and is used of coarse or vulgar actions, as ‘chawing’ tobacco.
(A suggested explanation of the form is a possible passing of the OE. céowan, céaw, cuwon, cowen, into another conjugation, as ceawan, céow, ceawen; but as no trace of the chaw form occurs before 1530, this seems unhistorical.)]
1. trans. To chew; now esp. to chew roughly, to champ; or to chew without swallowing.
1530Palsgr. 481/2 There be mo beestes than the oxe that chawe their cudde. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. Table Script. Quots., As yet the flesh was betweene their teeth, neither as yet was chawed. 1562Turner Bathes 12 Chawe your meate well. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 132 b, If they [cattle] want their digestion, or chawe not cud. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 30 Malicious Envy..still did chaw Between his cankred teeth a venemous tode. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 456 When they eate, they chawe their meate but little. 1609Bible (Douay) Prov. xxx. 14 A generation, that..chaweth with theyr grinding teeth. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 151 They are alwayes chawing it [opium]. 1653Walton Angler viii. 172 Chaw a little white or brown bread in your mouth. 1665Pepys Diary 7 June, Some roll-tobacco, to smell to and chaw. a1700Dryden Fab. Cock & Fox 485 Nor chaw'd the flesh of lambs but when he could. a1734North Exam. ii. v. ⁋94 He has Thistles to chaw. 1833Marryat P. Simple ii, You must larn to chaw baccy. 1878Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. iii. 23 They've bit off more'n they can chaw.
†b. spec. To make (bullets) jagged by biting (cf. champ v. 5; for quots. see chawed). Obs.
c. intr.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 967/1 Hauing some good morsell..giuen him to chaw upon. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 61 They doo not only forbid to eate, but also euen sclenderly to chawe. 1638W. Gilberte MS. Let. Abp. Ussher, I have chawed many times upon those husks. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. xiii. 134 The women do continually chaw of these three things. 1704Worlidge Dict. Rust. et Urb. s.v. Blood-letting, Making him [a horse] chaw and move his Chops. 1884Bath Jrnl. 26 July 6/5 Two lions and a tiger..began ‘chawing’ away at my leg.
†2. fig.
a. ? To corrode, fret, wear down.
1513Douglas æneis viii. i. 137, I am god Tybris..Quhilk..with mony iawp and iaw Bettis thir brayis, chawing the bankis doun [but ed. 1874 has schawand, = shavand, L. stringentem].
b. To mouth or mumble (words).
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 736 The Priests do so champ them and chaw them [Latin words]. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, lxxi, They who in Richard's Raigne..the gaudye word Of Tyrranie had Chaw'd.
c. To ruminate upon, brood over.
a1558Queen Elizabeth in Hearne Coll. 3 June (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 256, I..chawe them by musing. 1600Heywood 2 Edw. IV, Wks. 1874 I. 112 He chawes his malice. 1603H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 89 Large roomes, wherein a man may walke and chawe his melancholy for want of other repast. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Content viii, When all thy deeds..are chaw'd by others pen and tongue. 1845[see chawing].
3. slang, chiefly in U.S. to chaw up: to demolish, ‘do for’, ‘smash’.
1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxi, The patriotic locofoco movement..in which the whigs was so chawed up. Ibid. There air some catawampous chawers in the small way too. 1857F. Douglass Speech (Bartlett, s.v. Catawampously), For fear of being catawamptiously chawed up.
▪ IV. chaw
var. cha, Obs., tea. |