| 释义 |
▪ I. carol, n.|ˈkærəl|
Forms: 4–6 karol(e, karolle, carole, 4–7 caroll(e, 4–9 carrol(l, 5 (careld), caroul, 5–6 caral(le, carowl, 6 carralle, caril, caryl, carrell, karrel, 7 karil, (carrold), 4– carol.
[a. OF. carole, also kar-, char-, quar-, quer-, kerole, -olle, in all the senses in which it occurs in Eng. (exc. 3); still in French dialects. (Marne carole dance, fête, joy; Swiss Rom. coraula, coraulo, round dance, dance-song, coraul ball, round dance (Godef.), Pr. and It. carola; Old Pr. also corola. The ulterior etymology of OF. carole and its accompanying vb. caroler, is uncertain; nor is it clear whether the vb. or the n. takes priority etymologically. There are many indications that the first syllable had originally co- (see Diez, 1878, p. 539, and cf. the Swiss and Breton forms); hence Romanic etymologists generally agree with Diez, in seeking the etymology in the Gr.-L. chorus, and its derivatives chorēa, choraules, etc.: cf. esp. ‘corolar vel coreiar, coreas ducere’ quoted by Diez from Faidit Gram. Prov., of 13th c. Wackernagel would take the vb. (coraulare ‘conculcare’ to tread, dance, Ugutio) as a derivative of the n. coraula, choraula, choraules, the fluteplayer who accompanied the chorus dance, and the n. as a derivative of the vb. Another conjecture, assuming ‘ring’ to be the original sense of the n., has proposed as its source L. corolla ‘little crown, coronet, garland’. In any case, a Celtic origin is out of the question: Welsh carol (Christmas) carol, and vb. caroli to sing carols, are from English (Rhŷs), and Breton koroll dance, korolli to dance, koroller dancer, are from French. The arrangement of the senses here followed is tentative.]
I. A ring-dance, and derived senses.
†1. A ring-dance with accompaniment of song; ? a ring of men or women holding hands and moving round in dancing step. arch.
a1300Cursor M. 7601 O þair karol suilk was þe sang. c1300K. Alis. 1845 Faire is carole of maide gent, Bothe in halle and eke in tent. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3460 Wymmen..þat borwe cloþes yn carol to go. c1330Arth. & Merl. 1722 Miri time it is in may..Damisels carols ledeth. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 123 He saw a mayden..daunsynge in a carrole among oþer maydouns. 1394Gower Conf. III. 365 With harpe and lute and with citole, The love daunce and the carole..A softe pas they daunce and trede. c1420Chron. Vilod. 1022 And daunceden with a caralle þe chirche abouȝt. 1483Cath. Angl. 54 A Caralle, corea, chorus, pecten. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xi, In carrolds as they course. 1616Bullokar, Carol, a song, sometimes a dance. 1865Tylor Early Hist. Man. vi. 115 The circles of upright stones..have suggested the idea of a ring-dance, and the story has shaped itself..that such a ring was a party of girls who were turned into stone for dancing carols on a Sunday. 1866Engel Nat. Mus. viii. 273 We learn that the term Carole was applied by the Trouvères to a dance in which the performers moved slowly round in a circle, singing at the time. 1867Longfellow Dante's Parad. xxiv. 16 Those carols dancing in different measure.
†b. Diversion or merry-making of which such dances formed a leading feature. Obs. [So in mod.F. dial. = ‘fête, joie’.]
a1300Cursor M. 28146 Caroles, iolites, and plaies, ic haue be-haldyn and ledde in ways. 1340Ayenb. 71 Oure blisse is ywent in-to wop, oure karoles into zorȝe. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 43 Iusted ful Iolile þise gentyle kniȝtes, Syþen kayred to þe court, caroles to make. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour C ij, To be att feestes, Joustes, and carolles.
†c. A company or band of singers, a choir. (? Or simply ‘assembly, company’ as in Godefroy ‘assemblée, cercle, réunion’.) Obs.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 253/1 Thassembles of martirs, the Couentes of Confessours, the Carolles of Virgyns.
2. A song; originally, that to which they danced. Now usually, a song of a joyous strain; often transf. to the joyous warbling of birds.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9043 Þys ys þe karolle þat þey sunge. 1393Gower Conf. I. 133 And eke he can carolles make, Roundel, balade and virelay. c1440Promp. Parv. 92 Caral, songe [P. caroll], palinodium [K. Psalmodium]...Caroolyn, or synge carowlys. 1595Spenser Epithal. 259 The whiles the maydens doe theyr carroll sing. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. v. iii. 27 This Carroll they began that houre, With a hey and a ho, & a hey nonino. c1750Shenstone Elegy ix, To sing soft carrols to your lovely dames. 1800Wordsw. Hart-leap Well ii. xv, He heard the birds their morning carols sing. a1824Campbell Dead Eagle 99 The fife-like carol of the lark.
3. a. A song or hymn of religious joy.
a1547Surrey æneid ii. 300 Children, and maides, that holly carolles sang. 1625Bacon Ess., Adversity (Arb.) 505 Yet, euen in the old Testament, if you Listen to Dauids Harpe, you shall heare as many Herselike Ayres, as Carols. 1830Tennyson Dream Fair Women 245 ‘Glory to God’ she sang, and past afar..Losing her carol I stood pensively.
b. esp. A song or hymn of joy sung at Christmas in celebration of the Nativity. Rarely applied to hymns on certain other festal occasions.
1502Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. York (1830) 83 Item to Cornishe for setting of a carralle upon Cristmas day. 1521W. de Worde (title), Christmasse Carolles. 1530Palsgr. 203/1 Carole a song, chancon de noel. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 70 A Christmas Caroll of the birth of Christ vpon the tune of King Salamon. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 102 No night is now with hymne or caroll blest. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. iii. 175 The Dity of that hymne, or Caroll, [was] Peace on earth. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 367. 1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry xxviii. (1840) II. 397 These coronation carols were customary. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) ii. 29 Screaming and bellowing Christmas carols under your window. 1845S. Austin tr. Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. 371 Singing hymns before the doors of houses, and new year's carols in the villages.
II. A ring, and related senses. (perh. ought to be I.)
†4. A ring or circle, e.g. of standing stones.[All these instances refer to Stonehenge, also called the Giants' Dance; cf. quot. 1865 in sense 1; but Du Cange has instances of a very different kind, e.g. ‘Unum annulum cum saphyro magno, et karola in circuitu 7 lapidum et 8 perlarum’.] 1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace in Hearne Pref. R.B. 194 Þis Bretons renged about þe feld, Þe karole of the stones be⁓held, Many tyme ȝede þam about. Ibid. 195 Whan he had gon alle aboute Within þe karole & withoute. c1470Harding Chron. lxx. x, Within [the] Giauntes Carole, that so ther hight, The [Stone hengles] that nowe so named been.
¶ A precinct, a space enclosed by rails, etc. See Du Cange.
†5. A small enclosure or ‘study’ in a cloister.[See numerous OF. examples in Godefroy, and quot. from Premonstrat. Statutes in Du Cange ‘in claustro carolæ vel hujusmodi scriptoria’.] 1593Descr. Monuments, &c. Ch. Durham §41 (1842) 70 In every wyndowe three Pewes or Carrells, where every one of the old monks had his carrell, severall by himselfe, that when they had dyned they dyd resorte to that place of Cloister, and there studyed upon there books, every one in his carrell all the after nonne. 1721Bailey, Carrel, a Closet or Pen in a Monastery. 1810Acc. Gloucester Cath., The ten divisions for the windows in the south cloister are divided into twenty carrols; two carrols in each window;—their width four feet.
b. carol-window: ? a bay-window.
c1600Jupp Acc. Comp. Carpenters 223 In 1572 the Carpenters Company of the City of London ordered a caroll-window to be made in the place wher the window now standethe in the gallerie.
†6. A chain. [So F. quarole, two examples in Godef.: see also Du Cange.]
c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 2885 Scho putte ilke resche in other, And made a karole in a stounde, The ton hende touched to grounde, And the othir scho helde on heygh.
7. Comb. and attrib., as carol service, carol singer, carol singing (also as pres. pple.); carol-song, carol-wise; carol-chanting ppl. adj.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 201 (Camb. MS.) And songyn as it were in carolewyse. 1583T. Watson Poems (Arb.) 137 Let those lament who lust, Ile sing a carroll song for obsequy. 1601Chester Love's Mart. (1878) 5 And carroll-chanting birds are sudden mute. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 77/2 Carol singing is of great antiquity among Christian communities. 1911E. Duncan Story of Carol xiv. 180 On Christmas Eve country carol-singers spent half the night tramping the ice-bound ways. Ibid. 191 An amusing story, connected with carol-singing, is related in Pasquil's Jests. 1928P. Dearmer et al. Oxford Bk. Carols p. xvi, William Hone..anticipated that carol-singing would entirely disappear in a few years. Ibid. p. xxii, ‘Carol services’ are indeed not infrequently held even to-day at which not a single genuine carol is sung. 1954T. S. Eliot Confidential Clerk i. 17 I've always sung in our voluntary choir And at the carol service. 1954Radio Call (Austral.) 22 Dec. 10 As on previous Christmas eves, they'll be carol singing for appreciative audiences. 1978Washington Post 19 Nov. f2/2 Its four holiday stamps..showing carol singers through the ages will go on sale Wednesday.
▪ II. carol, v.|ˈkærəl, -ɒl|
For forms see prec.
[a. OF. caroler, f. carole; see prec. The derivative forms in -ed, -ing, -er, are now most commonly spelt (in England) with ll (carolled, etc.) though for no good reason: cf. F. caroler, carolant, caroleur.]
†1. intr. To dance in a ring to the accompaniment of song; to dance and sing, make merry. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 7600 [Þar] karold [Gött. dauncid] wimmen be þe wai. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9041 Þese wommen ȝede and tollede here oute Wyþ hem to karolle þe cherche aboute. Ibid. 9138 Þese men þat ȝede so karol⁓lande Alle þat ȝere hande yn hande. c1400Rom. Rose 810, I wolde have karoled right fayn, As man that was to daunce right blithe. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 327 Ladyes and damoyselles did carowle and sing.
2. To sing, orig. in accompaniment to a dance. Now usually: To sing a lively or joyous strain. (Chiefly poet.)
c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 848, I sawe her daunce so comely, Carol and sing so swetely 1393Gower Conf. III. 30 If she carole upon a songe, Whan I it here, I am so fed. c1440Promp. Parv. 62 Caroolyn, or synge carowlys [P. carallyn], psalmodio. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb., Tho wouldest thou learne to caroll of love. 1633P. Fletcher Pisc. Ecl. xi. i, And carol lowd of love, and loves delight. 1791Cowper Iliad xviii. 712 Carolling to it with a slender voice. 1853De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun viii. 17 Juvenal's qualification for carolling gaily through a forest full of robbers.
b. ironically.
1440J. Shirley Dethe K. James (1818) 18 Sirs the spows is foundon, wherfore we bene cumne, and all this nyght haf carold here.
c. transf. of the warbling of birds, etc.
1595Spenser Epithal. 79 Hark, how the cheerfull birds do chaunt..And carroll of Loves praise. 1768Beattie Minstr. i. v, Where the grey linnets carol from the hill. 1830Tennyson Sea-Fairies, Merrily merrily carol the gales.
3. trans.
a. with cognate object.
1575Laneham Let. (1871) 60 Then carroll I vp a song withall. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 37 To carroll out this roundelay. 1718Prior 2nd Hymn Callimachus (R.) Hovering swans..carol sounds harmonious. 1797Philanthrope No. 25 Many a feather'd warbler..Carrol'd the melodious lay. 1859Tennyson Elaine 700 Carolling as he went A true-love ballad.
b. To sing of, celebrate in song.
1634Milton Comus 849 The shepherds..Carol her goodness loud in rustic lays. 1683Chalkhill Thealma & Cl. 40 Shepherds Swains still Carol out her Fame. 1774Westm. Mag. II. 374 The Muse That carrol'd Sir John Hill! |