| 释义 |
cavalry|ˈkævəlrɪ|
Forms: 6–7 cavallerie, -arie, 7 cavallery, cavalary, chavallery, cavellerie, cavelrie, 7– cavalry.
[In 16–17th c. cavallery, a. F. cavallerie (16th c. in Littré), ad. It. cavalleria (= Pr. cavalaria Sp. caballeria):—Romanic type caballaˈria, f. L. caballārius horseman. See -ery. (The native Fr. form of the word was chevalerie, whence Eng. chivalry.) Massinger (1632) accented caˈvallery, but other spellings appear to indicate ˈcavallery, whence also ˈcavalry in the middle of the 17th c. (See also chavallery, chivalry.)]
†1. Horsemanship; chivalry. Obs.
1591Harington Orl. Fur. 266 note, The likest to him for armes and cavallarie (as we terme it). 1625Markham Souldier's Accid. i, The Cavallarie or Formes of Trayning of Horse-Troopes. 1644Milton Educ. Wks. (1847) 101 All the Art of Cavalry. 1670R. Lassels Voy. Italy (1698) II. 265 They tilt and use other sports of cavalry.
†2. Knighthood; an order of chivalry. Obs.
1601Holland Pliny II. 460 Cicero..re-established the Knighthood and Cauallerie of Rome in their former estate and place. 1616N. Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Counc. Trent (1676) 366 To institute a Religion of an hundred persons, like unto a Cavalary. 1625Fletcher Fair Maid iii. i. 37 To keep off the Cavelrie and Gentry. 1632Brome Court Begg. ii. i. Wks. 1873 I. 207 All The cavalry of Court.
3. a. The collective name for horse-soldiers; that part of a military force which consists of mounted troops. Opposed to infantry.
(Usually construed with plural vb., exc. a cavalry, which has pl. cavalries.)
1591Garrard Art Warre 225 The companies of the couragious Cavallerie. 1598Barret Theor. Warres v. i. 141. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1245 The cavallery of the Thebanes. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 74 You may haue a good Cauallerie, but neuer good stable Bands of Foot. 1632Massinger Maid of Hon. ii. iii, I, in mine own person, With part of the cavallery. 1644Milton Educ. (1738) 137 Two Troops of Cavalry. 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Warrs 355 The Cavallery belonging to the United States. a1714Burnet Own Times an. 1694 (R.) They sent away their cavalry with so much haste. 1834Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) III. 127 A struggle between the opposing cavalries, which shall keep itself in condition for action longest. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 592 The cavalry were about a thousand in number.
b. transf. Horses, horsemen, etc., collectively.
1684Dk. Beaufort's Progr. Wales (1864) 17 Leading horses to supply accidents and defects in the coach-cavalry. 1792A. Young Trav. France 11 A traveller so weak in cavalry as myself. 1870Disraeli Lothair, Troops of social cavalry cantered..in morning rides. 1881A. J. Duffield Don Quix. II. 550 Donkeys..the ordinary Cavalry of Country Maids.
c. (See quot.)
1820Hoyle's Games Impr. 347 A variation of Draughts entitled Constitutional Checkers. Ibid. 348 The pieces with the turrets to be considered as Cavalry, and the flat pieces as Infantry. Ibid., A king may not be taken backwards by Cavalry or Infantry unless they have been to king.
4. attrib. and Comb. cavalry charge, cavalry day, cavalry jacket, cavalry man, cavalry officer, cavalry soldier, etc.; cavalry curate, a curate who rode on horseback to perform his duties in an extensive and scattered parish; cavalry twill (see quot. 1957).
1872Morley Voltaire (1886) 163 A daring *cavalry-charge.
1894G. H. Hamilton Charge 8 Mission Chapels—where the ‘*Cavalry Curates’ ought to reside. 1898Westm. Gaz. 14 Jan. 1/3 The immense extent of many parishes, into some of which ‘Cavalry curates’ have been introduced with advantage.
1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 144 On *cavalry days, when guests are invited to dine with the regiment.
1799Instr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 266 The principles of all *cavalry evolutions.
1861Times 22 Oct., A blue *cavalry jacket.
1860Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. cxix. 61 *Cavalry-men on both sides.
1838Annual Scrap-Book 19 The amount of a tailor's bill, on fitting out his son as a *cavalry officer. 1854Thackeray Newcomes vi, This distinguished cavalry officer swore very freely. 1903Westm. Gaz. 5 Oct. 1/3, I bought him on the advice of two cavalry-officer friends who knew him.
1852Grote Greece ii. lxxvi. X. 77 A *cavalry-soldier..was reckoned as equivalent to four hoplites.
1942J. Hoye Staple Cotton Fabrics 146 The name *cavalry twill is used..for a steep double-twill-line whipcord made with colored yarns on 9 harnesses and in a tricotine weave. 1944G. S. Brady Materials Handbk. (ed. 5) 188 Cavalry twill is not a cotton cloth, but is of worsted or rayon twill woven with a diagonal raised cord. 1953S. D. Barney Clothes & Horse ix. 63 Cavalry Twill..was first made..during the early part of the First World War in khaki for Cavalry Regiments, hence the name. 1957Textile Terms & Defs. (ed. 3) 24 Cavalry twill, a firm warp-faced cloth in which the weave gives steep double twill lines separated by pronounced grooves formed by the weft. 1959J. Braine Vodi iv. 57 A cream silk shirt, fawn cavalry twill slacks and light brown suède shoes. |