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▪ I. quadrate, n.1|ˈkwɒdreɪt|
Also 6–8 quadrat.
[ad. L. quadrāt-um n., neut. sing. of quadrātus quadrate a.1: cf. quadrant n.2 and quadrat.]
†1. A square; a square area or space; also, a rectangle or rectangular space. Obs.
1471Sir J. Paston in P. Lett. III. 17 What brede eche towr takythe within iche corner off the quadrate ovyrthwert the dorys. 1483[see quadrate a. 1]. 1551Recorde Pathw. Knowl. i. xxi, When any two quadrates be set forth, howe to make a squire about the one quadrate, whiche shall be equall to the other quadrate. 1598Barret Theor. Warres iii. ii. 46 A Quadrat of ground will bee of men two times and one third more broade then long. 1658Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus 45 The Labyrinth of Crete, built upon a long quadrate, containing five large squares. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 62 The Powers Militant, That stood for Heav'n, in mighty Quadrate joyn'd. 1680T. Lawson Mite Treas. 33 Their..Cone, Cylinder, Parallelogram, Quadrat [etc.].
†b. A square number, the square of a number.
1590Recorde, etc. Gr. Artes (1640) 575 That number is called a Quadrate, which is made by the multiplication of two equal numbers. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 217 The life of man, whose Period..he placed in the Quadrate of 9. or 9. times 9. that is, 81.
†c. A group of four things. = quaternion 1.
1637Saltonstall Eusebius' Life Constantine 139 By the number of twice two, hee invented the quadrate of the foure Elements.
2. A square or rectangular plate or block. rare.
1647H. More Song of Soul i. ii. cxliii, A leaden Quadrate swayes hard on that part That's fit for burdens. 1799W. Tooke View Russian Emp. I. 50 It was constructed of huge quadrats of ice hewn in the manner of free-stone. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. Old Benchers I.T., His person was a quadrate, his step massy and elephantine.
†3. Astron.
a. Quadrate aspect; quadrature. Obs.
1665–6Phil. Trans. I. 5 This Comet..Having been in Quadrat with the Sun it should still descend. 1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. vi. 22 The Moon, on the day of the Last Quadrate decreasing, makes as high a Water, sometimes higher than at the first in the Increase. 1695Congreve Love for L. ii. v, Can judge..of sextiles, quadrates, trines and oppositions.
†b. A right angle. Obs. rare—1.
1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. vi. 18 In the one the Moon is conjoin'd with the Sun in diameter-line making no Angle, in the Other making a Quadrate, the utmost distance from the Conjunction and Opposition.
4. Anat.
a. The quadrate bone.
b. A quadrate muscle.
1872Mivart Anat. 121 Other bones, the lowest of which is termed the Quadrate. 1878[see quadrato- 2]. 1883Martin & Moale Vertebr. Dissect. ii. 103 The quadrates, projecting ventrally and forward and bearing the articular facets for the mandible.
▪ II. † quadrate, n.2 Obs.
Also quadrat.
[App. an alteration of quadrant n.1, through assoc. with prec., or through misreading of quadrāt = quadrant.]
1. A quarter; spec. of a circle. = quadrant n.1 4.
1551Recorde Pathw. Knowl. i. Defin., The quarter of a circle, named a quadrate. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Quadrate, a quarter.
2. = quadrant 5.
1551Recorde Pathw. Knowl. ii. Pref., The arte of Measuryng by the quadrate geometricall, and the disorders committed in vsyng the same. Ibid., A newe quadrate newely inuented by the author hereof. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 163 The use of the shipmans quadrat, whose inventor was worthy D. Gemma. Ibid. 164 The hier part of the Quadrate.
▪ III. † quadrate, n.3 Her. Obs.
Also 5 quadrant, 5–6 quadrat.
[Prob. identical with one or other of the prec. ns., but the precise origin is not clear.]
(See quots. 1486.)
1486Bk. St. Albans, Her. B iij, In blasyng of armys be ix. quadrattis that is to say v. quadrate finiall and iiij. Royall. Ibid. B iv, Quadrat is calde in armys whan the felde is set with sum tokyn of armys. 1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 77 b, The Crosse thus charged, is called of olde Heraultes, the first quadrate royall. 1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 206–209.
▪ IV. quadrate, a.|ˈkwɒdrət|
Also 5–7 quadrat.
[ad. L. quadrāt-us, pa. pple. of quadrāre to square: see quadrate v.]
1. Square, rectangular. Now rare.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. cxviii. (1495) 922 Quadrate shape and square is moost stedfaste and stable. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 332 b/2 For whanne euery beest was quadrate as we may ymagyne In a quadrate ben foure corners and euery corner was a penne. 1538Leland Itin. III. 44 A strong Castel quadrate having at eche corner a great Round Tower. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus i. 139 Tabletis of gold, bayth quadrate als & round. 1593Norden Spec. Brit., M'sex i. 35 The form of the building is quadrate. 1813T. Busby Lucretius II. iv. 437 And circular appears the quadrate pile. 1866Huxley Preh. Rem. Caithn. 137 The quadrate pelvis is that which is compressed..so that the brim is almost quadrangular. 1880Bastian Brain 77 These two pairs of ganglia..are combined into one quadrate mass in Hyalea.
Comb.1610J. Guillim Heraldry ii. vii. (1660) 85 This is termed Quarter pierced, quasi, Quadrate pierced, for that the piercing is square as a Trencher.
†b. Math. Of numbers or roots. = square. Obs.
c1430Art Nombrynge (E.E.T.S.) 14, .4. is the first nombre quadrat, and 2. is his rote. 1571Digges Pantom. i. xxv. H j, These two ioyned together make 43600, whose Quadrate roote being about 208 pace 3 foote is the Hypothenusall line AC. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. §31. 552 The Rings Roundnesse must remember the King of Eternitie; the Quadrat number of Constancy. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 215 Consisting of square and quadrate numbers [viz. 49 and 81]. 1655–60Stanley Hist. Phil. (1687) 527/2 The Tetrad..being quadrate..is divided into Equals.
c. Anat. in the distinctive names of certain parts of the body having an approximately square shape.
quadrate bone, a special bone in the head of birds and reptiles, by which the lower jaw is articulated to the skull. quadrate muscle, the name of several muscles, esp. the quadratus lumborum (of the loins), q. femoris (of the thigh), and q. pronator (in the forearm): see quadratus.
1856–8W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. II. 334 The quadrate bone of birds is..divided above into two arms.
†2. Astron. = quartile a. Obs.
This use of quadrate is due to the fact that the lines joining four equidistant points on a circle form a square; hence also the sign for ‘quartile aspect’ is {square}, as that for ‘trine’ is △. Cf. quadrature 4.
1552Huloet, Quadrate aspecte of the planettes. 1594Blundevil Exerc. iv. pr. 43 (1636) 501 And they [two Planets] are said..to be in a quadrat aspect when they are distant one from another, by three signes. 1601Holland Pliny I. 12 The planet of Mars..maketh station but in quadrate aspect: as for Iupiter, in triangle aspect. 1685Boyle Enq. Notion Nat. v. 126 At some time She and the Sun should have a Trine, or a Quadrate Aspect.
†3. fig. Complete, perfect. Obs.
1608J. King Serm. St. Mary's 7 There yet remaineth a fourth point to make vp a quadrate and perfitt honor of the King. c1645Howell Lett. vi. (1650) 253 The Moralist tells us that a quadrat solid wise man should..be still the same. 1679Harby Key Script. ii. 45 That future quadrate Righteousness of Gospel-Promise.
†4. Conformable, corresponding (to or with). Cf. quadrant a. 2. Obs.
a1657R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 68 To construe me right, and believe my meaning quadrate to my words. 1674S. Vincent Yng. Gallant's Acad. 99 His word and his meaning are quadrate, and never shake hands and part. 1720Welton Suffer. Son of God I. vi. 112 Whose State of Life is Quadrate and Concentrick with the Low and Humble Poverty of their Redeemer.
5. Her. cross quadrate, a cross which expands into a square at the junction of the arms.
1780Edmondson Compl. Body Heraldry I. [See of] Litchfield. Per pale gu. and ar. a cross potent quadrat. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VIII. 452/1.
▪ V. quadrate, v.|ˈkwɒdreɪt|
Also 7–9 (6 Sc. pa. pple.) quadrat.
[f. L. quadrāt-, ppl. stem of quadrāre to square.]
1. trans. To make (a thing) square. rare.
1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 586 With subtill wark it was sa roborat Properlie alswa with kirnalis weill quadrat. 1798in Spirit Publ. Jrnls. (1799) II. 151 The winding stream quadrated into fishponds. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 197/2 The materials..are there quadrated or formed into rectangular blocks.
b. Math. To square (a circle, etc.). rare.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 26 The hardest things in the world were; To quadrate a circle, to find out the philosopher's stone. 1838–9Hallam Hist. Lit. III. iii. viii. §9 399 It had long been acknowledged by the best geometers impossible to quadrate by a direct process any curve surface.
†2. To square (a number or amount). Obs. rare—1.
1613Jackson Creed ii. §iii. iv. 388 The Pharisees..did as it were quadrate the measure of Proselytes sinnes; multiplying Gentilisme by Pharisaisme.
3. intr. To square, agree, correspond, conform with (rarely to).
1610J. Guillim Heraldry vi. v. (1611) 265 This forme of Helmet..doth best quadrate with the dignity of a Knight. 1671True Nonconf. 18 That it exactly quadrates to the case of our Controversie is apparent. 1720Welton Suffer. Son of God I. xi. 273 When their Lives Quadrate with their Doctrine, their Words Become of weight. 1794Paley Evid. ii. i. (1817) 10 The description..quadrates with no part of the Jewish history with which we are acquainted. 1876J. Parker Paracl. ii. xviii. 325 He had to make a creed which would quadrate with his immorality.
b. Without const.: To be fitting, suitable, or consistent. Also of two things: To harmonize with each other. Now rare.
1664Evelyn Sylva (1776) 516 The same arguments do not Quadrate in trees. 1718Freethinker No. 44 ⁋7 The Compliment..of comparing a Beauty to a Star, will now quadrate in every Respect. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. ii. Interl. 84 The similies of Homer..do not quadrate, or go upon all fours. 1833Chalmers Const. Man (1835) I. vi. 256 That the natural..and the legal or political..should quadrate as much as possible.
c. trans. To make conformable (to). rare.
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 296 Therefore I desire all such that expect any success to their Observations, that they quadrate the Rules to the places where they live. 1817T. L. Peacock Melincourt xxv, He quadrates his practice as nearly as he can to his theory.
4. Artillery.
a. trans. To adjust (a gun) on its carriage (see quots.).
b. intr. Of a gun: To lie properly on the carriage.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., In Gunnery, to quadrate or square a Piece, is to see whether it be duly plac'd, or well pois'd on the Carriage and Wheels. 1800Naval Chron. IV. 53 A gun quadrates, or hangs well in her carriage. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Quadrate, to trim a gun on its carriage and its trucks, to adjust it for firing on a level range.
5. In pa. pple.: Placed in quadrate aspect.
1829Poe Poems, Al Aaraf (1859) 192 What time the moon is quadrated in heaven. |