| 释义 |
▪ I. sermon, n.|ˈsɜːmən|
Forms: α. 3–4 sermun, 3–5 sarmun, 3–6 sarmon, sermoun, 4–5 sarmoun(e, sermown(e, 4–6 sermone, 4– sermon. β. 5–6 sermond(e, 6 serment, sarmond, 7 searmond, 8 vulgar sarmant.
[a. AF. sermun = OF. sermon (= Pr. sermo(n, It. sermone, Sp. sermon, Pg. sermão), ad. L. sermōnem, sermo talk, discourse, speech.]
†1. Something that is said; talk, discourse. Obs.
to make sermon: to speak. to make (a) long sermon: to speak at great length.
c1275Serving Christ 53 in O.E. Misc. 92 Þureh his sely sermun sorewe him wes by-þouht. a1300Cursor M. 13245 To þe Iues..In his louing he made sermon. Ibid. 13494 Quat sal i sai yow lang sermun? c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9240 Arme vs swyþe, & go we doun, Wyþoute any more sarmoun! 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 1185 If hit be ueray & soth sermoun. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 40 Withoute more sermone, Thei drouhe handes, as weddynge askethe of rihte. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 177 Thair wes na sermone amang thaim how thair army suld be arrayit. 1592Greene Disput. 16 When any of you come to your confession at Tyborne, what is your last sermon that you make. 15942nd Rep. Faustus in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) III. 404 Desiring Don Infeligo with very mild sermon to be friends with Medesimo again.
†b. In particularized use: A speech, discourse; pl. in collective sense, words, talk. Obs.
αa1300Cursor M. 22219 Sant Paule þus sais in his sarmuns To þe folk of þe tessaluns. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2025 What shuld I langer sermone off it make? c1386― Man of Law's Prol. 87 He..Nolde neuere write in none of his sermons Of swyche vnkynde abomynacions. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys, Agnes 189 The prefect..made hir a sermoun ful of flatery. c1500Kennedy Passion of Christ 1509 Quhilk ar þe sarmonis quhilk ȝe at oþer speir? 1535Coverdale Jer. i. 1 These are the Sermons of Ieremy the sonne of Helchia the prest.
βc1400Destr. Troy 11491 He said in his sermond, þat sothely the grekes Were of pepull & pouer plaintius mony. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxi. 246 It is not nedefull that I sholde make a longe sermonde. 1533Bellenden Livy v. xi. (S.T.S.) II. 186 He ceissit nocht with sic playis, sermondis & exerciciouns..to draw þame.
†c. pl. The satires (sermones) of Horace.
1540Palsgr. Acolastus ii. i. I j, As Horace witnesseth in his .ii. boke of sermons, the .iii. Satyre. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster iii. i, Good Horace..I am for your odes or your sermons, or any thing indeed. 1671H. M. tr. Erasm. Colloq. 438 Again Horace in his Odes... Likewise in his Sermons.
2. A discourse, usually delivered from a pulpit and based upon a text of Scripture, for the purpose of giving religious instruction or exhortation. Phr. to preach, † do, † make, † say a sermon.
αa1200Vices & Virtues 35 He wisseð ðes mannes iðang..oðer ðurh haliȝe writes oðer ðurh hali sermuns. a1225Ancr. R. 312 Weope we, cweð þe holi mon in ‘Uitas Patrum’, þo me hefde longe iȝeied on him efter sarmun. 1340Ayenb. 20 Ine þet þou ne hest..y-hyerd his seruise ne y-zed his benes ne yhyerd sermons. c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 81, I have to day been at youre chirche at messe, And seyd a sermoun after my symple wit. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 1 Here begynnes a Sermon..þe whilke teches how scrifte es to be made. 1474Caxton Chesse 65 He herde in a sermone that deth spareth none. c15111st Eng. Bk. Amer. Introd. (Arb.) 35/1 He comyth bod[i]ly euery yere in his chirche & doth a sermon. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxi. 38 Sermons are not the onely preaching which doth saue soules. 1692T. Watson Body Divinity 342 Which is worse, to stay from a Sermon, or sleep at a Sermon? 1712Addison Spect. No. 269 ⁋5 The Sunday before he had made a most incomparable sermon out of Dr. Barrow. 1828Whately in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 263/1 Sermons not unfrequently prove popular, which consist avowedly and almost exclusively of Exhortation. 1869Arnold Cult. & Anarchy 29 A life of jealousy of the Establishment, disputes, tea meetings, openings of chapels, sermons.
βc1500God spede the Plough 62 Preching dayly Sermondys inough With good Examples full graciously. 1564in Three 15th Cent. Chron. (Camden) 130 Y⊇ Byshope of London went to the pulpyt and prechyd a sermond. 1599in W. Kelly Notices illustr. Drama (1865) 230 [He] further said the preacher was a Liar, for that, in his sermond, he said [etc.].
b. as an institution connected with a particular church or pulpit or particular season.
1479in Eng. Gilds (1870) 426 The Maire and Shiref of Bristowe shall..kepe theire Aduent sermondes. 1550Wriothsley Chron. (1877) II. 40 Allso this yeare the sermons at Whitsontyde was kept at Pawles Crosse. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 57 Thys yere on sent Martyns day begane the sarmond at the crosse agayne. 1646Prynne Canterb. Doome 378 Concerning the Sermon weekly on Wednesday in Saint James Chappell in Brackley. 1765Foote Commiss. i. i, Never misses the sarmant on Sundays.
c. as a written or published work.
1422Yonge Secreta Secret. xxxii. 183, I fynde In a Sermonde writte, that an extorcionere is wors than the deuyll. 1547(title) Certain Sermons, or Homilies, appoynted by the Kynges Maiestie, to be declared and redde, by all Persones. 1657Crooke's Div. Char. To Rdr. A 2 b, Certain select Sermons..licensed by the Vice-chancellor of Oxford, to be printed there. a1721Prior Turtle & Sparrow 193 And Sermons are less read than Tales. 1862J. F. Stephen Def. Rowland Williams 150 In Bishop Horsley's Sermons.
d. without article.
at sermon, after sermon = at, after church.
a1470Gregory Chron. in Hist. Coll. Cit. London (Camden) 239 Whyle men were at sarmonys the Sonday aftyr noon. 1582–8Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 106 Imediatlie he past to the kirk, and..maid sermon as thogh he had done na sic thing. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxii. 49 Those places which euery day for the most part are at sermons as the flowing Sea. 1666Evelyn Diary 4 July, After sermon I waited on my Lord Abp. of Canterbury. 1773A. Grant Lett. Mountains (1809) I. vii. 53 Kilmore, where we heard sermon, is four miles off. 1815Scott Guy M. xi, The young Laird of Hazlewood rides hame half the road wi' her after sermon. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. iv, To march in procession to Notre-Dame, and hear sermon.
e. Applied to the discourses of our Lord and the Apostles.
Sermon on the Mount, the discourse recorded in Matt. v-vii and introduced by the words ‘he went up into a mountain..and taught them, saying’.
c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 31 He hedde i-yne þo newe laghe in one montayne and hedde i-maked þet formeste sarmun þet euerte made in erþe. 1340Ayenb. 138 Oure lord ate biginnynge of his uayre sermon zayþ þet yblyssed byeþ þe poure. c1520Nisbet N.T. in Scots I. 13 The serment of Petir befor the congregratioun at Jerusalem. 1533Gau Richt Vay 82 Quhen he prechit the sueit sermond to thaym apone the montane. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Matt. v. margin, The sermon of Christ vpon the Mount. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxii. 45 Hearers of the Apostles Sermons. 1645Hammond Of Conscience 26 Christs improvements of the Law in the Sermon on the Mount. 1875Manning Mission Holy Ghost xii. 339 The Sermon on the Mount is the law of perfection given to the Christian people of the world. 1897Ch. Times 20 Aug. 186/4 In spite of the Sermon on the Mount, men expect a deanery or a comfortable competency to be the sequel to a life of work for God.
3. transf. and fig.
a. A discourse (spoken or written) on a serious subject, containing instruction or exhortation. Also contemptuously, a long or tedious discourse or harangue.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. i. 186 Making a sermon of continencie to her. 1786Burns Ep. Yng. Friend i, Perhaps it may turn out a Sang; Perhaps, turn out a Sermon. 1816[see lay a. (and n.9) 2]. 1841Thackeray Gt. Hoggarty Diam. xii, And now let's go to business, gentlemen, and excuse this sermon. 1870Dickens E. Drood vii, I will not repay your confidence with a sermon. 1872Calverley Fly Leaves (1903) 62 They do not make their woes the text Of sermons in the Times.
b. Something that affords instruction or example.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. i. 17 Bookes in the running brookes, Sermons in stones. 1700Dryden Char. Gd. Parson 78 His preaching much, but more his practice wrought; (A living sermon of the truths he taught).
4. attrib. and Comb., as sermon book, sermon-head, sermon note, sermon-pamphlet, sermon-style, sermon-time, † sermon while; objective, as sermon-actor, sermon-borrower, sermon-hunter, sermon-hunting, sermon-maker, sermon-monger, sermon-slighter, sermon-taster, sermon-writer; adverbial, as sermon-goer, sermon-proof adj., sermon-shaken † sermon-trodden pa. pples., sermon-wise adv.; sermon-bell, a bell rung to give notice of a sermon; sermon case, a cover for the protection of a sermon in manuscript; sermon class, a class for instruction in preaching sermons; sermon paper, writing paper of foolscap 4to size; † sermon-prayer, a prayer said by the preacher before his sermon; † sermon-sick, temporarily ‘upset’ by the hearing of a sermon; so sermon-sickness; sermon-week Sc., the week passed in preparation for receiving the Sacrament.
1642Milton Apol. Smect. 46 The finicall goosery of your neat *Sermon-actor.
1646Trapp Comm. John i. 41 Do the office of the *sermon-bell at least, we know not what God may there do for them. 1687Churchw. Acc. Pittington, etc. (Surtees) 255 They shall..ring the great bell for the Searmond bell. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 569 Of them not one Shall court our view on the sepulchral stone;..Or keep the sexton from the sermon-bell.
1772Nugent Hist. Fr. Gerund II. 9 He might meet in any *sermon-book, with abundant field to forage in.
1653Walton Angler iv. 106 Which the *Sermon Borrower complained of to the Lender of it.
1853Hodson's Booksellers' Directory Advt., *Sermon Cases, Black Roan, 2s.
1847Carus Life C. Simeon iv. 62 He would..encourage the least hopeful of his *sermon-class by telling them, that with his example before them none need despair.
1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus iii. 578 Hypocrites, dissemblers, holy brethren, *sermon-goers, Puritans.
1647Trapp Comm. Mark i. 15 These were foure of our Saviours *Sermon-heads.
1886H. F. Lester Under two Fig Trees 186 The fashionable *Sermon-hunters.
1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 208 Psalm-singing, *sermon-hunting, ejaculating.
1552Huloet, *Sermon maker, concionator. 1850Thomson Owen's Wks. I. Life p. cvi, No one..will refuse to him the praise of a great sermon-maker.
1673Hickeringill Greg., Fr. Greybeard 231 These modern orthodox-juglers and *sermon-mongers. 1705― Priest-cr. ii. ii. 22, I have found more Honesty [amongst the naked Indians in America]..in one Day, than amongst those Sermon-mongers in a Year.
1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 269 He..had..taken *Sermon notes by his most dextrous and incomparable faculty in short-writing.
1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. II. 69 Latin *Sermon-Pamphlets.
1855Hodson's Booksellers' Directory Advt., Ralph's *Sermon Paper.
1637C. Dow Answ. to Burton 161 If *Sermon-prayers shall bee used as libels.
1624Donne Serm. xlvi. (1640) 466 It is a fearfull obduration to be *Sermon-proofe. 1769Wesley Wks. (1872) III. 367, I am afraid many of them are sermon-proof.
a1656Vines Lord's Supper (1657) 364 Sometimes a man is *Sermon-shaken, and his heart begins to tremble.
1607Hieron Wks. I. 216 Many may be said to be *sermon-sicke, as there are some said to be sea-sick.
a1665J. Goodwin Filled with Spirit (1670) 38 That which some call a *Sermon-sickness, when the Conscience of a man is only troubled..with the dreadful concernment of the things he hears.
1646J. Saltmarsh Groans for Liberty 29 That the Parliament are *Sermon sleighters.
a1704T. Brown Wks. (1711) IV. 191 Let 'em by N―'s *Sermon-Stile refine Their English Prose.
1709Female Tatler No. 7/3 A Sett o' Gentlemen..that are call'd *Sermon-Tasters, they peep in at twenty different Churches in a Service.
1534Chron. in Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 163, & þer stod on a skaffold, all þe *sermond tyme, þe holy maid of Kent. 1749Fielding Tom Jones viii. xii, A set of wicked wretches, who were at play during Sermon-time. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair ix, He always took his nap during sermon-time.
1647Trapp Comm. Matt. xiii. 19 People are now so *Sermon-trodden..that their hearts..grow hard by the Word.
1794Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) I. 223 This being *sermon week..we are looking very religious and very sour at home.
1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. iv. 546 On which date in the *Sermon while.
1646Prynne Canterb. Doome 378 That it was a Catechizing *Sermon-wise, and as bad as preaching. 1796C. Smith Marchmont IV. 423 The first head of his argument, which he divided sermon-wise.
1788V. Knox Winter Even. (1790) I. xxxviii. 329 The quaintness of the old *sermon writers.
▪ II. sermon, v. rare in mod. use.|ˈsɜːmən|
Also 3 sarmoni, sermonye, 4–5 sar-, sermone, -oun, -un, 5 sermowne.
[a. AF. sarmuner = OF. sermouner (mod.F. sermonner), f. sermon (see prec.). In mod. use a new formation on sermon n.]
1. trans. To preach to (a person). lit. and fig.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 81 Þis monne me mei sermonen mid godes worde. Ibid., Þes ilke Mon is strong to sermonen. 1607Shakes. Timon ii. ii. 181 Come sermon me no further.
1863R. F. Burton W. Africa II. 185 He once..gathered energy to sermon me upon the subject of over-curiosity.
2. intr.
†a. To preach (of a thing).
c1275Sinners Beware 161 in O.E. Misc. 77 Þeos prude leuedies..Nulleþ here sermonye Of none gode þinge. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 466/158 Crist hire hauede a-boute i-sent to sarmoni and to preche. a1300Cursor M. 19320 ‘Þe men þat yee did in prisun’, He said, ‘in temple þai sermon’. [a1300–1657: see sermoning vbl. n.]
b. To preach (at a person).
1819Keats King Stephen i. iv. 16, I would be..Spoken to in clear, plain, and open terms, Not side-ways sermon'd at.
†3. intr. To speak (of a thing). Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 18666 Wit þam he lenged fourti dais, And sermond..Of heuen blis. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6955 Seynt Ihon to Troyle bygan to sermun with ensamples of gode resun. c1386Chaucer Pard. T. 551 What nedeth it to sermone of it more? c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. xciii. (1869) 109 Whan þe olde hadde þus spoken, and sermowned of hire craft. c1440York Myst. xxx. 302 And Þerfore sermones you no more. 1586J. Hooker Descr. Irel. 28 in Holinshed, You sermon to vs of a dungeon appointed for offendors and miscredents. 1606S. Gardiner Bk. Angling 25 And when Saul came himselfe, hee sermoned in such sort.
†4. trans. To speak, utter, declare. Obs.
1382Wyclif Wisdom viii. 12 And me sermounende manye thingis [orig. me sermocinante]. 1590Spenser F.Q., Let. to Raleigh, Good discipline deliuered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at large. |