| 释义 |
cet-
f. L. cētus, Gr. κῆτος whale, is used to form names of a series of chemical substances derived from spermaceti, i.e. sperma ceti whale's sperm. The chief are cetane |ˈsiːˌteɪn|, the paraffin of the hexdecyl or cetyl series, C16H34, a colourless liquid; so cetane number, a measure of the ignition value of a diesel fuel oil. cetene |ˈsiːˌtiːn|, the olefine of the same series (C16H32), formerly called cetylene, a colourless oily liquid. ˈcetic a., of the whale, or of spermaceti: applied to what was supposed to be a peculiar acid resulting from the saponification of cetin, but which has been ascertained to be only a mixture of margaric acid and cetin. cetin |ˈsiːˌtɪn|, improperly cetine, a white crystalline fatty substance (C32H64O) forming the essential part of spermaceti, and used in the manufacture of candles. cetine |ˈsiːtaɪn|, the ethine or acetylene member of the cetyl series (C16H30) also called hexdecine, and formerly cetenylene, a colourless liquid lighter than water. cetyl |ˈsiːtɪl|, the hydrocarbon radical (C16H33), assumed to exist in cetic acid, and the other members of the cetyl, or cetylic series: among these are cetyl alcohol, a white crystalline substance (C16H33·OH), also called cetylic alcohol, ethal; cetyl hydride = cetane; cetyl-salt any salt of cetyl, as cetyl-acetate, cetyl-palmitate. ˈcetylaˌmine (see quot.). ˈcetylate, a compound of cetyl with a base, as potassium cetylate. ˈcetylene = cetene. ceˈtylic a., of cetyl, as in cetylic alcohol, cetylic acid = cetic acid.
1871Watts Dict. Chem. 1st Supp. 421 *Cetane or Cetyl hydride is one of the constituents of American petroleum. 1884Athenæum 699/1 Cetane (boiling at 278°).
1935Proc. Amer. Soc. Test. Mat. XXXV. 342 More reliable results may be possible when using cetane rather than cetene. For this reason, this classification substitutes the cetane number, which is determined and expressed in the same manner as the cetene number, namely, as the percentage of cetane in a blend of cetane and alphamethylnaphthalene. 1959Chambers's Encycl. VII. 640/2 Ignition quality is defined by ‘cetane number’, i.e. the percentage of cetane in a blend with α-methylnaphthalene which gives the same delay period, under standardized test conditions, as that given by the fuel in question.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 322 This new substance has been distinguished by Dumas and Peligot by the name of *cetene. It is a colourless oily liquid, which stains paper.
1826Henry Elem. Chem. (1840) II. 405 Chevreul separated a substance, which he terms *cetic acid. It is a white solid, fusible at nearly the same point as spermaceti. 1836Blackw. Mag. XXXIX. 310 One of three acids, either the oleïc, margaritic, or cetic; the first being contained in oils, the second in animal fats, the third in spermaceti.
1836–9Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 234/1 It deposits the purified spermaceti in white crystalline scales, and in this state, Chevreul terms it *Cetine. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 724 It has nearly the feel of cetin. 1876Harley Mat. Med. 794 Nearly pure cetin obtained, mixed with oil, from the head of the sperm whale.
1868Royle & Headland Mat. Med. (ed. 5) 750 Ethal is also called Cetylic Alcohol, for it seems to be the hydrated oxide of a radical called *cetyle. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 610 Cetyl alcohol, or Ethal, is a white crystalline mass, which melts at about 50°. 1850Daubeny Atom. The. vii. (ed. 2) 229 Spermaceti is a compound of cetylic acid with the oxide of cetyle.
1863–79Watts Dict. Chem. I. 840 *Cetylamines..bases formed by the substitution of cetyl in place of hydrogen in a molecule of ammonia.
1880Athenæum 27 Nov. 713/1 The authors..have thus prepared aluminic methylate..*cetylate, etc.
1864H. Spencer Biol. I. 6 *Cetylene is a liquid which boils at 527°.
c1865Letheby in Circ. Sc. I. 97/2 A fatty acid (*cetylic), which fuses at 131°. |