| 释义 |
▪ I. cash, n.1|kæʃ|
[ad. F. casse ‘a box, case, chest, to carrie or kepe wares in, also a Marchants cash or counter’ (Cotgr.), or its source It. cassa ‘a chest,..also, a merchants cashe or counter’ (Florio 1598):—L. capsa coffer, case. Mod.F. has caisse, Sp. caxa, Pg. caixa: the phonetic history of the Eng. word is not clear; the earliest known instances have cash; the sense ‘money’ also occurs notably early, seeing that it is not in the other langs.]
†1.
a. A chest or box for money; a cash-box, till.
1595Drake Voy. 12 The inhabitants havinge intelligence of our cominge, had..hid theyr treasure in casshes. 1598Florio [see etym.]. 1611Cotgr., A Marchants cash, or counter. a1617Winwood Memorials III. 281 (T.) 20,000l. are known to be in her cash. 1673Temple United Prov. ii. (R.) This bank is properly a general cash, where every man lodges his mony. a1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. xli. 342 They had..emptied their own Cashes and Coffers of..Coin. a1734North Lives III. 387 He always carried a cash on purpose for them [the beggars].
†b. A sum of money. Obs.
1677A. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 20 As the Land and Personal Security is at this day, no living man..can take a great Cash into his hands, and pay six in the hundred for it. 1707C. N. Poem on Union 19 A flowing Cash, an Universal Trade. 1715Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 327 There was a considerable cash in his hands, partly for the pay of his men. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 372 No merchant thinks it necessary to keep by him any considerable cash.
2. Money; in the form of coin, ready money.
a. Formerly in literary and general use; but now only commercial (see b), or consciously used as a sort of commercial slang.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden 106 He put his hand in his pocket but..not to pluck out anie cash. 1661Needham Hist. Eng. Rebellion 48 For a twelve months cash. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 188. 1686 Burnet Trav. ii. (1750) 95 There was great store of Cash and many Jewels in the House. 1724Swift Drapier's Lett. Wks. 1755 V. ii. 55 Very near as much as the current cash of the kingdom in those days. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xlv. 149 Bees-wax is the current Cash in that Country. 1782F. Burney Cecilia ii. iii. (1783) 187 Where's the cash? who's to pay the piper? 1788Priestley Lect. Hist. iii. xv. 124 The quantity of circulating cash in different nations. 1810Sir A. Boswell Edinburgh 155 Those who have cash, come here to spend. 1858Greener Gunnery 231 Let but some individual, with the head and the cash, try the experiment.
b. As a term of banking and commerce, used to signify, in its strictest sense, specie; also, less strictly, bank-notes which can at once be converted into specie, and are therefore taken as ‘cash’, in opposition to bills or other securities. Also in the phrases hard cash, ready cash, cash in hand. cash on delivery: applied to the forwarding of goods to order, payment being made to the carrier or postman when the goods are delivered. Abbreviated C.O.D.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, ii. i. 120 Nym. I shall haue my Noble? Pist. In cash, most iustly payd. 1641Jrnls. Ho. Commons II. 235 Three hundred Pounds ready Cash. 1696Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 100 Only bills or notes, and not cash. 1753Scots Mag. Oct. 512/1 He had then but little cash in hand. 1782T. Pickering in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) III. 512 These notes are not received there as cash, but only as pledges. 1817Parl. Debates 1528 On and after the 1st October next, the Bank will be ready to pay cash for their notes of every description, dated prior to the 1st Jan. 1817. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville (1849) 38 He required hard cash in return for some corn. 1851Illustr. London News 11 Oct. 442/2 One Sydney merchant has sold one ton of flour..for {pstlg}70, cash on delivery. 1852McCulloch Comm. Dict., Cash, in commerce, means the ready money, bills, drafts, bonds, and all immediately negotiable paper in an individual's possession. 1885Manch. Exam. 21 July 5/2 To pay down the price in ready cash. 1904Daily Chron. 13 Apr. 6/3 The cash-on-delivery system of transmitting goods by parcel post.
fig.1715Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 266 He had the most learning in ready cash of any he ever knew.
†c. Minted coin, current coin. Obs.
1614T. Adams Devil's Banq. 205 To buy leaden trash, with golden cash. 1691Locke Money Wks. 1727 II. 92 The current Cash being..computed..to want half its Standard Weight. ― Lower. Interest 93 Clipping had left none but light running cash. 1708Motteux Rabelais v. xv. (1737) 60 A few cropt Pieces of White Cash.
d. It is also the regular term for ‘money’ in Book-keeping. See cash account in 3.
1651in Index Royalists (Index Soc.) 18 The said treasurers or their clerk of the cash. 1875Poste Gaius iii. §131 The entry of a person as debtor to cash does not constitute an obligation, but is evidence of an obligation.
e. Phrases. out of cash, in cash.
1593Peele Edw. I (1830) 57 Now the Friar is out of cash five nobles, God knows how he shall come into cash again. 1609Rowlands Doctor Merrie-m. 23 If once I doe begin perceiue That out of cash they bee. 1752W. Stewart in Scots Mag. (1753) Sept. 445/2 He was not in cash, and could not send the five pounds. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 157 With his credit when he is out of cash. 1848Thackeray Snobs xxxvi. He bets..freely when he is in cash.
f. cash down (down adv. 12): ready money. orig. U.S.
[1722P. Lloyd Let. 28 July in Maryland Hist. Soc. Publication (1894) XXXIV. 31 A Reserve was made of Allmost all the Lands upon the Western shore, for the Value of {pstlg}120 Cash pd downe.] 1800Green's Impartial Observer I. 29 Nov. 4 (Advt.), I have for sale..a few Negroes, for Cotton or Cash down. 1817Cummings & Hilliard Let. 22 July in Proc. Amer. Antiq. Soc. 1938 (1939) XLVIII. 38 We now address you to ascertain on what terms you would sell us six terrestrial, & one celestial globe, that is—for what each, cash down. 1855Haliburton Nat. & Hum. Nat. II. 111 What's the price..cash down on the nail? 1907I. Zangwill Ghetto Comedies 238 You should have made it a rule—cash down.
g. cash and carry, a system whereby the purchaser pays cash for goods and takes them away himself. Usu. attrib. Also ellipt., a shop or supermarket operating on this system. spec. used with reference to purchases of arms from the U.S. in the period immediately before 1941. Also, cash and carry away. orig. U.S.
1917Ladies' Home Jrnl. July 27/3, I would recommend to every woman that you follow the ‘cash and carry’ plan of buying in preference to the ‘credit and delivery’ plan. 1921Dialect Notes V. 112. 1922 S. Lewis Babbitt iv. 54 One of those cash-and-carry chain stores. 1927Mag. of Business July 35/1, I located my store in a veritable nest of ‘cash and carries’. 1930Economist 24 May 1178/2 Marks and Spencer, being a ‘cash and carry’ concern, is liquid in every respect. 1937Ann. Reg. 1936 294 The President should be given some measure of discretion to permit, say, the victims of aggression to buy, pay for, and transport at their own risk such supplies, not actually munitions of war, which they might need. This policy was described by its proponents as the ‘cash and carry’ policy. 1940Ann. Reg. 1939 308 It [sc. a Bill of U.S. Senate] permitted the country to sell arms to belligerents on a ‘cash-and-carry’ basis. 1962H. E. Beecheno Introd. Bus. Stud. xi. 101 These [discount] shops restrict themselves to selling goods on a cash-and-carry-away basis. 1970Times 16 Mar. 15 The number of cash and carries has grown from 398 in 1967 to 610 at the end of the year.
3. a. attrib. and Comb., as cash-box, cash-chest, cash-girl, cash-remittance; cash-account (see quot. 1852); cash-book, in Book-keeping, a book in which is entered a record of cash paid and received; cash-boy, in large shops, a boy who carries the money received by the salesman from a customer to the cashier, and brings back the change; cashcard, a card [card n.2 6 h] issued by a bank, etc., to a depositor, which allows money to be drawn from a cash-dispensing machine; cash carrier U.S., a device employed in shops by which money is carried in a receptacle running on a line between the cash-desk and the several counters; cash-credit (see quot. 1864); cash-crop (orig. U.S.), a crop cultivated primarily for its commercial value (opp. to one for subsistence, etc.); hence cash-cropping vbl. n. and (as a back-formation) cash-crop v.; cash desk: in a shop, restaurant, etc., a desk or counter at which the customer pays; cash dispenser, an automatic machine from which bank (building society, etc.) customers may withdraw cash, esp. from a current account; = automated teller machine s.v. automated ppl. a.; cash flow, the flow of money, as receipts and payments into and out of a business, esp. considered as a measure of liquidity or profitability; spec. (N. Amer.) the net income of a company plus allowances for depreciation, etc.; † cash-house, a counting-house; cash-keeper, one who has charge of cash, a treasurer, a cashier; cash-nexus, a relationship constituted by, and usu. consisting solely in, monetary transactions; also attrib.; cash-payment, payment in ready money, spec. the payment of cash for government paper money or bank-notes; cashpoint = cash dispenser above; freq. attrib.; cash-price, the price at which an article is sold for ready money; cash register orig. U.S., a till for recording and adding the amounts put into it; cash-sale, a sale for ready money; cash-store U.S., a store in which credit is not given; cash-value, the value in cash; spec. in Insurance (in full cash surrender value), the value of a policy, etc., cashed before it matures; fig. (Philos.), the empirical content of a concept, word, or proposition; † cash-weight (see quot.).
1768J. Wedgwood Let. 13 June (1965) 65 Your *Cash Account is much wanted. 1786Burns Poems 88, I might, bythis, hae..strutted in a Bank and clarket My Cash-Account. 1852McCulloch Comm. Dict., Cash account, in book-keeping, an account to which nothing but cash is carried on the one hand, and from which all the disbursements of the concern are drawn on the other... Cash account, in banking, is the name given to the account of the advances made by a banker in Scotland, to an individual who has given security for their repayment. 1954T. S. Eliot Confid. Clerk ii. 59 Claude has just accepted me like a debit item Always in his cash account.
1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 371 To keepe an orderly *Cash Booke of all the moneys receiued and payed out. 1875Poste Gaius iii. 410 The Roman account-book, he supposes, was essentially a Cash-book.
1834Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. III. 149/1 Tills, or *cash-boxes in counters, are now..banished from the higher class of the trading community in London. 1864Skeat Uhland's Poems 85 That on the cash-box watchful sits.
1967Bankers' Mag. CCIV. 274/2 Following ‘Barclaycash’..and the Westminster's ‘cash dispenser service’..the National Provincial has started up its ‘*cash cards’ dispenser—like the others good for {pstlg}10 when inserted into a machine located outside a branch. 1969Times 1 Apr. 6/2 (Advt.), Go to a branch with a cash dispenser in the wall. You pop in your cashcard. Tap out your number. And the money's yours. 1984Business Rev. Weekly 14 Apr. 96/2 The building societies' card..gives access to about 250 cashcard ATMs throughout Australia.
1889Century Dict., *Cash-carrier. 1903G. Ade In Babel 18 He had thought out an overhead cash-carrier of the kind used in retail stores.
1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V, ccxcviii, *Cash-catchers is a Trade to ravish Clownes.
1719W. Wood Surv. Trade 335 It [money] must lie dead in the *Cash-Chest.
1832Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. I. 186/1 It is now a hundred and three years since the first *cash credit was instituted. 1866Crump Banking iii. 76 Over⁓drawn accounts, or, as they are sometimes called, ‘cash-credits’.
1869Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1868 18 Wheat is a *cash crop, and demands a small outlay of labor. 1934F. R. Irvine Text-bk. W. Afr. Agric. p. vii, (heading) Cash Crops. 1937Geogr. Jrnl. XC. 75 This grafting of cash-crop production on subsistence agriculture in tribal communities. 1942Rep. Comm. Land Utilisation in Rural Areas 5 Cash crops are crops sold directly off the farm, as opposed to those used on the farm. 1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Apr. 365/2 Peas and potatoes also play an important part in the cash-cropping programme. 1957M. Gluckman in V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity p. xiii, The development of wage-earning and cash-cropping. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 91/1 Try to reduce the acreage per cow to 1½ and cash-crop what you save.
1879Birmingh. Weekly Post 8 Feb. 1/4 The same discount that most tradesmen will gladly allow to a *cash customer.
1904A. Bennett Jrnl. 14 July (1932) I. 187 One café..was open. The stout lady in the *cash-desk seemed just as usual. 1962E. Godfrey Retail Selling & Organization ix. 86 In some shops customers are asked to take the money to the cash desk and return to the counter to collect the parcel. 1983Financial Times 11 Apr. iii. p. xi, They are linked throughout the operation—from goods received through to despatch or the trade buyer at the cash desk.
1967Banker Apr. 351/1 (caption) Chubb's *cash dispenser. 1984Financial Times 5 June iv. p. v, Nixdorf..is the biggest supplier to the European banking market (of cash dispensers, automatic teller systems and the like).
1954Harvard Business Rev. Jan.–Feb. 128/1 ‘Discounted *cash flow’..computes rate of return as the maximum interest rate which could be paid on the capital tied up over the life of the investment without dipping into earnings produced elsewhere in the company. Ibid. 128/2 The mechanics of the cash-flow method consist essentially of finding the interest rate that discounts future earnings of a project down to a present value equal to the project cost. 1964Financial Times 12 Mar. 10/4 Our gross cash flow from operations has increased considerably, to $3,293,600 or $2.48 per share, as against $2.22 the previous year. 1975J. De Bres tr. Mandel's Late Capitalism vii. 230 Financial analysts now increasingly employ the concept of cash-flow to judge the solidity of a corporation—a notion which refers to the sum of profits and depreciation charges. 1985A. Blond Book Book iii. 37 Faber's cash flow has been helped by what they have received from the musical Cats.
1880Harper's Mag. June 37/1 The *cash-girls are paid a dollar and a half a week. a1910‘O. Henry’ Trimmed Lamp (1916) 78, I was a cash-girl and a wrapper and then a shop girl.
1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter i. 11 The oppressor doth more hurt sitting silently in his *cash house.
1626Raleigh's Ghost in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 539 Gondomar..chief *cash-keeper for the order of Alcantara. 1705Vanbrugh Confed. i. ii, Her Cash-Keeper's out of humour, he says he has no money.
[1839Carlyle Chartism vi. 149 Cash Payment had not then grown to be the universal sole nexus of man to man.] 1855Mrs. Gaskell North & S. II. xxvi. 353 My only wish is to have the opportunity of cultivating some intercourse with the hands, beyond the mere ‘*cash nexus’. 1904Society in New Reign iv. 93 London is a European suburb, united by a cash nexus to New York. 1936C. Day Lewis Friendly Tree ii. xiii. 193 I'm bound to them by a cash-nexus. They paid for my ticket down here.
1803Edin. Rev. II. 102 The statute of 1797 for stopping the *cash-payments. 1852McCulloch Taxation ii. xi. 380/1 When the currency recovered its value, and cash payments were resumed. 1875Jevons Money (1878) 35 Iron money could not be used in cash payments at the present day.
1973Times 15 Jan. 16/4 A cash dispenser which can issue variable amounts of money has been introduced by Lloyds Bank... Known as *Cashpoint, the service is at present available at several branches in Essex. 1977Navy News June 15 (Advt.), All these services, together with our Cashpoint dispenser for instant cash. 1984Financial Times 2 June i. 4 Charges for cashpoint withdrawals and direct debits will remain at 20p.
1781in Cal. Virginia St. Papers I. 438 The articles were furnished at *cash prices.
1879U.S. Pat. Off. Gaz. XVI. 847/1 [Patent No.] 221,360. *Cash Register and Indicator. 1886Cassell's Family Mag. 123/1 The cash register which is represented in the woodcut is only twelve inches in height. 1938S. Beckett Murphy ix. 178 If his mind had been on the correct cash-register lines.
1866Crump Banking vii. 143 The employment of bills in the discharge of debts, whereby *cash remittances are avoided. 1750Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 874 Genoa has..Cash Weights, for Plate and Coin.
1808J. Steele Let. 28 Aug. in Papers (1924) II. 558 A *cash sale at present I found to be totally impracticable. 1816U. Brown Jrnl. in Maryland Hist. Mag. XI. 350 [He] advises me to sell the whole of Clement Brooks property for cash, or at a Cash Sale. 1838H. Colman Rep. Agric. Mass. 90 At the same time we are always sure of a cash sale. 1879Tourgée Fool's Err. viii. 36 The plantation would never have brought that price at a cash sale.
1811Raleigh (N.C.) Star 7 Mar. 1/2 *Cash Store. S. Bond having taken in a partner, the business in future will be conducted under the firm of Bond & Jones. 1830Paulding Chron. Gotham 156 The Honourable Peleg Peshell, cash-store keeper at Peshellville. Ibid. 159 Passing a unanimous resolution, not to buy anything at his cash-store. 1849N. P. Willis Rural Lett. xviii. 156 You do injustice to the ‘cash stores’ of Oswego.
1898W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 434 The great English way of investigating a conception is to ask yourself right off, ‘..What is its *cash-value, in terms of particular experience?’ 1902― Var. Relig. Exper. xviii. 443 So Berkeley with his ‘matter’. The cash-value of matter is our physical sensations. 1911A. E. Sprague Treat. Insurance Companies' Accounts iii. 26 The cash value of bonuses surrendered when the policy itself remains in force. 1915S. S. Huebner Life Insurance xviii. 234 Some companies allow cash values equal to the full reserve at the end of the second or third year. 1929C. I. Lewis Mind & World-Order i. 32 These empirical criteria..are the ‘cash-value’ of the category. 1930Pitman's Dict. Life Assurance 506/1 Every policy-holder who fails to pay his premiums..when they fall due renders his policy liable to lapse... However, the life office allows him a cash surrender value if he discontinues. This cash value is based on the reserve held against his policy... The minimum cash surrender allowed is one-third of the total payments the policy-holder has made, plus the cash value of any bonuses which have been allotted to the policy. 1935Mind XLIV. 143 But what is the cash-value of this slogan ‘Essence involves existence’? 1966Performing Right Oct. 9/1 Twice a year, the total number of points logged is divided into the total distributable revenue to establish the cash value of each point.
b. Applied adjectively to (a) commodities purchasable for cash, (b) tradesmen or commercial houses doing business for ready money only. Cf. cash-sale, etc., above.
1875Chicago Tribune 13 Sept. 6/1 A large Premium on Cash Pork, Wheat and Corn. 1898Daily News 15 June 6/2 Mr. Armour to-day bought all Mr. Leiter's cash wheat in the north-west. 1903Daily Chron. 7 Apr. 5/2 Cash Dispensing Chemists. 1929D. H. Lawrence Pansies 80 Turned my modest penny Over on Boot's Cash Chemist's counter. 1958Economist 18 Oct. 265/1 The continued recovery in copper has now brought cash metal in London to {pstlg}241 a ton.
Add:[3.] [a.] cash cow colloq., (a sector of) a business which provides a steady cash flow, esp. one considered as an attractive take-over target.
1975Forbes (N.Y.) 15 Feb. 55/1 For a while, the fire and casualty companies were great *cash cows for their acquirers. 1986Economist 13 Sept. 75/3 He had called Dairy Farm the company's ‘cash cow’ and its steady turnover had sustained the group's cash flow through Hong Kong's property slump from 1981 to 1983.
▸ cashback n. (a) a form of consumer incentive offered on selected products whereby, in return for a completed purchase, buyers also receive a cash sum (usually a small proportion of the price); a cash refund of this kind; (b) (chiefly Brit.) a facility offered free by some retailers whereby a customer paying for goods by credit or debit card may (as part of the same transaction) withdraw cash from his or her account, and have the sum added to the bill.
1973N.Y. Times 23 June 16/5 Last year manufacturers refunded some $3.5-billion in premium merchandise, *cash-back refunds and coupon offers. 1988Daily Tel. 28 Nov. 27/4 One great advantage for customers under a full Eftpos system is that the retailer can provide ‘cashback’. 1996Times 20 May 36/5 The retailer had been running a trial in all its stores since last October, soon after it started offering cashback facilities to customers. 1999Financial Times 9 Oct. (Weekend Mag.) 6 (advt.) Consider our standard rate of 9.9% A.P.R..., and our cash backs (1% on all purchases and up to 2% online). 2000Independent 4 Apr. (Tuesday Review Suppl.) 2/7 Pete Sheridan, protesting at bank closures..seems to be suggesting that rural people have nowhere to obtain their cash... Doesn't anyone offer cashback?
▸ cash machine n. (in early use) any of various machines used for transactions involving cash; (now) spec. = cash dispenser n. at Compounds 2.
1890Decatur (Illinois) Daily Republican 11 July 1/4 *Cash machines, cash registers, penny slot machines, and such contrivances are popular, too, with many inventors. 1948Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 15 Dec. 7/2 The manager taught her to register a 10 or 20 cent charge on the cash machine before a customer's order was tallied. 1967Times 21 Mar. 15/2 Other banks, most of which have several times considered the cash machine idea, can be expected to follow suit at some stage. 2000S. Heighton Shadow Boxer ii. ii. 150 A fat, wry-faced bum..sitting Buddha-like in the alcove of a cash machine.
▪ II. cash, n.2|kæʃ|
[ad. (ultimately) Tamil kāsu (‘or perhaps some Konkani form of it’), name of a small coin, or weight of money:—Skr. karsha ‘a weight of silver or gold equal to 1/400 of a tulā’ (Williams); Singhalese kāsi coin. The early Portuguese writers represented the native word by cas, casse, caxa, the Fr. by cas, the Eng. by cass: the existing Pg. caixa and Eng. cash are due to a natural confusion with cash n.1 From an early date the Portuguese applied caixa (probably on the same analogy) to the small money of other foreign nations, such as that of the Malay Islands, and especially the Chinese, which was also naturally made into cash in English. (Yule.)]
A name applied by Europeans to various coins of low value in the East Indies and China: esp.a. The basis of the monetary system which prevailed in Southern India up to 1818; in this system 80 cash = 1 fanam, 42 fanams = 1 star pagoda (about 7s. 8d.).
b. The Chinese le and tsien, coins made of an alloy of copper and lead, with a square hole in the centre whereby they are strung on cords; of these 1000 made a tael or liang.
1598tr. Linschoten's Voy. 34 (Y.) Certaine copper mynt called Caixa..in the middle whereof is a hole to hang it on a string. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. iv. 72 A fine Coat, or about 1000 Cash, as 'tis called, which is a summ about the value of a Dollar. Ibid. vii. 131 The Money-changers..here [Achin], as at Tonquin..sit in the markets..with leaden Money called Cash, which is a name that is generally given to small money in all these Countreys: but the Cash here is..Lead, or Block Tin. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xli. 109 At Atcheen they have a small Coin of Leaden Money called Cash.
a.1711Lockyer Trade in India 8 (Y.) Doodos and Cash are Copper Coins. 1718Propag. Gospel in East II. 52 (Y.) Cass, a very small coin; eighty whereof make one Fano. 1766J. H. Grose Voy. E. Ind. I. 282 (Y.) 80 casches make a fanam or 3d. sterling. 1790Cornwallis Let. to E. J. Holland (Y.), I think that every Cash..of that ill-judged saving may cost the Company a crore of rupees. 1871S. Mateer Travancore 109 The smallest coin in use is the copper Kasu, called by Europeans ‘cash’, equal in value to one nineteenth of a penny.
b.1750Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 793 The Caches (a Copper Money of Hainam and Canton. 1771J. R. Forster tr. Osbeck's Voy. I. 262 Kas, which the Chinese call Lai, is the only current coin which is struck in China. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 280 The China cash at Magindano..have holes as in China. 1875Jevons Money (1878) 58 The Chinese cash are well known to be round disks of a kind of brass, with a square hole in the centre.
▪ III. † cash, n.3 Obs. rare—1.
[f. cash v.1]
A dismissal or disbanding of troops.
1617Moryson Itin. ii. iii. i. 241 His Company of foote, reduced lately in a general cash to 150.
▪ IV. † cash, v.1 Obs.
[var. of cass v.]
trans. To disband, dismiss, etc.; = cashier 1.
1564Golding Justine (1570) 63 He cashed the old souldiers, and supplied their roumes with yong beginners. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 20 If the Companie be dissolued or casht. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 177 The cashed soldier is ever ready to follow any faction. 1632Sir R. Le Grys Velleius 202 That both Cæsar and Pompey should cast [corrected in Errata to ‘cash’] of their armies. 1829Lond. Encycl. V. 214 Cash or Cashier..is now mostly used to express the breaking of an officer.
▪ V. cash, v.2|kæʃ|
[f. cash n.1]
1. a. trans. To give or obtain the cash for (a note, cheque, draft, money order, etc.); to convert into cash.
1811Moore Let. J. Corry 4 Nov., Get two bills upon Power in Dublin cashed for me. 1833H. Martineau Berkeley the B. i. i. 14 Anybody in London whom she could ask to get it cashed for her. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. iii. ix. (1876) 415 D. gets his bill cashed by taking it to a discount-house in France. Mod. Will you cash me a cheque for a few pounds?
b. Bridge. To lead (a winning card); to win (a trick) by leading a winning card.
1934E. Culbertson in Amer. Speech IX. 11/1 To cash a card is simply to take it while the taking is good. 1936― Contract Bridge Complete xlii. 479 Cash all idle top cards in trump or plain suits. 1959Times 14 Jan. 10/4 Suppose that he cashes four spades and two hearts and can safely assume that East..has nothing left but clubs. 1963Listener 14 Feb. 314/1 The best line of play is to cash the top winners.
2. a. cash in, to settle accounts in the game of poker; hence in general use, to clear accounts; to close up a matter. (Sometimes trans. with checks as object.) U.S. colloq.
1888[see below]. 1889Kansas Times & Star 20 Mar., The market value now is about $1,700 a front foot, and many members favor ‘cashing in’ at such a fancy price, and building elsewhere. 1896G. Ade Artie v. 46 If you're struck on him I'll cash in right here and drop out of the game. 1899― Doc Horne xxi. 232, I lost back the $2,500 and cashed in. 1904S. E. White Blazed Trail Stories xii. 224 By all the rules of the game, Peter should have failed long since, should have ‘cashed in and quit’ some five years back.
b. fig. To die. (Also without in.) Also with checks as object.
1884H. Dougherty Oratorical Stump Speaker 14 When Bob cashes in his checks and is toasted like a sirloin steak..on the top of Old Nick's pitchfork. 1888Amer. Humorist 11 Aug. (F.), Till death calls upon you to cash in your earthly checks. 1908Mulford Orphan xix. 250 The Orphan not only saved me but also some of them, for I'd a gotten some of them before I cashed. 1920― J. Nelson xx. 220 He's been follerin' me around steady since Wolf cashed in. 1948Sat. Even. Post 10 July 88/2 Cashing in or shipping out, it made no difference as long as you didn't watch them die. 1966D. Varaday Gara-Yaka's Domain vii. 75 Because of the size of the dead animal, at first I thought it to be buffalo. ‘Poor Bill or Phyl, cashed in?’
c. To ‘get in’ with; now usu., to make a profit on, (fig.) to take advantage of (an opportunity, etc.). orig. U.S.
1904S. E. White Blazed Trail Stories viii. 146, I don't stack very high in the blue chips when it comes to cashin' in with th' gentle sex. 1927Daily Express 12 Sept. 11 An enterprising American company..‘cashed in’ on Mr. Arlen by acquiring the screen-rights of one of his earliest stories. 1928Sunday Express 16 Dec. 4/3 She is appearing in too many films, even for a star who would be justified in ‘cashing in’ on her popularity while the popularity is good. 1930Publishers' Weekly 1 Mar. 1040 Cash in on this tremendous wave of interest and enthusiasm! A large national advertising campaign will start the novel toward a big sale! 1934Wodehouse Right Ho, Jeeves ii. 26 With a thing like that to give you a send-off, why didn't you cash in immediately? 1935Economist 8 June 1295/1 Japan's diplomats are now trying to ‘cash in on’ the opportunities which its soldiers have created. 1955A. L. Rowse Expansion of Eliz. Engl. ix. 368 That rather unattractive journalist, Barnabe Rich, cashes in on the rising interest in military matters with a series of tracts. 1958Spectator 1 Aug. 156/2 A possible autumn election, designed to cash in on what the Conservatives hope will be the flood tide of their popularity. 1966Listener 2 June 794/2 Are not some of them..cashing in quite shamelessly on the current debased fascination with evil?
d. trans. To pay in to a bank; to earn, gain.
1904‘Mark Twain’ $30,000 Bequest (1906) 10 I'm going to cash-in a whole three hundred on the missionaries. a1910‘O. Henry’ Trimmed Lamp (1916) 229 With his gold dust cashed in to the merry air of a hundred thousand..the Man from Nome sighed to set foot again in Chilkoot. 1910W. M. Raine B. O'Connor 21, I know your kind—hell-bent to spend what you cash in. 1933D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise xvi. 278 If all these vouchers were cashed in at once, it would send up the cost per packet.
3. a. To pay over or up. Now chiefly U.S.
1818Keats Let. 10 Jan. (1958) I. 203, I will..ask Kingston and Co to cash up. 1825New Monthly Mag. XIV. 193 When it came to ‘cashing-up’, affairs assumed a soberer complexion. 1831Examiner 296/2 A certain Alderman..did not cash up to his supporters on the former election. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg. ii. 54 He could not cash up, spite of all he could do. 1854M. J. Holmes Tempest & Sunshine xxi. 227 Tempest is in a desput hurry to know whether I'm goin to cash over and send her to market in New Orleans. 1924Wodehouse Leave it to Psmith i. 26 I'm game to spill it and leave it to your honesty to cash up if the thing looks good to you.
b. In pass.: to be supplied with money. Austral. and N.Z. colloq.
1940F. D. Davison Woman at Mill 151, I..went to Sydney well cashed up. 1961B. Crump Hang on a Minute (1963) 191, I couldn't even go on the bash when we were cashed-up.
c. trans. and intr. With up. To count and reconcile (the takings) at a cash register, etc., after a period of trading.
1960National Cash Register Factory Post Nov. 6 The register-printed sales bill..can be used as a Paid Out voucher, retained in the cash drawer to be taken into account when cashing up. 1962E. Godfrey Retail Selling & Organ. ix. 84 Other selling system forms which the assistant must know..are..cashing-up forms for totalling the money in a cash register drawer. 1969D. Clark Death after Evensong ii. 37 Don't parsons cash up the takings after the service with the church wardens? 1985J. Winterson Oranges are not only Fruit 14 We went past the shop{ddd}Mrs Arkwright was there cashing up.
Hence cash-in n., an instance of ‘cashing in’.
1940Harrisson & Madge War begins at Home iv. 95 Apart from this commercial cash-in, all the comments..were satirical. 1950‘G. Orwell’ in World Rev. June 35 Margesson's entry into the Cabinet is..a deliberate cash-in on Wavell's victory. |