| 释义 |
cardiac, a. (and n.)|ˈkɑːdɪæk|
Forms: 5 cardiake, 7 -aque, -acke, 7–8 -ack, 8– cardiac.
[a. F. cardiaque of the heart, ad. L. cardiacus, a. Gr. καρδιακός, f. καρδία heart.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the heart, anatomically, physiologically, or pathologically. † cardiac passion [L. cardiaca passio]: ‘an old name for cardialgia or heartburn’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); but app. orig. palpitation of the heart. cardiac arrest, sudden cessation of the heart's pumping action.
1601Holland Pliny II. 153 The Cardiacke passion, which is a feeblenesse and trembling of the heart. 1629Chapman Juvenal v. 65 His longing friend..blown in fume up with a cardiack fit. 1726Monro Anat. Nerves (1741) 74 The Cardiac Nerves. 1810Encycl. Brit. (ed. 4) V. 177 Cardialgia..better known by the name of cardiac passion, or heartburn. 1835–6Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 192/1 The cardiac arteries arise from the aorta close to its origin. 1883Nature 15 Mar. 468 The cardiac action became stronger. 1950Ann. Surg. CXXXII. 855 The sudden onset of ventricular fibrillation in 15 and cardiac arrest in two as observed in the continuous electrocardiographic image. 1961Lancet 5 Aug. 293/2 The technique..has been used in all cases where the period of cardiac arrest was expected to exceed about 15 minutes. 1977Rolling Stone 30 June 35/1 Jazz pianist Hampton Hawes died May 22nd in Los Angeles of a cardiac arrest following a cerebral hemorrhage. 1982Macmillan Guide Family Health 388/1 If cardiac arrest happens when nobody else is present, it is fatal. 1983Oxf. Textbk. Med. II. xiii. 90/1 Signs of cardiac arrest such as dilated pupils, apnoea, and absent heart sounds.
2. a. ‘Applied to medicines supposed to invigorate the heart’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); cordial, strengthening.
1661Evelyn Fumifug. Misc. iii. (1805) 241 Strawberries, whose very leaves..emit a cardiaque & most refreshing halitus. 1718Quincy Compl. Disp. 77 Whatsoever raises the Spirits, and gives sudden Strength..is term'd Cardiack, or Cordial, as comforting the Heart. 1744Berkeley Siris §64 The stomachick, cardiack, and diuretick qualities of this fountain. 1807in G. Gregory Dict. Arts.
b. cardiac glycoside, any of a group of steroid glycosides (as digoxin, ouabain) that occur in certain plants and are heart stimulants; similarly cardiac glucoside, a glucoside of this group.
1927Jrnl. Biol. Chem. LXXIV. 787 (heading) The relationship between the structure and the biological action of the cardiac glucosides. 1937A. Stoll (title) The cardiac glycosides. 1951A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics xviii. 332 The cardiac glycosides have been used from time immemorial principally because of their toxic effects. 1983Oxf. Textbk. Med. II. xiii. 61/1 Many patients on maintenance cardiac glycosides do not require them, and in view of their potential danger the need for continued treatment should be reviewed frequently.
3. Pertaining to or affected with disease of the heart.
1748tr. Vegetius' Distemp. Horses 50 Such [Horses] as have the Head-ach, or the Staggers, or are mad or are cardiac. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. 30 We both suffered from cardiac symptoms.
4. Anat. Distinctive epithet of the upper orifice of the stomach; hence applied to the corresponding end or region of the stomach, or to some organ connected with it. Cf. cardia.
1843J. Wilkinson tr. Swedenborg's Anim. Kingd. I. ii. 70 The cardiac orifice guards the stomach. 1866Huxley Phys. vi. (1869) 166 Its [the stomach's] left end is produced into an enlargement which, because it is on the heart side of the body, is called the cardiac dilatation. The opening of the gullet into the stomach, termed the cardiac aperture.
5. Heart-shaped (in cardiac wheel = heart-cam).
1864in Webster.
B. n.
†1. A disease or affection of the heart, or referred to the heart; ? = cardiac passion (see A. 1).
c1450Destr. Jerus., Addit. MS. 10036, f. 29 Suche joie Titus gan undretake, That him toke a cardiake. 1468Medulla in Cath. Angl. 54 Cardiaca; quidam morbus, a cardyake. 1483Cath. Angl. 54 A Cardiakylle or cardiake, cardia, cardiaca.
2. A medicine supposed to stimulate the heart, a cordial. Also fig.
1746Berkeley 2nd Let. Tar-water §6 This medicine of tar-water worketh..as a..cardiac. 1803Man in Moon (1804) 65 No. 9 How many cardiacs has the fertile invention of modern dramatists mixed up..to please an audience?
3. A person suffering from heart disease.
1934in Webster. 1957Amer. Heart Jrnl. LIV. 352 These patients represent an important group of cardiacs who are often denied surgical relief. 1972I. L. Rubin et al. Treatm. Heart Dis. Adult (ed. 2) xviii. 445 All cardiacs should be watched carefully for fall in blood pressure. |