| 释义 |
quantifier|ˈkwɒntɪfaɪə(r)|
[f. quantify v. + -er1.]
1. a. Logic. Something which quantifies, esp. an expression (such as ‘all’ or ‘some’) that indicates the scope of a term to which it is attached; existential quantifier, a quantifier that asserts that there exists something for which the proposition following it is true or valid. Also attrib.
In quot. 1876 ‘a person who quantifies’.
1876Mind I. 213 Quantifiers of the predicate insert the word some, and Boole uses a special symbol V, to mark the partial character of the identity. 1885C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1933) III. xiii. 232 If the quantifying part, or Quantifier, contains σx, and we wish to replace the x by a new index i, not already in the Quantifier, and such that every x is an i, we can do so at once by simply multiplying every letter of the Boolian having x as an index by xi. 1896― in Monist VII. 32 My general algebra of logic..consists in simply attaching indices to the letters of an expression in the Boolian algebra, making what I term a Boolian, and prefixing to this a series of ‘quantifiers’, which are the letters Π and σ, each with an index attached to it. 1940W. V. Quine Math. Logic ii. 106 Distribution of a universal quantifier through an alternation is not valid, nor is distribution of an existential quantifier through a conjunction. Ibid. 110 The last occurrence of ‘y’ in (5) refers back to the last quantifier occurrence in (5). 1951J. ᴌukasiewicz Aristotle's Syllogistic iv. 84, I denote quantifiers by Greek capitals, the universal quantifier by Π, and the particular or existential quantifier by σ. Π may be read ‘for all’, and σ ‘for some’ or ‘there exists’. 1956A. Church Introd. Math. Logic iv. 288 The notion of propositional function and the use of quantifiers, originated with Frege in his Begriffsschrift of 1879... The terms ‘quantifier’ and ‘quantification’ are Peirce's. 1963O. Wojtasiewicz tr. ᴌukasiewicz's Elem. Math. Logic 95 Detachment..is the same as in the quantifier-free sentential calculus. 1965B. Mates Elem. Logic x. 159 A string of universal quantifiers containing n quantifier-occurrences. 1971Sci. Amer. Aug. 96/3 Perhaps the only detail in our plan..that requires special comment is the treatment of the quantifiers ɐ (meaning ‘for all’) and {semE} (‘there exists’). 1976J. S. Gruber Lexical Struct. Syntax & Semantics i. iii. 63 This kind of relationship with not, interestingly, is the same that occurs relating the universal and existential quantifiers.
b. Linguistics. A word or phrase indicative of quantity. Also attrib. and Comb.
1924O. Jespersen Philos. Gram. vi. 85 All these quantifiers, as they might be called, differ from ordinary qualifying adjectives in being capable of standing alone..as when we say ‘some (many, all, both, two) were absent’. 1933― Essent. Eng. Gram. vii. 67 Little is sometimes a qualifier (a little girl), sometimes a quantifier (a little bread). 1951S. F. Nadel Found. Social Anthropol. 43 Thus I am not considering the ‘formal’ parts of language (conjunctions, prepositions, ‘quantifiers’, etc.). 1969W. A. Cook Introd. Tagmemic Analysis iv. 107 Quantifier tagmeme, filled by numerals (num) such as: one, two, first, second; or quantitative adjectives. 1970G. Carden in Linguistic Inquiry I. 287 The higher-S analysis requires an as-yet unspecified rule of Quantifier Lowering (QL) to move the quantifier from the high-S down to its surface-structure position. 1972J. J. Lamberts Short Introd. Eng. Usage vii. 137 These are generally taken as plural unless a ‘quantifier’ like a pair of precedes the noun. 1977Word 1972 XXVIII. 88 If compared adjectives are to be analyzed as containing underlying quantifier-NPs in sentences such as 1 f and 1 g, then, ideally, we would expect them to be so analyzed elsewhere as well. 1978Language LIV. 83 Certain quantifier constructions in Japanese were shown above to be exceptions.
2. gen. One who quantifies.
1963Economist 9 Feb. 513/2 All that can be asked of the quantifiers is that they explore the sources thoroughly. 1970Computers & Humanities V. 1 ‘Quantifiers’ assemble in conferences, workshops and symposia to thrash out common problems and share research methods and findings. |