| 释义 |
cephalo-|ˈsɛfələʊ|
combining form of Gr. κεϕαλή head, used as the first element in many technical words: a. in combinations, such as ˌcephalo-ˈbranchiate a. [see branchiate], having gills upon the head; ˌcephalo-caˈthartic a., ‘purging the head’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˌcephalo-exˈtractor, an instrument for extracting a fœtus by the head; ˌcephalo-ˈhumeral a. [see humeral], name of a muscle in the horse and other animals, analogous to the cleido-mastoid part of the sterno-cleido-mastoid in man; ˌcephalo-ˈorbital a. [see orbital], see quot.; ˌcephalo-phaˈryngeal a. [see pharyngeal], relating to the head and pharynx; ˌcephalo-rhaˈchidian a. [Gr. ῥάχις spine], belonging to the head and the spine, cerebro-spinal; ˌcephalo-ˈspinal a., bad synonym of prec.b. in derivative formations, as ˈcephalocele [see cele], a tumour in the head. ˈcephalograph [Gr. -γραϕος writer], an instrument by which the contour of the head may be reproduced on paper. cephaˈlography [Gr. -γραϕία writing], a description of the head. ˌcephalohæˈmometer [Gr. αἷµα blood + µέτρον measure], an instrument for measuring variations of blood-pressure in the head. cephaˈlology, ‘a treatise on the head’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). † ˈcephaloˌmancy [Gr. µαντεία divination], divination by means of a head (see quot.). ˈcephalomant [Gr. µάντις diviner], a professor of cephalomancy. cephaˈlometer [Gr. µέτρον measure], ‘an instrument formerly used for ascertaining the size of the fœtal head during parturition; also, an instrument used in the measurement of the different angles of the skull’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). cephaˈlophorous a. [Gr. -ϕορος bearing], having a distinct head, applied to the Cephalates among molluscs. cephaˈlopterous a. [Gr. πτέρον wing], having a winged or feathered head. ˈcephaloˌstat [Gr. στατός standing], a head-rest; an instrument for fixing the head during an operation. cephaˈlostegite [Gr. στέγειν to cover closely + -ite], ‘the anterior division of the large calcified dorsal shield of Podophthalmia’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). ˌcephaloˈtaxus [L. taxus yew], Bot., a genus of Conifers, called Cluster-flowered Yew, natives of N. China and Japan. ˈcephaloˌtome [Gr. -τοµος adj., cutting], ‘an instrument for cutting or breaking down the head of the fœtus in the operation of embryotomy’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). cephaˈlotomist [see -ist], one skilled in cephalotomy. cephaˈlotomy [Gr. -τοµία n., cutting], the dissection of the head; also, the operation mentioned under cephalotome. ˌcephaloˈtractor, a term for the midwifery forceps. ˈcephaloˌtribe [Gr. τρίβειν to rub, bruise], an instrument used in cephalotripsy. ˈcephaloˌtripsy [Gr. τρῖψις rubbing, bruising], the operation of crushing the head of the fœtus with a cephalotribe, in cases of difficult delivery.
1871W. A. Hammond Dis. Nerv. Syst. 56 Experiments with the *cephalo-hæmometer.
1881Mivart Cat 137 The origin of the *cephalo-humeral.
a1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. xxv, *Cephalomancy, often practised amongst the High Germans in their boiling of an Asses Head upon burning Coals.
1860Reade Eighth Commandm. 202 The *cephalomant is he who opposes a priori reasoning, or mere assumption, to direct evidence, present or accessible.
1878Bartley tr. Topinard's Anthrop. ii. iii. 296 A special *cephalometer.
Ibid. ii. ii. 232 The sum of the volume of both orbits thus obtained he compares with the cerebral capacity. This is the *cephalo-orbital index.
1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 945/2 This aponeurosis, named *cephalo-pharyngeal.
Ibid. V. 106/1 The *cephalorachidian fluid.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life 91 The anterior portion of the cerapace is called the *cephalostegite.
1883Harper's Mag. Apr. 726/2 A *cephalotaxus—a yew-like Japanese plant—with very light foliage.
1869Eng. Mech. 19 Mar. 577/2 A *cephalotomist and neurologist.
1836–9Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 332/2 The necessity of performing *cephalotomy.
1860Churchill Midwifery 366 M. Baudeloque junr. has invented an instrument which he calls a ‘*cephalotribe’.
1876Leishman Midwifery xxxii, *Cephalotripsy.
Add:[b.] cephaloˈmetric a. pertaining to or obtained by cephalometry; also = craniometric adj. s.v. cranio-.
1935Huxley & Haddon We Europeans ii. 41 Spiegel introduced ‘*cephalometric lines’. He drew four lines in certain directions, within the skull, and if these lines were equal to each other he regarded the skull as regularly proportioned. 1977Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXX. 432/1 Many assessments of relapse have been based upon cephalometric measurements and values for mean relapse, and standard error, standard deviation and probability for the samples are given. 1989Brit. Jrnl. Orthodontics XVI. 121/1 A retrospective cephalometric study was carried out investigating vertical skeletal and dental changes in 30 patients treated with the Andresen appliance. 1991Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 13/5 He..helped develop a computerised system for assessing cephalometric X-rays..which is now standard.
cephaloˈmetrical a. rare = *cephalometric adj. above.
1895Amer. Jrnl. Insanity LII. 77 The two systems of measurement—the craniometrical and *cephalometrical—differ but slightly from each other, the former, of course, being the more exact, since every portion of the naked skull is attainable.
cephaˈlometry n. [cf. earlier Fr. céphalométrie], measurement of the head, esp. of the foetal head; also = craniometry s.v. cranio-.
1881Index-Catal. Library Surg.-General's Office, U.S. Army II. 812/2 *Cephalometry. See Craniometry. 1895Amer. Jrnl. Insanity LII. 73 (heading) Craniometry and cephalometry in relation to idiocy and imbecility. 1977Lancet 3 Dec. 1170/2 Ultrasound cephalometry should be a routine investigation early in pregnancy, but in reaching this conclusion we have assumed that ultrasound examination is harmless. |