| 释义 |
seventh, a. and n.|ˈsɛv(ə)nθ|
Forms: α. north. (and Kentish). 1 seofunda, -onda, siofunda, 2 seofende, 3 (Ormin) se(o)ffnde, sefennde, 3–4 sevende, 3–5 sevend, 4 zevende, seyvend(e, 4–5 sevind, -ynd. β. 1 seofoþa, -eða, sufoþa, 1–2 -oþe, 2 seofeþe, 3 seoveþe, 3–4 sovethe, seveþe; 3 sefþe, 5 sefth. γ. 3 seouenþe, 3–5 seventhe, 4 sevenethe, sefnthe, 4–5 seveneth, 5 sevynthe, (senthe), 6 sevoenthe, sevinth, 6–7 seaventh, 4– seventh. δ. north. 4 seyvent, sevente, sewinte, sevynte, 4–6 sevent, sevint, 4, 6 sewint, 5 sevenete, sente, (senfte), 6 sewent.
[Formations of different types are here represented: αOE. (Anglian) seo-, siofunda, ME. (Northern and Kentish) sevende, corresp. to OFris. siugunda, sogunda, savnda (mod. saunde), OS. sivondo, OHG. sibunto (MHG. sibente, sibende, G. siebente), ON. sjaunde (Norw. sjaunde, Sw. sjunde, Da. syvende):—OTeut. *seƀundo-; cf. late OE. niᵹende ninth, ME. tende tenth. βOE. seofoþa, -eþa = OS. sivoðo:—OTeut. *seƀunþo-, f. *seƀun seven; cf. OE. niᵹoþa ninth, téoþa tenth. γME. seventhe, a new formation on seven and -th2; cf. ninth, tenth. The δ-forms exhibit the by-form (-t) of the suffix characteristic of Sc.]
The ordinal number corresponding to the cardinal number seven.
A. adj.
1. a. In concord with a n. expressed or understood.
αc950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 26 Ᵹelic ðe æftera & ðe ðirda wið to ðæm seofunda [c 975 Rushw. Gosp. siofund; c 1000Ags. Gosp. seofoþan, v.rr. seofeðan, sufoþon; c 1160Hatton Gosp. seofende, v.r. seofeðen]. c1200Ormin 4168 Þe sefennde, þe lattste daȝȝ. Ibid. 5598 Þe seoffnde ȝife Godess Gast Her ȝifeþþ. c1250Gen. & Ex. 445 Lamech is at ðe sexte kne, ðe seuende man after adam. 1340Ayenb. 3 Þe zeuende bene of þe holy pater noster. c1350Leg Rood (1871) 93 For hunger he cried on þe seuynd day. c1400Rule St. Benet (Prose) vii. 14 Þe seuind degrece o mekeness. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xvi. 73 Þis faire lady sall com to him at þe seuend day, or þe thridd day, end.
β971Blickl. Hom. 47 ærest on ærne morᵹen..seofoþan siþe on uhtan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 43 Innan þan sea weren vii bittere uþe..þe seofeþe [wes] ful stunch. a1225St. Marher. 8 Þe seoueðe time of þe dei. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2577 Þe seueþe ȝer it was after þat hii to londe come. Ibid. 9068 In þe seueþe & tuenti ȝer of þe kinges crouninge. a1300Signs bef. Judgm. 97 in E.E.P. (1862) 10 Þe sefþe dai hit sal grow aȝe. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvii. 144 The syxte, hit is a paþ of pees... The seueþe, hit is a welle of wysedome. c1475Partenay 4427 Thys Grymold is the fifte Geant found, The sixte, or the sefth of thaim hath be last. a1550Six Town Chron. (1911) 186 Kyng henry the sevethe.
γc1290Beket 1815 in S. Eng. Leg. 158 Þe seuenþe ȝer þat he wende furst out of engelonde. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 681 Blisful Venus wel arayed Sat in here seuenethe hows of heuene þo. 1390Gower Conf. III. 130 The sefnthe sterre in special Of this science is Arial. c1425Eng. Conq. Irel. xxiv. 58 He arryued, the yer of hys kyngedome, senthe [v.r. the Senfte]. c1430Chev. Assigne 42 Sex semelye sonnes & a dowȝter þe seueneth. 1493Dives & Pauper iii. xiii. l j b, God bad reste in the seuynthe day. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 84 Henrie the seuinth. 1605Shakes. Macb. iv. i. 118 Another yet? A seauenth? 1667Milton P.L. viii. 128 Thir wandring course..In six thou seest, and what if sev'nth to these The Planet Earth..Insensibly three different motions move? Ibid. xi. 696 Hee the seventh from thee, whom thou beheldst The onely righteous in a World perverse. 1710Swift Jrnl. to Stella 31 Oct., I have sent my seventh [letter] to your fourth, young women. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 353 In both cases the focus [of disease] seems to have affected the issuing seventh [cerebral nerve].
δc1375Cursor M. 6844 (Fairf.), vj. dayes sal ȝe wirke..and ȝe sal rest þe seyuent day. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vii. (Jacobus Minor) 95 The sewynt ȝere of his bischophad. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 169 Þe sevent werke of mercy. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 23 Pape Gregore the sevynt. a1500Signs of Doomsday 95 in Brome Bk. 74 The sente day schall fall down Chyrch, and castyll. 1576in Oppress. Orkney & Zetld. (1859) 47 This Sewint Article. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 183 The sext is bontie... The Sewent is gentilnes.
b. ellipt. for seventh day, chapter, regiment, etc.
to commit the seventh (slang), to transgress the seventh commandment, to commit adultery.
1598J. Chamberlain Lett. (Camden) 29 The seventh of this moneth. 1674Brevint Saul at Endor 298 The seventh of St. John's Revelation. 1841Lever O'Malley cxvii, He ordered me to picket two squadrons of the seventh. 1874Hardy Far from Madding Crowd viii, As soon as he could..fancy he was doing wrong and committing the seventh.
2. a. seventh part, or † seventh deal (see also sevendele), one of the seven equal parts into which a thing may be divided.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. 318/657 Þare nis bote þat seouenþe del þat men woniez on, i-wis. Ibid. 318/665 Þe seuenþe part. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 45 Þe seuenþe parte of þe þridde. a1400–50Wars Alex. 2157 Þai pleyne more þe pouirte & þe pite of þar horsis Þan þe soroȝe of þam-selfe by þe seuynt parte [Dubl. MS. seuent dele].
b. seventh heaven: see heaven n. 5 c, 7 c.
Hence seventh-heaven-arian (nonce-wd.), one who is always in the seventh heaven of ecstasy.
1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxxiii, You will find that, when you have heard my counsel, you may go to the seventh heaven with it in your pocket, if you have a mind, and not feel yourself an ounce heavier in the ascent. 1857Kingsley Two Y. Ago II. 104 What a blue stocking, pre-Raphaelite seventh-heaven-arian she would have been. 1892Mrs. Clifford Aunt Anne xiv, Florence was in a seventh heaven of happiness.
c. seventh wave, the wave traditionally thought to be the biggest in an increasing swell of the sea; also fig., a culminating act or experience.
1891Kipling City Dreadf. Nt. i. 3 Six moderately pure mouthfuls of [Calcutta] air may be drawn without offence. Then comes the seventh wave and the queaziness of an uncultured stomach. 1908G. Meredith Let. 24 Jan. (1970) III. 1623 You know the seventh wave. There must be a gathering of the waters before a big surge is thrown on shore. 1940L. MacNeice Poems 1925–1940 251 The Northern Lights and the Seventh Wave. 1976E. Ward Hanged Man i. 3 A seventh wave pulled him backwards into undertow.
3. = seventhly. rare.
1576Gascoigne Droome of Doomes day Wks. 1910 II. 330 Seventh, he ought in all things to [etc.]. 1840Dom. Brewing 8 The following articles only are requisite... Seventh, a stirring stick.
B. n.
1. = Seventh part.
1557Recorde Whetst. B ij b, Sesquiseptima. 8 to 7 : 16 to 14..(11/7) a seuenth more. 1623J. Johnson Arith. 229 Because your fractions are seuenths, cut off 7 figures. 1762Ramsbottom Fractions Anatomized 33 For if to 4 Sevenths We add 4 Eighths..it is neither 8 Sevenths nor 8 Eighths. 1844R. Rouse Turf Betting 8 Different denominators, as fifths, sevenths, elevenths. 1897Günther in Mary Kingsley W. Africa 711 Eye two-sevenths of the length of the head.
2. Mus.
a. A note seven degrees (see degree n. 11 a) above or below a given note (both notes being counted); the note immediately below the octave in a scale, = leading note.
b. The interval between two notes seven degrees apart; it is either major, minor, or diminished: see these words.
c. (In full, chord of the seventh.) A chord consisting of a note together with its third, fifth, and seventh: denominated from that note of the scale which forms the root, as dominant seventh, tonic seventh; also minor seventh, diminished seventh (see quots. 1880, 1883), leading seventh (see leading ppl. a. 1 b).
1591J. Farmer Plainsong B vj, 2 parts in one in the seuenth, the Basse before, the Meane follow a sembreefe, the plainsong in the midst. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. 71 Phi. Which distances make discord..? Ma...a second, a fourth, a seuenth. 1694W. Holder Princ. Harmony 169 These Discords, the Tritone, and Semidiapente; as also, the Seconds, and Sevenths, are of very great use in Music. 1730Treat. Harmony 15 The Seventh of the key. 1752tr. Rameau's Treat. Mus. 28 The perfect Chord, and that of the Seventh. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XII. 508/2 An interval consisting of four tones and two semitones, as from re to ut, is called a seventh minor. 1818T. Busby Gram. Mus. 326 The chord of the Seventh is susceptible of three changes. 1839Penny Cycl. XV. 297/1 The dominant 7th and the diminished 7th, or their inversions. 1855Browning Toccata of Galuppi's vii, Those lesser thirds so plaintive..Those commiserating sevenths. 1880Grove's Dict. Mus. I. 673 The use of the minor seventh, which we call the Dominant seventh, without preparation. 1883Ibid. III. 477/2 The chord of the Diminished seventh..is in its complete form composed of a set of minor thirds. |