| 释义 |
‖ prætorium, pretorium|priːˈtɔərɪəm|
[L. prætōrium a general's tent; a provincial governor's residence, a palace; the prætorian guard; n. use of neut. of prætōrius adj., belonging to a prætor.]
1. The tent of the commanding general in a Roman camp; the space where this was placed.
1600Holland Livy vii. xxxvi. 274 When he was come to the Pretorium, the Consull by sound of trumpet, called all the armie to an audience. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 89/2 The Prætorium, or General's Tent. 1816Scott Antiq. iv, ‘From this very prætorium’—A voice from behind interrupted his ecstatic description—‘Prætorian here, prætorian there, I mind the bigging o't.’ 1843Arnold Hist. Rome III. 131 When one of their tribes first saw the habits of a Roman camp and observed the centurions walking up and down before the prætorium for exercise.
transf.1636Massinger Bashf. Lover iv. iii, As I rode forth With some choice troops, to make discovery Where the enemy lay... The duke's prætorium opened.
2. The official residence of the governor of a Roman province; a governor's palace or court.
1611Bible Mark xv. 16 The souldiers led him away into the hal, called Pretorium [mod. edd. Prætorium], and they call together the whole band. 1706Phillips (ed. 6), Prætorium, the place where the Prætor administer'd Justice;..also taken for his Palace; and sometimes for his Pleasure-House. 1877C. Geikie Christ lx. (1879) 735 The Romans had made Herod's palace the Praetorium, or head-quarters.
b. By extension: The court or palace of an ancient king; also applied to a town-hall, etc.
1611Coryat Crudities 635 The Prætorium or rather the Stadthouse [at Nimmigen]..is a very ancient and stately place. a1661B. Holyday Juvenal 205 [Hannibal] became a client to Prusias the Bithynian king; at whose prætorium, or court, he was glad to wait for a hearing. 1820T. S. Hughes Trav. Sicily I. ii. 61 This palace, or prætorium, falling into decay, was replaced by a strong Saracenic fortress.
3. The quarters of the Prætorian Guard in Rome.
1670R. Lassels Voy. Italy ii. 96 The ruines of the Pretorium, the Quarters of the Pretorian Bands, which the Emperours lodged here. 1904G. Smith Hist. Chr. Missions ii. v. 48 Paul lived in Rome and near the Praetorium. |