| 释义 |
chancery|ˈtʃɑːnsərɪ, -æ-|
Forms: 4–5 chaunserie, -rye, 4–6 chauncerie, -rye, 5 chauncere, chauncre, 5–7 chauncery, 6 chaunsery, 6–7 chancerie, 7 chanserie, 6– chancery.
[A worn-down form of chancelry, chancelery, chancellery.]
†1. The office of a chancellor; chancellorship.
1395Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 2 Seculer officis, that is, chauncerie, tresorie, privy seal, and other siche seculer officis in the chekir. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., La Chancelerie, the Chancerie. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Chancilleria, a chauncellorshippe, the chauncerie. a1658Cleveland Rustick Ramp. (1687) 410 The Bishop shall give them an Account of the Profits of his Chancery.
2. a. The court of the Lord Chancellor of England, the highest court of judicature next to the House of Lords; but, since the Judicature Act of 1873, a division of the High Court of Justice.
It formerly consisted of two distinct tribunals, one ordinary, being a court of common law, the other extraordinary, being a court of equity. To the former belonged the issuing of writs for a new parliament, and of all original writs. The second proceeded upon rules of equity and conscience, moderating the rigour of the common law, and giving relief in cases where there was no remedy in the common-law courts. Its functions in this respect are now transferred to the Court of Appeal.
In Ireland the Court of Chancery was distinct from, but analogous in character to, the English court; but it has been similarly changed into a division of the Irish High Court of Justice.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iv. 28 In þe cheker and at þe chauncerie. [1362Ibid. A. iv. 46 In Esscheker and Chauncelrie.] 1489–90Plumpton Corr. 91 Whereof, I have a dedimus potestatem out of the Escheker, & another out of the Chauncre. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 56 b, A manne should appele from the common place to the chauncerie. 1659Fuller App. Inj. Innoc. (1840) 300 Thomas Lord Coventry, when coming from the chancery to sit down at dinner, was wont to say, ‘Surely, to-day I have dealt equally, for I have displeased both sides.’ 1701Lond. Gaz. No. 3724/4 S. Keck Esq.; a Master in the High Court of Chancery. a1763Shenstone Ess. 168 True honour is to honesty, what the court of chancery is to common law. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. II. ix. 189 The writ..was issued from the chancery. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. ix. 60 ‘There never was such an infernal cauldron as that Chancery on the face of the earth.’ 1874Ruskin Fors Clav. IV. 287 Gridley's real name was Ikey—he haunted Chancery. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiii. 135 Under the Conqueror we see the first beginnings of that class of clerks of the King's chapel or chancery who had so large a share in the administration of the kingdom. Mod. The heiress is a ward in Chancery.
b. Applied to similar courts elsewhere; in U.S. ‘a court of equity’ (Webster).
‘In imitation of the High Court of Chancery in England, various local courts of equity have sprung up in the British dominions and dependencies. Some of these are called Courts of Chancery..In each of the counties palatine of Lancaster and Durham, and in Ireland, there is a court so named, which dispenses the same equity within the limits of its jurisdiction, as the High Court of Chancery.’ Penny Cycl. s.v.
1555Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 272 Auditour of the courte of the Chauncerie in Valladolith. c1645Howell Lett. 20 Oct. 1632, Lubeck wher..their prime Chancery is still. 1780Coxe Russ. Disc. 5 The government is vested in the chancery of Bolcheresk, which depends upon and is subject to the inspection of the chancery of Ochotsk. 1850Burrill (in Webster), In some of the American States, jurisdiction at law and in equity centers in the same tribunal..In others..the courts that administer equity are distinct tribunals, having their appropriate judicial officers, and it is to the latter, that the appellation courts of chancery is usually applied; but in American Law, the terms equity and courts of equity are more frequently employed.
c. Scotland. An office in the General Register House, Edinburgh (formerly called Chancellary, q.v.), in which is kept a record of all writs relative to crown lands; also of crown charters of incorporation; commissions or gifts of office from the crown; service of heirs, general and special; and all writs appointed to pass the great or the quarter seal. From it are issued, in the sovereign's name, brieves of inquest regarding idiotcy or insanity, and letters of tutory and curatory.
(Established by James I on his return from his English captivity 1424, and apparently intended to be a court on the model of the English Chancery. But it was never completely organized, and after the complete establishment of the Court of Session (1532), the Chancery office was reduced practically to the function of issuing certain brieves, and recording certain writs. Cf. sense 3.)
1807–8R. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. s.v. Mod. ‘Served heir to his ancestor conform to decree of general service by the Sheriff of Chancery, dated{ddd}, and recorded in Chancery{ddd}’ ‘The Quarter Seal is kept by the Director of Chancery (the officer at the head of the Chancery Office).’
d. fig. (with reference to the functions of the court.)
1617Hieron Wks. II. 93 It is thy gracious Court of Chancery and mitigation which I flye vnto: I am afraid to appeare at the Bench of Iustice. 1634Ford Perkin Warb. ii. ii, We carry A Chancery of pity in our bosoms. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. ii. v. §8 The Propheticall office was a kind of Chancery to the Mosaick Law, wherein the Prophets did interpret the Pandects of the Law ex æquo & bono. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 888 His Will is not meer Will..but it is Law, Equity and Chancery. 1822De Quincey Confess. (1864) 213 Oh..righteous opium that to the chancery of dreams summonest..false witnesses.
e. fig. Equity, or proceedings in equity.
1628Wither Brit. Rememb. vi. 1341 Whosoever came to see That peece of Chauncery, supposed me A very cheating Rascall. 1668Wilkins Real Char. viii. 207.
3. A court of record; an office of public records; archives; also fig.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxiv. 35 The kyng caused [these letters] to be kept in his chauncery. 1600Holland Livy xliii. xvi. 1166 The Censours..shut up and locked all the offices of the Chauncerie. 1762Sterne Tr. Shandy (1802) VI. viii. 297 The accusing spirit, which flew up to Heaven's chancery with the oath, blush'd as he gave it in. 1788T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 499 The Consuls and vice-Consuls..may establish a chancery, where shall be deposited the consular determinations, acts and proceedings. 1832Blackw. Mag. XXXII. 789 Its slender chancery of written memorials. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 217 In Heaven's Chancery also there goes on a recording.
†4. Treasury. Obs. rare.
1842De Quincey Cicero Wks. VI. 206 To pay back into the chancery of war, as into some fund of abeyance, all his own prizes, and palms of every kind.
5. = chancellery 2, esp. 2 c.
In British diplomatic use chancery (and not chancellery) is used for the general political section, and the offices housing it, of an embassy or legation. The word chancery seems to have been first used in this connection in 1920 when it was decided that a new permanent clerical service for diplomatic and consular posts abroad, which was then being formed, should be known as the ‘Chancery Service’.
1561Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 45 How great difference there is betwene the popes chauncerie, and a well framed order of the Chirche. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 27 There are two chanceries, one for the Danish, and the other for the German language. 1882C. E. Turner Stud. in Russ. Lit. ix. 138 [He] offered Kriloff a place in his chancery. 1932H. Nicolson Public Faces vii. 186 You will find a comfortable sofa in the outer chancery. 1954O. O'Malley Phantom Caravan 242, I never went near the building which housed the Chancery (not chancellery, as many journalists called it). I sat in my house, which was about five minutes' walk away from the Embassy offices. 1957Times 10 Oct. 8/4 Chanceries of all nations were groping for a reasonable definition of the limitation of ‘air space’.
6. = chancellery 3.
1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India, That he should be sent prisoner to the Chancerie of Santo Domingo. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 594 Entering the Place Vendôme, on their way to the Chancery.
7. Pugilism. [From the tenacity and absolute control with which the Court of Chancery holds anything, and the certainty of cost and loss to property ‘in chancery’.] A slang term for the position of the head when held under the opponent's left arm to be pommelled severely, the victim meanwhile being unable to retaliate effectively; hence sometimes figuratively used of an awkward fix or predicament.
1832Marryat N. Forster xlvii, He'll not ‘put his head in chancery’, that's clear. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf. T. (1883) 143, I had old Time's head in chancery, and could give it him. 1877Besant & Rice Son of Vulc. i. ii. 28 What a thing it is to have your head in Chancery.
8. attrib. and Comb., as chancery-court, chancery-judge, chancery-man, chancery-practice, chancery-suit, chancery-suitor, chancery-ward; chancery-double, a name for a kind of paper (? obs.); chancery-hand, a particular style of engrossing.
1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 161 The memory is as it were the register and *chancery court of all the other senses. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 328 A national chancery court.
1712Act 10 Anne in Lond. Gaz. No. 5018/3 For all Paper called..*Chancery double 2s...per Ream.
1660Pepys Diary 12 July, Mr. Kipps..directed me to Mr. Beale to get my patent engrossed; but, he not having time to get it done in *chancery-hand, I was forced to run all up and down Chancery Lane.
1853Dickens Bleak Ho. Pref., A *Chancery Judge once had the kindness to inform me..that the Court of Chancery..was almost immaculate.
1580Baret Alv. C 395 A *Chauncerie man, or a practiser in the law, to drawe out writtes. 1591Lambarde Arch. 55 The House of the Rolls..hath beene of long time, as it were, the Colledge of the Chancerie-men.
1874Ruskin Fors Clav. IV. 244 [Dickens] I have heard had real effects on *Chancery practice.
1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxi. 162 A *Chancery suit, the costs of which would undoubtedly fall on the claimants.
1830Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 258 The celebrated injunction of a noble *chancery-suitor to his son.
1851Melville Moby Dick I. xvi. 118 Widows, fatherless children, and *chancery wards. |