| 释义 |
▪ I. shad, n.|ʃæd|
Forms: 1 sceadd, 6–7 shadde, (7 shed), 7, 9 chad, 6– shad. pl. shad, also shads (? 7 shades).
[OE. sceadd, of unknown origin; cf. Welsh ysgadan pl. (sing. ysgadanyn), Irish and Gaelic sgadan, herring.
The LG. schade shad, herring, may be from Eng.; in Dicts. it has been confused with scheide sheat-fish, catfish.]
1. Any clupeoid of the genus Alosa; the British species are the allice, A. communis or vulgaris, and the twaite (or herring-shad), A. finta; the common or white shad of America is A. sapidissima, and the Chinese shad is A. reevesi.
1002Will in Kemble Cod. Dipl. VI. 147 On ðæt ᵹerad, ðonne sceaddgenge sy, ðæt heora æᵹðer sylle. iii. þusend sceadda into ðære stowe æt Byrtune. 1538Elyot Dict. Addit., Acon, aconis, a fyshe, whiche after the description of Paulus Iouius, I suppose to be that, whiche at London is callid a shad [1545 a shadde]. 1584Cogan Haven Health clxxviii. 143 Shad & Mackerel are both sweete in tast & soft in substance. 1602Carew Cornwall 30 Of round fish there are..Chad, &c. a1623Fletcher Love's Cure ii. ii, Whilst I [had]..seen poor rogues retire all gore and gash'd Like bleeding shads. 1629Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 28 (Arb.) I. 356 Of fish we were best acquainted with Sturgeon, Grampus, Popus..Catfish, Shades, Pearch of three sorts,..and Muscles. 1634Wood New Eng. Prosp. (1865) 38 The Shaddes be bigger than the English Shaddes and fatter. 1792Washington Let. Writ. 1792 XII. 245 To furnish me with a certain quantity of shad and herreing. 1819–20W. Irving Sketch Bk., Sleepy Hollow (1865) 440 There was..broiled shad and roasted chickens. 1833J. Rennie Alph. Angling 24 ælian again tells us, that the chad is allured by the sound of castanets. 1848Johns Week at Lizard 238 Bream, chads, or young bream, gurnards. 1886R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log viii. 164 A herring-shad—a large bony flat-fish like a magnified fresh⁓water bream.
2. U.S. Applied, usually with defining word, to other fishes, as gizzard shad, the genus Dorosoma, esp. D. cepedianum (called also mud shad, white-eyed shad, winter shad); green-tailed, hard-head(ed, yellow-tailed shad, the menhaden; hickory or tailor shad: see tailor n. 6; long-boned shad = moharra a; Ohio shad, Pomolobus chrysochloris; trout shad, the squeteague.
1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 569 The Menhaden... ‘Hard-head Shad’... ‘Yellow-tailed Shad.’ Ibid. 607 The Hickory Shad. Ibid. 608 The ‘Tailor Shad.’ Ibid. 610 The..‘Mud-Shad’, ‘Winter Shad’, or ‘Stink Shad’,.. the ‘Gizzard Shad’,..or ‘White-eyed Shad’.
3. As a term of abuse. rare.
1610B. Jonson Alch. iv. vii, Then you are an Otter and a Shad, a Whit, A very Tim. 1894‘Mark Twain’ in St. Nicholas Jan. 252/2 Spiders in a desert, you shad?.. You don't ever reflect, Huck Finn, and I reckon you really haven't got anything to reflect with.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. Simple attrib., as shadbone, shad-box, shad-fish, shad-fisher, shad-fry, shad genus, shad-hatcher, shad roe, shad-seine.
1962Auden Dyer's Hand (1963) 303 Thus, she describes a tomcat's face: the *shadbones regularly set about the mouth.
1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 409 These eggs were placed in *shad boxes.
1679A. Lovell Indic. Univ. 35 A *Shed fish, Alosa. 1908Ld. Cromer Mod. Egypt II. 326 Six live electric shad-fish from the Nile.
1860Harper's Mag. Nov. 795/1 A party of *shad⁓fishers, pulling in their seine. 1904W. M. Gallichan Fishing & Shooting in Spain 195 The shad⁓fishers of Seville.
1857Perley Hand-bk. N. Brunswick 25 Upwards of two hundred boats and five hundred men are employed in the *shad fishery, every season, in Cumberland Basin.
1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. s.v. Shad-bird, It is probable that the Severn fishermen, connecting the appearance of the bird with the advent of the *shad-fishing season, gave to it the local appellation of Shad-bird. 1904W. M. Gallichan Fishing & Shooting in Spain 164 Shad⁓fishing is still a flourishing industry in the Valley of the Minho.
1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 606 The *shad fry..spend the first six months in our rivers.
1891Century Dict., *Shad-hatcher, one who engages in the artificial propagation of shad.
1888All about Alaska (Pacific Coast Steamship Co.) 54 Herring roe is to the native Sitkans what the *shad roe is to the dwellers on the Susquehanna and the Potomac. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 23 Oct. 19/4 And, this is the place for exotic fish eating, with surprises like..shad roe, wolf fish.
1891Century Dict., s.v. Seine, *Shad-seine, a seine especially adapted or used for taking shad, and generally of great size. 1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 604 In the Albemarle the important Shad seine⁓fisheries begin early in March.
b. Special comb. [Chiefly U.S. names of plants which are in flower or fruit when the shad are found in the rivers, and of birds, insects, etc. that appear about that time.] shad-berry, the shad-bush or its fruit; shad-bird, (a) dial. the common sandpiper, Tringoides hypoleucus, ? obs.; (b) ‘the common American snipe, Gallinago wilsoni or G. delicata’ (Cent. Dict. 1891); shad-blossom, the shad-bush or its blossom; shad-blow = shad-bush; † shad-brid (see quot.); shad-bush, the genus Amelanchier, esp. A. canadensis, also called June-berry or service-berry; shad-flower, (a) = shad-bush (Miller Plant-n. 1884); (b) the whitlow-grass, Draba verna (Cent. Dict.); shad-fly, a fly which appears when shad are running; shad-frog, Rana halecina or virescens; shad-herring, a gizzard shad; shad-salmon, the whitefish or freshwater herring, Coregonus clupeiformis of Lakes Erie and Ontario; shad-splash = shad-wash (1891 in Cent. Dict.); shad-tree = shad-bush (1895 in Funk's Stand. Dict.); shad-trout, the squeteague; shad-waiter, the Menomonee whitefish, Coregonus quadrilateralis; shad-wallow, the spawning ground of shad; shad-wash, ‘the wash, swish, or splash of the water by shad in the act of spawning; hence a place where shad spawn’ (Cent. Dict.); shad-worm, a ‘worm’ which is the food of shad. See also shad-belly.
1861Bentley Man. Bot. 537 Amelanchier canadensis.—The fruit is known in Rupert's Land, &c., under the name of ‘*Shad-berry or Service-berry.
1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., *Shad-bird. 1883Kriger in Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 157 (Cass. Suppl.) [In Delaware] snipe are called shad-birds by many of the fishermen.
1821T. Dwight Trav. I. 42 *Shad blossom. This tree grows about fifteen feet in height. 1860Miss Warner Say & Seal li, Under the trees were various low shrubs in flower: shad⁓blossom, with its fleecy stems, and azalia, in rosy pink.
1846D. J. Browne Trees Amer. 282 The Canadian Amelanchier..[also called] June Berry, *Shad-blow, Shad⁓flower. 1890Harper's Mag. Apr. 710/2 Shadblow, with leaves of bluish green, white flowers or green berries waiting for the sun to make them red. 1960Washington Post 25 Jan. b1/4 Trees considered to be worth only 60 per cent..are..common horse-chestnut, shadblow serviceberry, [etc.].
1688Holme Armoury ii. 325/2 A Minnow [is] first a *Shad⁓brid, then a Sprat, then a Minnow.
1818A. Eaton Man. Bot. N. & Middle States 145 Aronia..botryapium (*shad-bush). 1856Bryant Old Man's Counsel 28 Within the woods..the shadbush, white with flowers, Brightened the glens. 1892Nation (N.Y.) 11 Aug. 114/2 The Eastern shadbush, with its two varieties, and the northwestern (species of Amelanchier) come next.
1817A. Eaton Man. Bot. Northern States 55 Aronia..botryapium, (*shad⁓flower).
1825Canad. Mag. IV. 474 The ephemeral Spring Fly, called..by the English the *Shad Fly, as they are supposed to indicate the approach of the fish. 1857Thoreau Maine Woods (1894) 316 We met with ephemerae (shad-fly) midway, about a mile from the shore.
1791W. Bartram Trav. 278 The *shad frog, so called in Pennsylvania from their appearing and croaking in the spring season, at the time the people fish for shad. 1852Thoreau Autumn (1894) 79 Painted tortoises and shad frogs.
1845Storer in Mem. Amer. Acad. (1846) II. 462 Chatoëssus signifer Dekay{ddd}Called ‘*Shad-Herring’, ‘Thread-Herring’, and ‘Thread-fish’ in New York.
1842Ibid. 452 Coregonus clupeiformis, Common *Shad-Salmon.
1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 362 In the Southern Atlantic States it [the Squeteague] is called ‘Grey Trout’, ‘Sun Trout’, and ‘*Shad Trout’.
1879Goode Catal. Anim. Res. U.S. 57 Prosopium quadrilaterale, (Rich.) Milner.—*Shad-waiter.
1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 606 The favorite spawning grounds of the Shad, or ‘*Shad Wallows’, as they are termed by the fisher-men.
1851M. H. Perley Rep. Fisheries Bay of Fundy 88 At Windsor, the ‘*Shad-worm’ is found upon the mud flats. 1857Perley Hand-bk. N. Brunswick 25 Their [shad's] favourite food, the shad-worm and the shrimp.
▪ II. shad, v. rare.
[f. shad n.]
intr. To fish for shad. Cf. shadder n.
1863T. W. Higginson Out-Door Papers ix. 240 (Funk) Along our maritime rivers the people associate April, not with ‘sugaring’ but with ‘shadding’. 1884Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Aug. 4/2 Fishing mainly consists, it is true, of pnollocking (whiffing), and chadding.
▪ III. shad
obs. form of shade, shed. |