| 释义 |
pyroligneous, a.|paɪərəʊˈlɪgniːəs|
[a. F. pyro-ligneux (De Morveau and Lavoisier, 1787), f. pyro- + L. lignum wood.]
Produced by the action of fire or heat upon wood. pyroligneous acid: a crude acetic acid (wood vinegar) obtained by the destructive distillation of wood. So pyroligneous alcohol, pyroligneous ether, pyroligneous spirit, methyl alcohol.
[1787De Morveau, Lavoisier, etc. Nomencl. 150 Noms nouveaux: Acide pyro-ligneux. Esprit acide empyreumatique du bois.] c1790tr. De Morveau's, etc., Table Chem. Nom. in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IV. 598, 21 Pyro-ligneous acid. Spirit of wood. 1810–26Henry Elem. Chem. I. 336 Liquid products of value are collected,..an impure vinegar called pyroligneous acid. 1822P. Taylor in Philos. Mag. 31 Oct. 316 This spirit, which, from its greater resemblance to æther than to any other substance, I have called pyroligneous æther. 1861Photogr. News 3 May 211/2 Pyroligneous Spirit, known also as pyroxylic spirit, wood alcohol, and wood naphtha. 1873E. Spon Workshop Receipts Ser. i. 64/1 Some turpentine being drawn from green trees abound[s] with a pyroligneous acid. 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 336 Pyroligneous æther or wood naphtha,—a fluid quite distinct from mineral naphtha, which is a simple hydrocarbon.
So † pyroˈlignic, † pyroˈlignous adjs. in same sense; pyroˈlignate, † pyroˈlignite [so in Fr.; see -ite1 4 b], a salt of pyroligneous acid, an impure or crude acetate.
1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 22 Acetate of Lime. Sometimes termed *Pyrolignate of Lime.
a1799J. Black Lect. Elem. Chem. (1803) II. 374 An acid now called *pyro-lignic (pyro-xylic). 1805Nisbet Dict. Chem., Table Nomencl. i. 359 Pyrolignic radical, basis of acid distilled from birch and other woods.
[1787De Morveau, Lavoisier, etc. Nomencl. 208 *Pyro-lignite de chaux, etc.] c1790tr. De Morveau's, etc., Tabl. Chem. Nom. in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IV. 598, 21 Pyro-lignite of lime, Pyrolignite of zinc, etc. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 223 The pyrolignite of iron called iron liquor in this country, is the only mordant used in calico-printing for black, violet, puce, and brown colours.
1790Kerr tr. Lavoisier's Elem. Chem. 260 The Combinations of *Pyro-lignous Acid with the Salifiable Bases. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 21 Pyrolignous acid, about twice the strength of vinegar..possesses a dull, acidulous, offensive smack. |