| 释义 |
▪ I. sequence, n.|ˈsiːkwəns|
Also 4–6 sequens.
[ad. late L. sequentia, f. sequent-em, pres. pple. of sequī to follow: see sequent a. and -ence. Cf. OF. sequence (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), F. séquence, Sp. secuencia, Pg. sequencia, It. seguenza.
Orig. introduced (perh. through OF.) in the eccl. Latin sense (7 below). In this use sequentia was a transl. of eccl. Gr. ἀκολουθία, which denoted a neume or prolonged succession of notes sung on the last syllable of the Alleluia. When the Alleluia was adopted in the Western ritual, this neume was retained, but it became usual to sing it to a separate form of words, to which the name sequentia was transferred.
In its primary use the word first appears late in the 16th c.]
I. Succession, following.
1. a. The fact of following after or succeeding; the following of one thing after another in succession; an instance of this.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 199 For how art thou a King But by faire sequence and succession? 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. ii. §2 For as in Man, the ripenesse of strength of the bodie and minde commeth much about an age..; So in States, Armes and Learning..haue a concurrence or nere sequence in times. 1644Bulwer Chirol. 138 The ancient form of absolution..may be also exhibited by one Hand laid in sequence of the other; or both conjoyned and held above the head. a1656Bp. Hall Serm. Ps. cviii. 34 Wks. 1808 V. 240 What should I instance in that, whereof..the whole world is full: the inevitable sequences of sin and punishment? 1833Chalmers Const. Man (1835) II. ii. i. 143 The constancy of nature's Sequences. 1843Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (1846) 6 If..we regard causation as invariable sequence, we can find no case in which a given antecedent is the only antecedent to a given sequent. 1843Mill Logic i. v. §6. 139 Instead of Coexistence and Sequence, we shall sometimes say, for greater particularity, Order in Place, and Order in Time. 1862Spencer First Princ. ii. iii. §47 (1867) 163 Relations of which the terms are not reversible become recognized as sequences proper; while relations of which the terms occur indifferently in both directions, become recognized as co-existences. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xvi. (1878) 330 Now I must report another occurrence in regular sequence. 1884[Laurie] Metaph. Nova & Vet. 115 There are fixed in his associative memory certain sequences as always occurring.
†b. in sequence of: in pursuance or consequence of. Obs.
a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1649) 262 The Cardinall..having read them, deliver'd immediatly the Great Seale; In sequence thereof, also submitting himself to the King. Ibid. 378 In sequence whereof, on the twelfth of March following..the Bishop..returned the Protestants this answer. Ibid. 394 France, where in sequence of a Protestation..to attend the French King..he resolved to march.
c. in sequence: one after another.
1575Gascoigne Posies, Weeds (1907) I. 463 Davids salutacions to Berzabe wherein are three sonets in sequence, written uppon this occation. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. i. 37 Ti. Why lifts she vp her armes in sequence thus? Mar. I thinke she meanes that ther was more than one Confederate in the fact. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II.) 113 Fortune hath robbed me of it, for feare I should..have two pleasures in sequence. 1823Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 20 The others were to be called upon in sequence. 1824Landor Imag. Conv., Johnson & Horne Tooke Wks. 1853 I. 160/2 You will wonder at finding both a hexameter and pentameter, and in sequence.
2. a. Order of succession.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1595) 4 Whereof the first in sequence which I will deliuer vnto you..shall be in the state coniecturall. 1607Shakes. Timon v. i. 211 Tell Athens, in the sequence of degree, From high to low throughout. a1631Donne Lett. (1651) 60, I doubt..not that I writing in my dungeon of Michim without dating, have made the Chronologie and sequence of my Letters perplexed to you. 1657Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 111 Wherein without any consideration of the sequence of time..the holy Doctrine, Deeds and Miracles of our Lord are the chief matters of our meditations. 1833C. A. Bowles in Southey Corr. (1881) 277 Admiration, disappointment, and disgust has been, I think, the sequence of feeling with which I have read them. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. xix. 364 Works..arranged in chronological sequence. 1867W. W. Smyth Coal & Coal-mining 20 The annexed table exhibits the natural sequence where all the strata are developed. 1873Spencer Stud. Sociol. ii. 45 He asserts that there is a natural sequence among social actions. 1875Fortnum Maiolica iii. 24 The next example, two years later, in sequence of date.
b. Gram. Chiefly in sequence of tenses, the manner in which the tense of a subordinate clause depends on that of the principal clause. Cf. consecution 2 b.
1848J. T. White Xenophon's Anab. i. viii. §15 (1872) Notes 72 What is in Latin the sequence of tenses is in Greek the sequence of moods. 1891Sonnenschein Plautus' Rudens 91 The sequence of tenses hic dico..qui adornaret ut faciat is Plautine. 1892L. Kellner Hist. Outl. Eng. Syntax §371 Sequence of Tenses (‘consecutio temporum’). Principal tenses depend on principal tenses; historical on historical.
c. Biochem. The order of the constituent nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule or of the amino-acids in a polypeptide or protein molecule.
1959Arch. Biochem. & Biophysics LXXXV. 290 The sequence of these trinucleotides was determined by digestion with semen monoesterase followed by snake venom diesterase with the resulting formation of a purine nucleoside, a purine nucletide (Pu), and a pyrimidine nucleotide (Py). 1965Science 19 Mar. 1462/1 During protein synthesis, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain is determined by the interaction of a messenger RNA with transfer RNA's specific for a given amino acid. 1970Biochem. Jrnl. CXVIII. 831/1 The recent determination of partial sequences at the cohesive ends of DNA from bacteriophage λ..is an excellent example of the application of repair reactions with DNA polymerase..to nucleotide sequence studies. 1977Sci. Amer. Dec. 55/1 The complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA of a small bacterial virus, ϕΧ174, has been established.
3. a. A continuous or connected series (of things).
In 16th c. examples there is sometimes an allusion to the specific sense 4.
1575Gascoigne Posies, Flowers (1907) I. 85 Of such our patrone here, The viscont Mountacute, Hath many comely sequences, well sorted all in sute. Ibid., Weeds I. 463 In the beginning of the booke [he] wrote this sequence. 1589Pappe w. Hatchet E iij, I haue manie sequences of Saints. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. vii. §8. 35 b, In this sequence of sixe Princes, we doe see the blessed effects of Learning in soueraigntie. 1616I. T. A,B,C, of Armes C 4, A perfect File is a sequence of men standing one behinde another. 1656Blount Glossogr., Sequences, answering Verses, or Verses that answer one another sequentially; [1661 adds] things that follow one another in order. a1668R. Lassels Voy. Italy (1670) II. 183 This is one of the noblest palaces in Rome for..the rare sequens of chambers, one going into the other. 1823Scott Peveril xii, Then came a long sequence of reflections. 1829Carlyle Voltaire Misc. 1840 II. 102 Neither is that sequence which we love to speak of as ‘a chain of causes’, properly to be figured as a ‘chain’. 1881Daily Tel. 27 Dec. [The] orchestra struck up a sequence of patriotic and loyal airs.
b. Mus. (See quots.)
1752tr. Rameau's Treat. Mus. 85 A Sequence, or Succession of Harmony, is nothing else but a Link or Chain of Keys and Governing-notes. 1838G. F. Graham Mus. Comp. 22/2 Sequences or chains of sevenths. 1867MacFarren Harmony (1892) 57 A Sequence, in the strict style, is the repetition of a melodic or harmonic progression at a higher or lower part of the scale, without a change of key.
c. Math. (a) A succession of natural numbers in order. rare.
1882Sylvester in Amer. Jrnl. Math. V. 291.
(b) An endless succession of numerical quantities corresponding one to one with the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., in order.
1910Sheppard Algebra in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 11) I. 611/2.
(c) spec. (See quot.)
1911G. B. Mathews Number in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 11) XIX. 850/1 A sequence is an unlimited succession of rational numbers a1, a2, a3{ddd}am, am+1{ddd}(in order-type w) the elements of which can be assigned by a definite rule, such that when any rational number ε, however small, has been fixed, it is possible to find an integer m, so that for all positive integral values of n the absolute value of (am+n - am) is less than ε.
d. Cinematogr. and Television. A passage consisting of several shots unified about a single theme or event.
1929Morning Post 24 May 12/7 Until recently, in all talking sequences, the actor has been compelled to be static. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! iv. 262 A famous sequence in the silent film Mother. 1941B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? vi. 125 He stayed up..reading one screen play after another... The plan was for him and Sammy to write alternate sequences. 1958Daily Mail 19 July 8/8 Parody of a French film sequence set in a sleezy bistro. 1976D. Clark Dread & Water v. 105 He's got a movie shot of Silk climbing that mountain... The sequence is just one of Silk climbing.
e. Geol. (a) An ordered succession, esp. of strata in conformity.
1931Gregory & Barrett General Stratigr. vi. 96 The fullest Russian sequence is in the Urals, where the Lower Devonian consists of marine slates, quartzites, and occasional limestones. 1975A. E. Ringwood Composition & Petrology of Earth's Mantle vii. 243 In estimating the abundance of andesitic volcanism in Precambrian shield sequences, allowance should be made for the andesitic component of associated geosynclinal sediments.
(b) In various specific usages (see quots.)
1933R. C. Moore Hist. Geol. v. 54 No designation for the rocks of an era is in common use. The term ‘sequence’ will be used in this book. 1949L. L. Sloss et al. in Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer. No. 39. 110 The writers term the assemblages of strata separated by the above-described objective horizons ‘sequences’. Sequences should be considered as rock units, assemblages of formations and groups. 1962Silberling & Roberts in Geol. Soc. Amer. Special Paper No. 72. 6 A different kind of subdivision..is required in northwestern Nevada for the upper Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic rocks. The subdivisions adopted are lithologically and geographically discrete units of major rank termed ‘sequences’ that are set apart from underlying or overlying sequences by unconformities.
4. a. Cards. A group of three or more cards of the same suit following in numerical order; a ‘run’. Phrase, in sequence. In Poker: see quot. 1882.
1575Gascoigne Posies (1907) I. 392 Untill she had..turned over and retossed every card in this sequence. 1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., A Sequence at Cards, is three of a sort that answer or follow one another, in number or degree. 1680Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 59 Picket... A Quart is a sequence of four Cards, a Quint of five, a Sixism of six, &c. These Sequences take their denomination from the highest Card in the Sequence. 1746Hoyle Whist (ed. 6) 13 A Sequence of King, Queen, and Knave. 1784Cowper Task i. 475 To divide and sort, Her mingled suits and sequences. 1816Singer Hist. Cards 239 If a king is played, and you have not the queen to form a sequence, you play the fool. 1868Pardon Card Player 20 It is not necessary that the cards of a sequence should be played in consecutive order. 1869Browning Ring & Bk. xi. 1601, I called king, Queen and knave in a sequence, and cards came, All three, three only! 1882Rules of Poker 13 A Sequence Flush. Which is a sequence of five cards and all of the same suit. Ibid. 14 A Sequence. Which is all five cards not of the same suit but all in sequence. 1883Longm. Mag. Sept. 499 All the cards in the hand being in sequence.
†b. ‘A certaine game that standeth much on sequences’ (Cotgr.). Obs.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xxii, There he played..At post and paire, or even and sequence..At the sequences.
5. Something that follows.
a. A logical consequence; also † an inference, conclusion.
1613Day Dyall viii. (1614) 207 Vpon which Confession if you please you may make these sequences: First what is the right and interest of Princes in matters Ecclesiasticall: Secondly, that [etc.]. 1861J. G. Holland Less. Life xi. 158 The logical sequence of disbelief in what Mr. Emerson calls a ‘pistareen Providence’ is a belief in pantheism or polytheism.
b. A subsequent event; sometimes contextually, a consequent event, a result.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxvi. (1856) 325, I am, I fear, heterodox..as to the direct action of remedies, and rarely allow myself to claim a sequence as a result. 1858Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. 35 The Chinese felony and its Indian sequences. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola ii. iv, A movement which was but a small sequence of her energetic resolution. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 9 Maritime commerce was the natural sequence to that along the courses of rivers.
†c. Event, end, issue, sequel. Obs.
1600Surflet Country Farm iii. lxxxiii. 621 You must see to the ordering and continuing of your fire,..euermore carefully looking vnto the sequence [orig. F. l'euenement] and successe of the worke. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1649) 402 They might afterwards repent their neglect of so great an offer, so it prov'd true, as by the sequence will appear.
6. The quality of being sequent; the fact of following as a logical inference or as a necessary result; orderly connexion between successive events or the successive parts of an argument or discourse; continuity, consecutiveness.
1828Carlyle Goethe Misc. 1840 I. 263 These two classes of works stand..at first view, in strong contradiction, yet in truth, connected together by the strictest sequence. 1831― Sart. Res. i. iv, In this remarkable Volume, it is true,..[there is] a certain show of outward method; but of true logical method and sequence there is too little. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iii. xlviii. 180 A series of contemporaneous utterances,..with no shape or sequence, no method or coherence. a1854H. Reed Lect. Eng. Hist. ix. (1855) 282 As to the sequence, the connection of one with another, it is utter darkness. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt ix, With strange sequence to all that rapid tumult after a few moments' silence she said [etc.]. 1870Dickens E. Drood i, When any distinct word has been flung into the air, it has had no sense or sequence. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiv. 378 Whatever we say of his premisses, his conclusions follow from them with a sequence which cannot be gainsayed. 1908R. Bagot A. Cuthbert xx. 249 No; every link was complete, every combination of circumstances crushing in its logical and cruel sequence.
II.
7. Eccl. a. A composition in rhythmical prose or accentual metre said or sung, in the Western Church, after the Alleluia and before the Gospel. Sometimes called a prose: see prose n. 2.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 501 Þis is that Robart that made that sequence of the Holy Goost; Sancti spiritus assit nobis gratia. a1400Leg. Rood. App. 218 Þer clerkis synge her sequens. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (E.E.T.S.) 15 That gloryous hevenly queene..In whoos worshepe this sequence as I mene In hire feestys is songen. c1440Alphabet of Tales 77 When þai war att þe laste end of þe sequens & had songen þis vers; ‘hunc diem gloriosum fecisti’. c1449[see prose n. 2]. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 430/4 Duryng that tyme men saye noo sequence for the sequence sygnefyeth joye and consolacyon. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge ii. 1689 Playnly declaryng..What..excellence Our sauiour shewed for his spouse openly, As is rehersed at masse in her sequens. 1563Homilies ii. ii. Agst. Peril of Idol. iii. (1623) 48 All our Legends, Hymnes, Sequenses, and Masses, did conteine Stories, Laudes, and Prayses of them [sc. the Saints]. 1725J. Lewis Life Pecock (1744) 158 The tropery.., a book of sequences. 1853Rock Ch. of Fathers III. ii. xi. 21 This drawing out of the notation for the Alleluia, they called the ‘sequence’... On all lower feast days the sequence, that is, the gradual Alleluia..was sung. 18..Alleluiatic sequence [see alleluiatic a.]. 1881Ld. Selborne in Encycl. Brit. XII. 583/2 The ‘Golden Sequence’, ‘Veni, sancte Spiritus’ (‘Holy Spirit, Lord of Light’) is an early example of the transition of sequences from a simply rhythmical to a metrical form. 1903C. E. Osborne Life Dolling xxiv. (1905) 229 The sequence was that usual at the burial of the dead in Western Christendom, the Dies Iræ.
†b. A sequencer or sequence-book. Obs. rare—1.
1500in Wordsw. & Littlehales Old Service-bks. (1904) 211 A boke of expownations and a sequens, both notyd.
c. sequence book: a sequencer.
1862Bp. Forbes in Ecclesiologist XXIII. 35 The Sarum Tropers, or Sequence books.
III. 8. attrib. and Comb., as sequence control Computing, a method of controlling the execution of distinct operations in a defined order; so sequence-controlled ppl. a.; sequence dancing (see quot. 1949); also sequence dance; sequence date Archæol., a relative chronological date based upon comparison of a series of objects from an archæological site; hence sequence dating; sequence shot Cinematogr. (see quot. 1973); sequence space Math., a space whose points are sequences.
1946Electr. Engin. LXV. 387 (caption) Front view of calculator showing *sequence control mechanism.., which tells machine what to do and when to do it. 1962Sequence control [see control register s.v. control n. 5]. 1964C. Dent Quantity Surveying by Computer iii. 24 Control is..directed to address No. 2 in the memory store for its next instruction, and so on, in numerical sequence. This mode of operation is called ‘Automatic Sequence Control’.
1946Ann. Computation Lab. Harvard Univ. I. p. ix, In May 1944, the Staff of the Computation Project began operations with the Automatic *Sequence Controlled Calculator as an activity of the Bureau of Ships. 1950W. W. Stiffler High-Speed Computing Devices v. 63 An automatic sequence-controlled calculator is a computing machine into which such a [sequencing] mechanism is built.
1927Melody Maker Sept. 865/2 They are to a great extent *sequence dances and based on what many consider to be old-fashioned steps and movements. 1978Abingdon Herald 12 Jan. 1/9 The Wootton and Dry Sandford Sequence Dance Club.
1940A. H. Franks Ballroom Dancer's Handbk. 109 *Sequence dancing really has no place in the art of modern ballroom dancing and such dances are regarded as novelties. 1949A. Chujoy Dance Encycl. 424/2 Sequence Dancing, a term used in England to describe those ballroom dances in which the steps have to be taken in a certain definite order, as a consequence of which all couples are always making the same movement at one time. 1980Radio Times 29 Nov.–5 Dec. 86/3 This is Sequence Dancing... When one lady twirls 200 other ladies twirl.
1901*Sequence date [see S.D. s.v. S 4 a]. 1920W. M. F. Petrie Prehist. Egypt ii. 4 For permanent reference the whole 900 graves, when placed in their most probable order or sequence, were divided in 51 equal sections, and these were numbered 30 to 80, and such numbers termed Sequence Dates, marked as S.D.
1923T. E. Peet in Cambr. Anc. Hist. I. vi. 247 Petrie, at Diospolis Parva, invented the now famous system of ‘Sequence Dating’. 1958L. Cottrell Anvil of Civilisation ii. 39 He [sc. Petrie] invented the system which we call ‘sequence dating’ which..enables archaeologists to establish the comparative age of a site by the type of pottery found on it, even when it lies below the ‘historical horizon’.
1973S. Heath in Screen Spring/Summer 114 A *sequence-shot, a whole scene in one shot (e.g. autonomous segment 17 of Adieu Philippine showing Michel, the hero, and his friend Daniel working in the TV studio). 1974M. Taylor tr. Metz's Film Lang. iii. 42 There was Jean Renoir with his many statements in favor of the sequence shot.
1940H. S. Allen in Proc. London Math. Soc. XLVIII. 310 A set S of sequences containing the origin and such that for every x and y in S and every number r, x + y and rx are in S is called a *sequence space. 1968G. Ludwig Wave Mech. i. iii. 37 The formulation of a matrix in diagonal form and the solution of the eigenvalue problem are therefore equivalent problems, the first being defined only in the sequence space.
▪ II. sequence, v.|ˈsiːkwəns|
[f. the n.]
1. trans. To arrange in a definite sequence or order.
1954Computers & Automation Dec. 20/2 Sequence,..to select A if A is greater than or equal to B, and select B if A is less than B, or some variation of this operation. 1965J. S. Bruner in Beyond Information Given (1974) xxv. 442 We..closed our eyes to the pedagogic problem of how to represent knowledge, how to sequence it in a form appropriate to young learners. 1974M. B. Brown Economics of Imperialism ix. 226 Countries can be sequenced as markets for different products according to their standards of consumption. 1976Daily Tel. 12 Aug. 2/3 To get the maximum use out of Heathrow's two main runways aircraft are carefully ‘sequenced’ from the four reporting points that serve the airport.
2. Biochem. To ascertain the sequence of monomers in (a biological polymer such as a polypeptide or a nucleic acid).
1970S. Blackburn Protein Sequence Determination xx. 274 The future should see the increasing use of methods able to sequence very large molecules. 1977Sci. Amer. Dec. 67/2 Now that DNA can be sequenced readily and rapidly we can expect that in the next few years the precise composition of many DNA's will be established.
Hence ˈsequenced ppl. a., ˈsequencing vbl. n.
1961P. Siegel Understanding Digital Computers xv. 329 A sequencing unit to be used with a drum memory and a two-address instruction is shown. 1970Nature 14 Mar. 1026/2 Data..on the patterns of change in amino⁓acid substitutions in all the completely sequenced proteins show anything but a random pattern of substitution. 1971Archivum Linguisticum II. 139 The realization rules accept as input specific pairs of such feature-sets and render them as sequenced strings of morphemes which are, in surface structure, simple NPs. 1977Sci. Amer. Dec. 56/2 The smallest DNA molecules, those of certain viruses, are perhaps 70 times longer than the 75-nucleotide transfer-RNA molecules that were the subject of early RNA sequencing. |