| 释义 |
▪ I. sentinel, n.|ˈsɛntɪnəl|
Forms: 6–7 centinell, sentinell, 6 centrinel, (centronel, centernell, centonell, sentonell, sentnell), 7 sentronell, sentenel, 6–9 centinel, 6– sentinel.
[a. F. sentinelle fem., sentinel, † watch-tower, ad. It. sentinella fem.; Sp. centinela, Pg. sentinella, are from It. or Fr.
No convincing etymology of the It. word has been proposed. The gender renders it probable that it originally denoted either the function of keeping watch (= sense 2), or a sentry-box, watch-tower, or the like. Cf. spy, scout, guard, the Fr. originals of which are all primarily fem.]
1. a. = sentry n. 2. Phr. to stand sentinel (rarely pass. to be set sentinel). † forlorn sentinel, = † sentinel perdu, perdu sentinel: see perdu a. 1.[The phrases noted above are imitated from Fr.] 1579Digges Stratiot. iii. viii. 100 [The Scout Master] ought in placing of his night Watches or Sentinels, to vse great consideration. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. ix. 41 And he, that points the Centonell his roome, Doth license him depart at sound of morning droome. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. i. 70, I was imploy'd..About relieuing of the Centinels. 1593Sutcliffe Pract. Laws of Arms xxi. 228 No souldier appointed to stand sentinell, shall depart from the place, or sleepe in the place, vpon paine of death. 1598Yong tr. Montemayor's Diana 120 The gate was opened to them out of hand by the Centrinels. 1598Barret Theor. Warres 106 Those which are set yet 30 pases farther, are to be single, which of some are improperly called forlorne Sentinels. 1639Laws & Ordin. War 6 Whoever being set Sentinell by his Officer.., or other Service, shall be found drunk; shall dye for it. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 332 They went all to sleep,..without so much as a centinel placed for their guard. 1760Cautions & Adv. Officers of Army 46 By making the Culprit do a double Duty, that is,..making him stand Centinel four Hours instead of two. 1784Cook's Third Voy. II. iii. vii. 114 John Harrison, a marine, who was sentinel at the observatory, deserted. 1814Scott Wav. xlvi, The..officer..having sent out his night patrols, and posted his sentinels. 1832W. Irving Alhambra II. 179 ‘Who goes there?’ said the centinel at the gate. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 191 The sentinels who paced the ramparts announced that the vanguard of the hostile army was in sight. 1861Two Cosmos iv. i. II. 6 Cosmo is a great favourite with his regiment... The sentinels always present their arms to him as he passes. 1881Army Act §6 Every person subject to military law who..Forces or strikes a soldier when acting as sentinel; or..Being a soldier acting as sentinel,..sleeps or is drunk on his post..shall..be liable to [etc.].
b. transf. and fig. One who or something which keeps guard like a military sentinel.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. ii. 26 Fairy. Hence away, now all is well; One aloofe, stand Centinell. a1593Marlowe & Nashe Dido ii. (1594) C 2 b, And in this groue..Ile lay Ascanius..: These milke white Doues shall be his Centronels. 1646J. Hall Horæ Vac. 132 The mind having stood long centinell upon serious Thoughts, becomes..sluggish. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 3 ⁋4 A certain race of men..who stand as centinels in the avenues of fame. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair lv, Sir Pitt..had given orders not to be disturbed..—she slipped by the sentinel in livery. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 396 [Bad butter in pastry] thus escapes the very sense which was intended to act as a sentinel to the stomach. 1908R. Bagot A. Cuthbert v. 39 The grim cliff on which the castle stands sentinel over the North Sea.
†c. dark sentinel: one employed to keep secret watch upon a person. ? nonce-phr.
a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 36 But..why she should.. permit him to go where and whither he listed, and onely on the security of a dark sentinell set over him, was..beyond my apprehension.
†2. The occupation, duty or service of a sentinel; chiefly in to keep sentinel. in sentinel, on guard as a sentinel. Obs.
1584A. Munday Fidele & Fortunio 640 in Archiv Stud. neu. Spr. CXXIII. 60 Being his turne as he said for to watch this night, And breaking vp sentinel when it began to be light. 1591Garrard's Art Warre 1 Keeping sentinell in the night. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 287 The murderer being in sentinell, one of his owne fellowes vnawares shot him. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 432 Those that kept the night sentinels. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 23 In which Towers there are always some Aadgemoglans in Sentinel. a1703Burkitt On N.T. 1 Thess. v. 8 The soldiers that..kept centinel.
transf. and fig.1612Bacon Ess., Of Counsel (Arb.) 322 Besides Councelles are not commonly so vnited, but that one keepeth Sentinell over another. a1633Herbert Priest to Temple xviii. (1652) 73 The Parson in Sentinell.
†3. A military watch-tower for defence of a camp or the walls of a city. Obs.
1600Holland Livy xxv. 550 Many places were..smitten with lightning..and two watchmen in their Sentinels stricken starke dead. 1612–17S. Daniel Hist. Eng. 200 King Edward who had gotten to a winde-mill hill, beholding as from a Sentinell,..the countenance of the enemy. 1643Lancash. Valley of Achor 21 The Enemy..fired an house neer the Sentinell. Ibid. 25 They fire Houses and Barnes without the sentinell... Thus they heated and smoaked our valiant souldiers from their Sentinell.
†4. (private) centinel: a private soldier. Obs.
1710Steele Tatler No. 5 ⁋8 There were in the ranks of the company..one Unnion a corporal, and one Valentine a private centinel. 1741in Rep. Comm. Ho. Commons II. 172 (Land Forces, etc.), 70 Grenadiers Coats and Breeches, at 1l. 8s. 630 Centinels ditto, at 1l. 6s. 1744–5–6Ibid. II. 84, 87 Centinels [= ‘Private Men’]. 1762Goldsm. Nash 80 He enlisted himself as a volunteer [in the Dutch army]. Here he underwent all the fatigues of a private centinel. 1797Monthly Mag. III. 483 He..served as a private centinel under the duke of Marlborough, at..Blenheim. 1815Articles of War xxi. 68 But Non-commissioned Officers may be discharged as Private Soldiers, and, by the order of the Colonel of the Regiment, or by the sentence of a Regimental Court-martial, be reduced to private Centinel. 1894C. Walton Hist. Brit. Standing Army 1660 to 1700, xxiii. 417 All soldiers..below the grade of lance-corporal were denominated Privates or more correctly private centinels or private soldiers.
5. Naut. (See quot.) Cf. sentry n.1 5.
1904W. Hall Mod. Navigation (1909) 73 The Sentinel is a device for signalling automatically that water of a certain depth has been reached. It is a lead towed behind the ship at a known depth, with gear fitted to it which completes an electric circuit on touching bottom. This circuit contains a bell on board the ship.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. appositive, quasi-adj. = acting or serving as a sentinel. sentinel crab, a crab of the Indian Ocean, Podophthalmus vigil; sentinel pile Path., an external hæmorrhoid situated at the lower end of an anal fissure.
a1658Lovelace To Lucasta 1 Like to the Sent'nel Stars, I watch all Night. 1863Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. III. 586 The Sentinel-crab, so called from its extreme watchfulness [etc.]. 1867A. J. Wilson Vashti xxxiv, The two sentinel poplars that guarded the front. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 396 The most noble view of Mont Blanc granted by any summit of his sentinel chains. 1910Practitioner Apr. 520 It is probable that the fissure results from the tearing down of one of the anal valves, the free border of which eventually appears at the anus as a rounded œdematous tag—the so-called sentinel pile. 1974R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery vi. 132 The oedematous skin at the lower end of the fissure protrudes as a ‘sentinel’ pile.
b. simple attrib., as sentinel duty, † sentinel-house, † sentinel posture; sentinel-like, sentinel-wise advs.
1708J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. ii. xii. (1743) 107 They perform *centinel duty on foot.
1621Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. ii. viii. 100 The..rampier of the Picts..at euerie miles end had a..tower.., and watch-towers or *sentinell⁓houses betweene.
1896‘A. St. Aubyn’ Bishop's Delusion 54 The tall white lilies standing *sentinel-like on either side the garden path.
1625Markham Souldiers Accid. 24 Your *Sentinell Posture. 1642J. Cruso Ord. Milit. Watches 61 Every Sentinell must stand on his Sentinell posture.
▪ II. sentinel, v.|ˈsɛntɪnəl|
[f. sentinel n.]
1. trans. To stand guard over, to watch as a sentinel. lit. and fig.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 942 To wake the morne, and centinell the night. 1598Rowlands Betraying of Christ 28 The watchfull bird that centinels the morne. 1629Ford Lover's Mel. ii. i. 27 All the powers That centinell iust Thrones, double their guards About your sacred Excellence. 1631Heywood 1st Pt. Fair Maid of West i. 9 Wee'll centinel their safety: This place Ile guard. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xiv, And mountains, that like giants stand, To sentinel enchanted land. 1868B. J. Lossing Hudson 48 The winding road was..sentineled by lofty pines. 1894Clark Russell Good Ship Mohock I. 138 The fellow on deck sentinelling the hatch let us see he was on guard.
†2. intr. To act as sentinel, stand sentinel, keep guard. lit. and fig. Obs. rare.
1593Nashe Christ's T. 17 My vigilance shoulde haue sentineld for all your sleepes. 1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. i. xxii, And all the watchmen, that so nimbly runne, And centinel about the walled towers.
3. trans. To furnish with or as with a sentinel or with sentinels.
1656S. H. Golden Law 33 The Lord Fairfax..wisely Sentinel'd and Perdu'd it to prevent Surprisals. 1820Scott Monast. xxviii, They have sentinelled your door with armed men. 1864Daily Tel. 1 Aug., A wide course had been prepared duly roped off and sentinelled with police. 1901Daily Chron. 4 Oct. 7/1 Three passes led into our valley, and I gathered they were all well sentinelled.
4. To post as a sentinel.
1827Pollok Course of Time vii. (1869) 196 The light that fell From angel-chariots sentinelled on high. 1832Longfellow Native Land 7 There dwells the soul..sentinelled in heaven. 1870Thornbury Tour round Eng. II. xx. 68 A statue of the builder sentinelled high up in an airy niche.
Hence ˈsentinelled ppl. a.
1852H. Spencer Use & Beauty Ess. 1891 II. 371 The mailed, moated, sentinelled security which was irksome to the nobles who needed it. |