| 释义 |
▪ I. cauldron, caldron, n.|ˈkɔːldrən|
Forms: 3 caudroun, 4 cauderoun, cawdroun, caudren, (gaudroun), 4–5 cawdrone, -run, 4–7 caudron, 5 cawdren, -derowne, -durne, -tron, caudryn, calderon, 5–6 caldrone, 5–7 cawdron, 6 caud-, cauld-, cautherne, 5– caldron, 6 cauldron. See also chaldron.
[ME. caud(e)ron, -oun, a. AF. and ONF. caud(e)ron, -oun, corresp. to central OF. chaud(e)ron, Sp. calderon, It. calderone, augmentative of *caldario, *calderio:—L. caldārium hot-bath, of which the pl. caldāria exists in It. caldaja, Pg. caldeira, Sp. caldera, Pr. caudiera, NF. caudiere, F. chaudière kettle. The l is a later insertion of the Renascence, in imitation of Latin, which has gradually been recognised in pronunciation: Sc. has still caudron, cauðron. The spelling cauldron decidedly preponderates in modern use, though the dictionaries from Johnson downward have favoured caldron.]
1. A large kettle or boiler.
c1300St. Brandan 158 Hi..soden hem fisch in a caudroun. c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2460 A gret boiland cauderoun. 1382Wyclif Ecclus. xiii. 3 What shal comune the caudron to the pot? 1387E.E. Wills (1882) 2 Þe gaudroun in þe kechyn. 1398Trevisa Barth. De. P.R. xix. cxxviii. (1495) 933 A caudren is a vessel of kechen. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 662, Hoc caldarium, caldron. c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 433 Sethe it in a pot..or in a cawdron. c1440Gesta Rom. 381 (Add. MS.) A Cawderowne full of wellyng piche and brymstone. 1535Coverdale 1 Sam. ii. 14 The Cauldron, or ketell, or panne, or pot. 1556Inv. in French Shaks. Geneal. (1869) 471 In the kitchen..ij. cathernes. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 30 Thys yere [1521] was a man soddyne in a cautherne in Smythfelde..because he wold a poyssynd dyvers persons. 1605Shakes. Macb. iv. i. 11 Double, double, toile and trouble, Fire burne, and Cauldron bubble. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. (1632) 686 Fiue hundred Cawdrons made of beasts skins. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 280 Some steep their Seed, and some in Cauldrons boil. 1725Pope Odyss. xv. 151 These will the caldron, these the tripod give. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. 289 For the poisoners of the soul there was the stake, for the poisoners of the body, the boiling cauldron. 1875B. Taylor Faust I. vi. 100 A great caldron, under which a fire is burning.
fig.1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. (C.D. ed.) 173 Chance contributions that fell into the slow cauldron of their talk. 1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 193 When the great caldron of war is seething.
2. transf.
a. A natural formation suggesting a cauldron, in shape, or by the agitation of a contained fluid.
[1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle iii. x. (1483) 56 This is cleped the Caudron and the pytte of helle.] a1763Shenstone Wks. (1764) I. 23 Vesuvio's horrid cauldrons roar. 1787Burns Fall of Fyers, Still thro' the gap the struggling river toils, And still, below, the horrid caldron boils. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xvii. (1852) 375 Deluges of..lava which have flowed..over the ruins of the great caldrons. 1872Blackie Lays Highl. 9 The cauldron of the sea.
b. cauldron subsidence, in Geol. (see quot. 1961).
1909Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. LXV. 611 A cauldron-subsidence which affected an area roughly oval in shape, and measuring not less than 5 miles from side to side. 1961J. Challinor Dict. Geol. 32/2 Cauldron-subsidence, the subsidence of a cylindrical or conical mass of rock into underlying magma so that displaced magma flows upwards round and over the subsiding mass... The classic examples are those of Ben Nevis and Glen Coe.
▪ II. ˈcauldron, v. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To put or enclose in (or as in) a cauldron.
1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 129 Where..Cauldron'd in rock, innocuous Lava burns. 1808J. Barlow Columb. iii. 252 Dark fiend that..cauldrons in his cave that fiery flood. |